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2 . As Christmas approached, the price of turkey went wild. It didn’t rocket, as some might suggest. Nor did it crash. It just started waving. We live in the age of the variable prices. In the eyes of sellers, the right price—the one that will draw the most profit from consumers’ wallets—has become the focus of huge experiments. These sorts of price experiments have become a routine part of finding that right price.
It may come as a surprise that, in buying a pie, you might be participating in a carefully designed social-science experiment. But this is what online comparison shopping has brought. Simply put, the convenience to know the price of anything, anytime, anywhere, has given us, the consumers, so much power that sellers—in a desperate effort to regain the upper hand, or at least avoid extinction—are now staring back through the screen. They are trying to “comparison shopping” us.
They have enough means to do so: the huge data tracks you leave behind whenever you place something in your online shopping cart with top data scientists capable of turning the information into useful price strategies, and what one tech economist calls “the ability to experiment on a scale that’s unimaginable in the history of economics.”
In result, not coincidentally, normal pricing practices—an advertised discount off the “list price,” two for the price of one, or simply “everyday low prices” are giving way to far more crazy strategies.
“In the Internet era, I don’t think anyone could have predicted how complicated these strategies have become,” says Robert Dolan, a professor at Harvard. The price of a can of soda in a vending machine can now vary with the temperature outside. The price of the headphones may depend on how budget-conscious your web history shows you to be. The price may even be affected by the price of the mobile phone you use for item search. For shoppers, that means price—not the one offered to you right now, but the one offered to you 20 minutes from now, or the one offered to me, or to your neighbor—may become an increasingly unknowable thing. “There used to be one price for something,” Dolan notes. Now the true price of pumpkin-pie spice is subject to a level of uncertainty.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.When holidays come, prices are usually increased. |
B.The right price to sellers is the one to bring biggest profits. |
C.The right price is fixed although it’s hard to find it. |
D.To buy a pie, customers have to become an expert in economy. |
A.reflect on the effect of the Internet |
B.analyze customers’ online buying history for price strategy |
C.double check the existence of the purchase |
D.find out online where the lowest prices are |
A.The instant mood of the buyer at the time of purchase. |
B.The necessity level of the item at the time of purchase. |
C.The extent to which the buyer is sensitive to the price. |
D.The price of the facility the buyer uses to look for the item. |
A.The advantages of online shopping over traditional shopping. |
B.Measures sellers take to maximize profits. |
C.The analysis of pricing mechanism. |
D.The battle between buyers and sellers in Internet age. |
A. justify B. trend C. theory D. restricted E. diversifying F. obviously G. termed H. climate I. suddenly J. seeking K. evident |
The Lipstick Effect
In 2020, the world was plunged into an economic downturn as the COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread closures to businesses. Under these circumstances, millions of people
The lipstick effect refers to the phenomenon of consumers spending on small luxury goods even when an economic depression occurs. This phenomenon was
So, how exactly do consumers who are short of cash
Whatever the causes of the lipstick effect, this phenomenon is no short-lived
A.A phone with an up-to-date operating system. |
B.A new model with a different size and color. |
C.A model that has the longest-lasting battery. |
D.A phone with an automatic filming function. |
A.It may not be as efficient as the old one. |
B.It takes much time to get used to a new phone. |
C.She can’t afford to buy a new phone. |
D.She doesn’t like the new applications. |
A.Their phones are regularly updated. |
B.They are both interested in digital technology. |
C.They both had data stolen from the phones. |
D.Their old phones were bought about 2 years ago. |
A.Improving productivity at work. | B.Enlarging the phone storage. |
C.Buying a new smartphone. | D.Increasing phone security. |
Does the word “imperfect” always convey negative feeling? Have you ever walked to the local grocery store’s produce(农产品) section, only
One such business is Imperfect Produce, a start-up that delivers fresh ugly produce to consumers, with
While this movement might be a new trend here in the US, it’s already gained serious popularity in Europe. In 2014, the European Union announced the Year Against Food Waste, with a French grocery chain
Buying these unfortunate-looking foods should be appealing to consumers not only
The growing amount of food waste is a major global problem. Each year, some 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted. Waste is, in fact,
A.At home | B.At a gym. | C.At a store. |
1. What do we know about the woman?
A.She is placing an order. |
B.She is filling in a form. |
C.She is asking for some information. |
A.In a week. | B.In two weeks. | C.In two months. |
A.Everything will be ready in advance. |
B.The product is better. |
C.It is cheaper. |
1. What does the man think of self-service supermarket?
A.Unsafe. | B.Convenient. | C.Time-consuming. |
A.Collecting shopping data. |
B.Signing in when shopping. |
C.Reading advertisement messages. |
A.In a supermarket. |
B.In a self-service store. |
C.In a convenience store. |
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10 . Livestreaming (直播) through channels such as Amazon Live and QVC is an increasingly popular way to sell goods online. It usually lasts between 5 and 10 minutes, and someone promotes a product. Viewers can then readily buy it by clicking on a link.
We analyzed 99,451 sales cases on a livestream selling platform and matched them with actual sales cases. In terms of time, that is equal to over 2 million 30-second television advertisements.
To determine the emotional (情绪的) expression of the salesperson, we used two deep learning models: a face model and an emotion model. The face model discovers the presence or absence of a face in a frame (镜头) of a video stream. The emotion model then determines the probability that a face is exhibiting any of the six basic human emotions: happiness, sadness, surprise, anger, fear or disgust. For example, smiling signals a high probability of happiness, while an off-putting expression usually points toward anger.
We wanted to see the effect of emotions expressed at different times in the sales cases so we counted probabilities for each emotion for all 62 million frames in our database. We then combined these probabilities with other possible aspects that might drive sales—such as price and product characteristics—to judge the effect of emotion.
We found that, perhaps unsurprisingly, when salespeople show more negative emotions-such as anger and disgust—the volume of sales went down. But we also found that a similar thing happened when the salespeople show high levels of positive emotions, such as happiness or surprise.
A likely explanation, based on our research, is that smiling can be unpleasant because it lacks true feelings and can reduce trust in the seller. A seller’s happiness may be taken as a sign that the seller is gaining interests at the customer’s expense.
1. What can we know about the livestreaming in the first paragraph?A.It damages the physical economy. |
B.It helps to sell the products abroad. |
C.It helps big companies promote all goods. |
D.It is very convenient for the buyers to buy goods. |
A.By analyzing previous data. | B.By referring to a theory. |
C.By giving some examples. | D.By concluding different views |
A.Surprising. | B.Delighting. | C.Displeasing. | D.Embarrassing. |
A.Livestreamers Sell Products Successfully |
B.Expressions Affect Selling Products Online |
C.Emotions and Faces: What’s the Difference |
D.Smiling Can Increase the Sales in Reality |