1 .
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2 . As Christmas approached, the price of turkey went wild. It didn’t rocket, as some might suggest. Nor did it crash. It just started waving. We live in the age of the variable prices. In the eyes of sellers, the right price—the one that will draw the most profit from consumers’ wallets—has become the focus of huge experiments. These sorts of price experiments have become a routine part of finding that right price.
It may come as a surprise that, in buying a pie, you might be participating in a carefully designed social-science experiment. But this is what online comparison shopping has brought. Simply put, the convenience to know the price of anything, anytime, anywhere, has given us, the consumers, so much power that sellers—in a desperate effort to regain the upper hand, or at least avoid extinction—are now staring back through the screen. They are trying to “comparison shopping” us.
They have enough means to do so: the huge data tracks you leave behind whenever you place something in your online shopping cart with top data scientists capable of turning the information into useful price strategies, and what one tech economist calls “the ability to experiment on a scale that’s unimaginable in the history of economics.”
In result, not coincidentally, normal pricing practices—an advertised discount off the “list price,” two for the price of one, or simply “everyday low prices” are giving way to far more crazy strategies.
“In the Internet era, I don’t think anyone could have predicted how complicated these strategies have become,” says Robert Dolan, a professor at Harvard. The price of a can of soda in a vending machine can now vary with the temperature outside. The price of the headphones may depend on how budget-conscious your web history shows you to be. The price may even be affected by the price of the mobile phone you use for item search. For shoppers, that means price—not the one offered to you right now, but the one offered to you 20 minutes from now, or the one offered to me, or to your neighbor—may become an increasingly unknowable thing. “There used to be one price for something,” Dolan notes. Now the true price of pumpkin-pie spice is subject to a level of uncertainty.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?| A．When holidays come, prices are usually increased. |
| B．The right price to sellers is the one to bring biggest profits. |
| C．The right price is fixed although it’s hard to find it. |
| D．To buy a pie, customers have to become an expert in economy. |
| A．reflect on the effect of the Internet |
| B．analyze customers’ online buying history for price strategy |
| C．double check the existence of the purchase |
| D．find out online where the lowest prices are |
| A．The instant mood of the buyer at the time of purchase. |
| B．The necessity level of the item at the time of purchase. |
| C．The extent to which the buyer is sensitive to the price. |
| D．The price of the facility the buyer uses to look for the item. |
| A．The advantages of online shopping over traditional shopping. |
| B．Measures sellers take to maximize profits. |
| C．The analysis of pricing mechanism. |
| D．The battle between buyers and sellers in Internet age. |
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4 . Livestreaming (直播) through channels such as Amazon Live and QVC is an increasingly popular way to sell goods online. It usually lasts between 5 and 10 minutes, and someone promotes a product. Viewers can then readily buy it by clicking on a link.
We analyzed 99,451 sales cases on a livestream selling platform and matched them with actual sales cases. In terms of time, that is equal to over 2 million 30-second television advertisements.
To determine the emotional (情绪的) expression of the salesperson, we used two deep learning models: a face model and an emotion model. The face model discovers the presence or absence of a face in a frame (镜头) of a video stream. The emotion model then determines the probability that a face is exhibiting any of the six basic human emotions: happiness, sadness, surprise, anger, fear or disgust. For example, smiling signals a high probability of happiness, while an off-putting expression usually points toward anger.
We wanted to see the effect of emotions expressed at different times in the sales cases so we counted probabilities for each emotion for all 62 million frames in our database. We then combined these probabilities with other possible aspects that might drive sales—such as price and product characteristics—to judge the effect of emotion.
We found that, perhaps unsurprisingly, when salespeople show more negative emotions-such as anger and disgust—the volume of sales went down. But we also found that a similar thing happened when the salespeople show high levels of positive emotions, such as happiness or surprise.
A likely explanation, based on our research, is that smiling can be unpleasant because it lacks true feelings and can reduce trust in the seller. A seller’s happiness may be taken as a sign that the seller is gaining interests at the customer’s expense.
