1 .

A．Impatient.

B．Confused.

C．Sincere.

D．Comfortable.

2 . To tease apart these features of emotion regulation, Varma designed an experimental situation in which they put participants into an “emotion induction (引导)” treatment. Participants read a story that was intended to cause a negative emotion such as a hit-and-run car accident or the death of your dog.

The underlined phrase “tease apart” (Para 3, Line 1) is closest in meaning to _________.

A．identify

B．combine

C．emphasize

D．dominate

3 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. 

It’s no laughing matter

Much research has been conducted about why humans laugh and what they laugh at—not only by psychologists, but also by philosophers, for the study of laughter crosses many disciplines. So, why do we laugh?

The general belief is that humans laugh as a social bonding mechanism. Studies have shown that humans are over 30 times more likely to laugh with others than alone. Even “laughing gas” works more effectively on a group of people than on a single person. We all know that laughter can be very infectious.

Some researchers believe that laughter in humans was born out of the relief our ancestors felt after danger had passed. If smiling in humans is considered an extension of the “fear” face in primates (灵长类动物), then laughter is a signal that the fear has gone. When we laugh, our “fight or flight” reaction to danger is temporarily switched off, further indicating that we now feel relaxed. So laughter is a way of discharging stress and anxiety.

Although laughter is universal, people don’t always laugh at the same things, and what people find funny often changes as they get older. Children find a lot to laugh about, as they are encountering so many things for the first time, which offers constant surprises. Teenagers often like jokes that adults find annoying, while adults often laugh at jokes about funny things in their own everyday lives. Furthermore, because a lot of our humor comes from a shared cultural background, countless jokes don’t cross language and cultural barriers, with the result that what’s funny in Australia may well not be in Austria.

Regardless of what different people find funny, people ought to laugh as much as they can. While we’re laughing, we increase the killer cells that destroy viruses. So, the next time someone tells you they nearly died laughing, tell them it’s far from the truth!

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4 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Working Out Worries by Writing

After his father was driven to the hospital for emergent treatment, 43-year-old Yanatha Desouvre began to panic. So, he did one thing that he knew would calm himself: He wrote. Over the next few weeks, Desouvre filled several notebooks, writing about his worry as well as his happy memories with his dad. “Writing allowed me to face my fear and process my pain,” he says. Psychologists refer to that kind of writing as “expressive writing”. People do it by recording their deepest thoughts and feelings. However, different from writing in a journal, expressive writing is to reflect honestly and thoughtfully on a particular frustration or challenge.

A well-known psychology professor says that hundreds of studies have looked at the potential benefits of expressive writing and found it can help reduce pain and improve mood, sleep and memory. It may even help reduce symptoms of various illnesses, and prevent colds and flu.

Expressive writing takes effect because translating a painful experience into language allows people to make meaning out of it, some experts say. The process forces them to organize their thoughts and offers a sense of control, thus completing the pursuit of value from such an experience. Another research suggested that during expressive writing, the act of labeling a feeling can lessen the activity relating to nerves in the threat area of the brain. With these nerves relaxed, people can lower the symptoms of their diseases, enhance their appreciation for life, and increase the acceptance of various experiences in their lives.

What can’t be ignored is that it shouldn’t be used as a replacement for other medical treatments. And people coping with a severe depression may not find it useful to do on their own, without therapy. Yet, it can be a powerful coping tool for many, in large part because it helps battle against their reluctance to face negative emotions.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 . It was near the end of summer in my 16th year. I was riding in the back seat of a large van heading down an endless road. I was at the end of a two-week road trip with several other teenagers to visit a college in Iowa. Along the way I had spent several days in Pittsburgh, Chicago, and on the road, I felt tired, solitary, and homesick. It was the longest that I had ever been away from my family.

I glanced out of my window and suddenly my heart leapt. There, in the distance, I could see them: the beautiful mountains of my home. After days and days on the dry, brown plains I finally saw the green hills in which I had grown up again. As we got closer and closer to those green mountains I felt myself becoming happier and happier. My face lit up and my smile returned. Warmth filled my spirit. It felt so good to be going home. It was such a joy to be heading back to the place where I was raised. It was such a blessing to finally know that I was almost back where I belonged.

Looking back on that memory makes me wonder what it will be like when I finally return to my true home. Even for the longest life, this world is just a temporary residence. It is a place that we learn, love and grow in, but it isn’t really home. Our true home lies beyond this world and its love, joy and beauty cannot be described in words. It is where our family awaits us.

Until I reach that blessed place, though, I will do my best to enjoy each day of life’s journey here. I will do my best to use every moment to get a little closer to home. I will do my best to travel through life with a loving heart, a pleasant smile and a giving spirit.

1. What would be the best title for this passage?

A．Getting Closer to Home	B．A Joyous Smile
C．An Unforgettable Journey	D．My Beautiful Hometown

2. Which of the following CANNOT describe the author’s feelings in the first paragraph?

A．Worn out	B．Lonely
C．Missing his family	D．Pleased and happy

3. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?

A．The author went on the trip by bike.

B．The author spent days travelling abroad.

C．The author had been travelling on the plains.

D．The author had once been on a longer trip than this one.

4. According to the passage, what the author most values is ___________.

A．how long he lives	B．his family
C．his hometown	D．how many places he visits

6 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Express Your Gratitude

Recent research found that expressions of gratitude, such as saying “thanks” or nodding in appreciation, were rarer than expected.

One explanation for the absence of thank-yous in some languages could be an unspoken understanding of our social obligations in informal contexts, such as with close friends and family,     1     makes explicit (外显的) acknowledgement less vital.

Or it could be     2     we simply don’t realise the impact on others of saying thanks. In a series of three experiments in 2018 at the University of Chicago, Amit Kumar and Nicholas Epley asked volunteers to write letters expressing gratitude, and to predict how surprised, happy, and awkward receivers     3     (feel). The pair then asked receivers how the letters actually made them feel. The results were disheartening: the letter writers always overestimated     4     awkwardness that receivers felt, while underestimating positive feelings and surprise about the letters and their contents. In other words,     5     people really like receiving letters of gratitude, we send them far less often than we should because we underestimate their beneficial impact.

Kumar advises     6     overthinking your thank-yous. “One thing we observe is that expressers are too much concerned with how     7     (express) their gratitude — how expressive they’ll be, whether they’ll get the words just right, he says. But those on the receiving end     8     (not bother) as much as expressers think. “     9     (say) something irrespective of precisely how you go about doing it could improve your own well-being, as well as the well-being of another person,” he says.

High time to drop the excuses and get those thank-you notes     10     (do).

7 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Friendship

To help us understand what friendship really means, we need to review some classical views of friendship. According to Aristotle, we may find three kinds of friendship:

Friendship based on utility. Utility is an impermanent thing: it changes according to circumstances. When the ground for friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. Friendships of this kind seem to occur most frequently between the elderly, because at their age what they want is not pleasure but utility Friendships based on utility are also frequently found among those in middle or early life who are pursuing their own advantage. Such persons do not spend much time together, because sometimes they do not even like one another, and therefore feel no need of such an association unless they are mutually useful. They take pleasure in each other’s company only in so far as they have hopes of advantage from it.

Friendship based on pleasure. Friendship between the young is thought to be grounded on pleasure, because the lives of the young are regulated by their feelings, and their chief interests are in their own pleasure and the opportunity of the moment. As they grow up, however, their tastes change too, so that they are quick to make and to break friendships. That is why they fall in and out of friendship quickly, changing their attitude often, even within the same day.

Friendship based on goodness. Perfect friendship is based on goodness. Only the friendship of those who are good, and similar in their goodness, is perfect. The conduct of good men is the same or similar. It is between good men that both love and friendship are chiefly found and in the highest form. Such friendships are rare and they need time and intimacy; for as the saying goes, true friends must go through trials and tribulations (患难) together. And no two persons can accept each other and become friends until each has proved to the other that he is worthy of love. and so won his trust. The wish for friendship may develop rapidly, but true friendship does not.

8 . What happens when we experience emotions?

In brief, emotional responses have four parts. There is a bodily (physiological) response, an interpretation in the mind, feelings, and an effect on behaviour. These do not happen in any special order - they happen at the same time and affect each other.     1    

To understand the physiological response, imagine you are frightened by an aggressive, noisy dog. Your brain sends messages throughout your body. It does this by releasing a chemical called adrenaline, which the blood carries to other parts of the body. Then, the bodily sensations of being frightened begin. Blood drains from your stomach (giving a feeling we describe as a "knot in the stomach"). The blood vessels（血管）in the face become narrower (which makes you become white). Similar processes exist for other emotions.     2     This helps the person get ready for a fight.

The second aspect of emotion is interpretation in the ind of events and feelings. This is both conscious and unconscious. In fact, the more you think about the dog, the more frightened you become. Thinking like this sends both your feelings and your physical arousal to new heights.

    3     In one, the brain senses the body's state of arousal. The other comes from memories of your body's reactions in similar situations in the past. So, when you see the angry dog, your brain may remember your feelings from past experiences with angry dogs.

Finally, emotions can also affect behavior.     4     In this, the person either becomes aggressive or runs away. Responses may also include facial expressions and sounds, such as crying, screaming or shouting. There may also be gestures, such as waving arms.

A．The “feeling” aspect of emotions comes from two sources.

B．We will illustrate this process with the most carefully studied of all emotions: fear.