1. What can we know about the livestreaming in the first paragraph?| A．It damages the physical economy. |
| B．It helps to sell the products abroad. |
| C．It helps big companies promote all goods. |
| D．It is very convenient for the buyers to buy goods. |
| A．By analyzing previous data. | B．By referring to a theory. |
| C．By giving some examples. | D．By concluding different views |
| A．Surprising. | B．Delighting. | C．Displeasing. | D．Embarrassing. |
| A．Livestreamers Sell Products Successfully |
| B．Expressions Affect Selling Products Online |
| C．Emotions and Faces: What’s the Difference |
| D．Smiling Can Increase the Sales in Reality |
5 . The word addiction usually makes you think of alcohol or drugs, but in modern-day society we are seeing some new kinds of addictions. Some people are compulsive (难以自制的) shoppers. Others find it impossible to pull themselves away from their work.
Over the years, shopping has become a very common activity. Many people enjoy going to malls or stores more and more every day, but it’s more than a common hobby for some of them. They have turned into shopaholics.
| A．Shopaholism seems to be a harmless addiction, but it can result in many problems. |
| B．Still others spend countless hours watching TV or playing computer games. |
| C．They are people who simply enjoy shopping and walking around spending money without being able to stop doing it. |
| D．The question is: why do they have this addiction? |
| E．It can also cause financial problems. |
| F．Accordingly, these shopaholics should turn to a certain organization for help so that they can stop compulsive shopping. |
| G．Here are some ways to help you deal with shopping addiction. |
6 . There're plenty of eco-friendly stores for those who enjoy the ease of online shopping,and here are some of them:
Eartheasy
Eartheasy offers countless natural lawn and garden items like organic fertilizer, and items to start growing your own vegetables like raised garden beds, greenhouses, and planters. The company reuses shipping boxes and packaging when possible. Eartheasy also supports Trees for the Future by planting a tree for every order placed online, and partners with the EPA WaterSense program to promote water conservation.
Thrive Market
Thrive Market is an online, membership-based market. For just $5 a month, you get access to more than 6,000 sustainable products at 25%-50% retail (零售）prices, Besides, Thrive Market uses eco-friendly shipping, zero-waste warehouses, and recyclable packaging. The market's one-for-one membership matching program means that your paid membership gives a free membership card to a low-income family.
EcoRoots
Products from EcoRoots are completely plastic-free with shipping materials made from100% recyclable materials. The company offers a series of home goods, including reusable grocery and produce bags, bamboo cutlery(餐具）,recyclable dish cloths, vegan food wraps, etc. EcoRoots is a member of 1% for the Planet, and donates 1% of sales annually towards sustainability initiatives.
Made Trade
Made Trade tries to source materials that are local to the region where products are being made, and employs makers and artisans(工匠)around the world using traditional art forms to make clothing. Sustainable products offered by Made Trade use responsibly harvested raw materials, recycled materials, and all-natural, eco-friendly plant-based dyes.
1. Who should be the most interested in Eartheasy?| A．Art lovers. |
| B．Cooking lovers. |
| C．People eager for a green backyard. |
| D．People with poor access to drinking water. |
| A．It provides free membership for any consumer. |
| B．It helps save money for shoppers. |
| C．It offers online and offline services. |
| D．It donates goods to families in trouble. |
| A．Eartheasy. | B．Thrive Market. |
| C．EcoRoots. | D．Made Trade. |
7 . The Best Eco-Friendly Gifts
For the eco-conscious, we’ve rounded up our favorite eco-friendly gifts to send to your love.
Reusable Produce Bags (Price: $ 33)
Website: Sears. com
This pack of seven teusable bags are plastic free and made from 100 percent biodegradable cotton. The set includes one cotton net bag, three produce bags, and three food bag. Double stitching and durable seams mean these bags are built to last, and they’re machine washable for easy cleaning.