C．In response to the aggressive dog, this could be the so-called "fight-or-flight" response which appears to be part of our biology.

D．We should make clear, however, that emotions are not completely fixed by our biology.

E．With anger, for example, more blood flows to the hands, and more energy is released.

F．Fear, for example, undoubtedly helped people thousands of years ago to respond to dangerous situations.

9 . When it came to moral reasoning, we like to think our views on right and wrong are rational (理智的). But ultimately they are grounded in emotion. Philosophers have argued over this claim for a quarter of a millennium without _________. Times up! Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter. Though reason can shape moral judgment, emotion is often _________.

Harvard psychologist Joshua Greene does brain scans of people as they study the so-called trolley problem. Suppose a trolley is rolling down the track toward five people who will _________ unless you pull a lever (杠杆) that pushes it onto another track— where, unfortunately, lies one person who will die instead. An easy call, most people say: _________ the loss of life — a “utillitarian” (功利主义的) goal as philosopher put it — is the thing to do.

But suppose the only way to save the five people is to push someone else onto the track — a _________ whose body will bring the trolley to a stop before it hits the others. It’s still a one-for-five _________ and you still initiate the action that dooms the one. _________, now you are more directly involved; most people say it would be wrong to do this trade off. Why? According to Greene’s brain scans, the second situation more thoroughly excites parts of the brain linked to _________ than does the leve-pulling situation. Apparently, the intuitive hesitation of giving someone a deadly push is more _________ than the hesitation to a deadly lever pull.

Further studies suggest that in both cases the emotional __________ compete for control with more rational parts of the brain. In the second situation the emotions are usually strong enough to win.

And when they lose, it is only after a tough __________ process. The few people who approve of pushing an innocent man onto the tracks take longer to reach their decision. So too with people who approve of smothering (死) a crying baby rather than catching the attention of enemy troops who would then kill the baby along with other __________.

Princeton philosopher Peter Singer argues that we should __________ our moral intutions (本能) and ask whether that logic deserves respect in the first place. Why obey moral impulses that evolved to serve the “__________” — such as sympathy that moves toward relatives and friends? Why not worry more about people an ocean away whose suffering we could cheaply relieve? Isn’t it better to save 10 starving African babies than to keep your 90-year-old father on life support? In the absence of a tough decision-making process, reason may indeed be a(n) “__________ of the passion.”

1.

A．comprehension

B．hesitation

C．resolution

D．imagination

2.

A．diverse

B．generous

C．passive

D．decisive

3.

A．die

B．continue

C．hesitate

D．escape

4.

A．respecting

B．minimizing

C．investigating

D．maximizing

5.

A．referee

B．counselor

C．criminal

D．bystander

6.

A．proportion

B．deal

C．loss

D．gain

7.

A．Likewise

B．However

C．Therefore

D．Moreover

8.

A．imagination

B．reason

C．emotion

D．belief

9.

A．polite

B．religious

C．professional

D．intense

10.

A．concerns

B．efforts

C．bonds

D．therapies

11.

A．self-serving

B．decision-making

C．problem-solving

D．truth-seeking

12.

A．innocents

B．barriers

C．examples

D．accidents

13.

A．follow

B．spread

C．examine

D．ignore

14.

A．selfless

B．self-restraint

C．self-deceptive

D．selfish

15.

A．master

B．advocate

C．slave

D．protester

10 . Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Write your answer on the answer sheet.

Are your children getting on your last nerve? Did a coworker's comment rub you the wrong way? There's no need to plug the steam coming out of your ears. In fact, science now gives you full permission to release those emotions; you might actually be happier for it. If that seems counter—intuitive(违反直觉的), hear us out. A new study suggests that people tend to be happier if they can feel and express emotions as they want. That goes for unpleasant emotions like anger and hatred, too.

An international team of researchers recruited 2,300 university students from the United States, Brazil, China, Germany, Ghana, Israel, Poland, and Singapore. They then asked the participants to tell them which emotions they desired and which ones they actually felt, and then compared those responses to how the participants rated their overall happiness or life satisfaction.

The results showed an interesting trend. While participants wanted to experience more pleasant emotions, they reported higher life satisfaction if the emotions they experienced matched those they desired. More surprising still, 11 percent of people wanted to feel less of positive emotions, such as love and empathy, and 10 percent of people wanted to feel more negative emotions, such as hatred and anger.

At first glance, these result might seem confusing. But there's a simple explanation, according to the study's authors. Happiness is "more than simply feeling pleasure and avoiding pain," they write. It is also learning to release negative emotions when you feel them, instead of ignoring them or bottling them up.

"If you feel emotions you want to feel, even if they're unpleasant, then you're better off," lead researcher Dr Maya Tamir from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem told the BBC News website. 71