Wood Bookmarks with Tassels (Price; $ 25)
Website: Etsy. com
Teachers often like to hand out small gifts to students at the end of the year, and this set of wooden bookmarks is a sustainable, affordable way to let students know you care. (Plus, they’re a great reminder to read over holiday breaks!) The bookmarks come with colorful tassels as well, making it easy to mark your place while reading.
Personalized Notebook (Price: $ 13)
Website: Journal. com
This customizable journal is a great gift to jot down notes, used as a daily thought journal, or as a place to keep travel memories or even grocery lists. The cover is made from eco-friendly heavy cotton paper. The pages are recycled cartridge paper that’s perfect for fountain pens and ink as well as other media.
Greener Bamboo Cutting Board (Price: $ 90)
Website: Amazon. com
This bamboo cutting board is naturally bacteria resistant and made from 100 percent Moso bamboo that’s grown in organic soil. One side of the board has a deep juice-catching groove that’s perfect for capturing juices as you cut. After cutting, simply flip the board to the other side for a beautiful presentation large enough for veggie arrangements, watermelon, and more.
1. What can remind you to read?| A．Reusable Produce Bags. | B．Personalized Notebook. |
| C．Wood Bookmarks with Tassels. | D．Greener Bamboo Cutting Board. |
| A．Etsy. com. | B．Sears. com. | C．Journal. com. | D．Amazon. com. |
| A．They all are expensive. | B．They are popular with students. |
| C．They are made of cotton paper. | D．They are sustainable and eco-friendly. |
8 . In this most unusual year, the gift of giving will feel especially good. These tips can help make the season merry and bright for everyone.
What’s Different This Year
Hot Ticket Items May Be Extra Hot: Some companies have scaled back their holiday ordering this year to trim inventory, so popular products might sell out fast — in stores and online. So if you see a good price for an item on your list, be sure to grab it. And plan to ship gifts at least two weeks before Christmas Eve.
Online Sales Will Start Early
This year, it maybe more like Cyber Season, with online promotions and sales starting right after Halloween. With concerns about crowds, retailers will likely save a lot of their inventory for online sales. To avoid parking lot chaos, try to pick up your purchases first thing in the morning or later in the evening, when wait times should be shorter.
Outlets Are Online Too
If one of your holiday shopping traditions is a trip to the outlets, you can still experience the thrill of the bargain hunt—from home. Shoppremiumoutlets.com is the virtual version of the country’s largest outlet company. In someways, it’s even better than an in-person trip because you can shop by item or category and immediately see what different retailers have in stock, rather than going store to store .
When to Shop
Not on Thanksgiving: Many stores that opened their doors on the holiday last year have announced that they will be closed this year. One upside for shoppers is rock-bottom prices as some stores liquidate (清仓). The downsides: They might not be around if you need to return something or use a gift card. In other words: Bankruptcy buyers beware.
1. Which is the best time to send gifts?| A．October 30. | B．December 9. | C．December 15. | D．December 24. |
| A．Shoppers can only buy items online. |
| B．Shopping on Thanksgiving is the best choice. |
| C．Popular products might sell out fast only in stores. |
| D．Shoppers may see a good price for an item right after Halloween. |
| A．People who are money-less. | B．People who like shopping at home. |
| C．People who are retailers. | D．People who are fond of bargains. |
9 . Healthy See, Healthy Do
Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy. But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases. The location of store displays (摆放) also influences our shopping choices.
The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food. Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks.
Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city’s crowded urban checkout areas, so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study.
Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed, just 4 percent bought anything from the checkout area. Among those who did, however, customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines.
The potential influence may seem small, but Adjoian believes that changing more checkout lines would open customers’ eyes to nutritious, lower-calorie foods. Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City.
| A．These foods give people more energy. |
| B．They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often. |
| C．And it may make or break some healthy eating habits. |
| D．The supermarkets began to offer nutritious, lower-calorie foods. |
| E．These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health. |
| F．They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter. |
| G．And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior. |
