1 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Is Counting Calories Good for Weight Loss?

Mark Haub, who teaches nutrition as Kansas State University, wanted to prove to his students that weight loss is simply about calories. Therefore, for ten weeks, the professor started to eat an 1,800-calorie diet     1     (consist) of a Twinkie (奶油蛋糕) every three hours. He also dined on other junk food.

When he started, Haub tipped the scale at 201 pounds,    2     for his weight was considered overweight. By the end of his snack-food test, he       3     (lose) 27 pounds. The story went viral, with the media     4     (call) Haub’s eating plan the Twinkie Diet.

Haub’s message has been standard advice for more than a century. According to many experts, it all comes down to straightforward math:     5     you take in fewer than you burn, you lose weight. Countless millions who struggle with their weight dutifully track their calorie intake, but eventually many discover that all the counting is in vain.

One reason is that calorie counts are not always accurate. The Food and Drug Administration allows numbers on nutrition labels    6     (be) off by as much as 20 percent, and usually the error is undercount. That means, for example, that ice cream claiming to have 180 calories per serving may actually have 215.

Listed calories may also be wrong     7     the way our bodies digest certain foods. Take almonds (杏仁), for instance. Nutrition labels show them to have up to 170 calories per ounce. But this number does not take into account the fact that almonds pass through the intestines (肠) partly undigested. The actual count is 129—a sizable difference.

So, counting calories     8     be effective for weight loss in the short term, but for most people, it eventually fails to help us lose weight and leads to food choices and eating habits that damage our health.     9     (focus) only on calories can result in too little of       10     your body really needs.

2 .

A．Have a blood test.	B．Drink less wine.
C．Consume more alcohol.	D．Watch his weight.

3 . Despite the fact that burgers, chips and fries are known as some of the most unhealthy food we can eat, they are still the most popular food.

There are a few reasons behind that. First, junk food is generally easy to get and take with you. This convenience is a major draw for many, especially people who are always on the go. Restaurants like McDonald’s and KFC can be found outside many schools and workplaces, providing meals in under a minute.

Secondly, junk food contains a lot of added sugar and fat. This kind of food causes our brain to send out certain chemicals, which produce the feeling of relaxation, pleasure and enjoyment. That’s why such food is called “comfort food”.

Thirdly, our ancestors didn’t have such easy access to the huge variety of food we come across every day. They didn’t have the convenience of having food as easily as we do. So they made it a habit to eat as much as they could to survive and protect themselves from the hard natural conditions. The cave mentality (心理) is passed down to us, which makes us believe that we can never have enough food that is high in sugar and fat, no matter how crazily we eat.

Besides, when we are too worried and tired to relax, our body produces cortisol (皮质醇), which increases the sugar content in the blood, so it can be used as energy to aid in fat and carbohydrate metabolism (碳水化合物代谢). Additionally, it is also found to increase hunger. That’s the reason why when we’re thinking about unpleasant things, we prefer foods that are high in sugar, fat and carbohydrate, that is to say unhealthy food.

1. Why are McDonald’s and KFC mentioned?

A．To show they take up the best site.	B．To show they provide good service.
C．To show they are famous for their taste.	D．To show they make junk food easy to get.

2. What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 4?

A．We need all kinds of food.	B．Our ancestors lived a hard life.
C．We are born to eat more than we need.	D．It is difficult for us to change our habits.

3. What is a cause of the increase of sugar content in our body?

A．Too much stress.	B．A wish for food.
C．A fast metabolic rate.	D．Not having enough energy.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．How harmful junk food is.	B．Why fast food is so delicious.
C．How we can develop a healthy lifestyle.	D．Why we love unhealthy food so much.

4 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Which is a superfood according to the man?

A．Yogurt.

B．Noodles.

C．Rice.

2. Why are superfoods healthy?

A．Because they cure some terrible diseases.

B．Because they fight against some cancers.

C．Because they reduce the risks of some diseases.

3. Which food will the woman be adding to their family diet?

A．Fish.

B．Tomatoes.

C．Brown rice.

5 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What does Tom usually have for lunch?

A．A cup of coffee and some sandwiches.

B．A sandwich and some fruit.

C．A sandwich and a cup of coffee.

2. Why doesn’t he want to eat anything for dinner sometimes?

A．Because he doesn’t feel well.

B．Because he is too tired.

C．Because he hasn’t enough time.

3. What do you think of Tom from the passage?

A．He has been over working.

B．He has been seriously ill.

C．He has been eating properly.

6 . 假如你是李华，你的朋友迈克(Mike)在饮食方面存在一些问题：不太喜欢吃蔬菜、鸡蛋和粗粮；不爱喝牛奶。请就以下要点给他写封信，建议他改变这种不良的饮食习惯。
要点：1.平衡膳食结构的重要性；2.新鲜蔬菜、鸡蛋、粗粮、牛奶等与身体健康的关系；3.祝他身体健康,学习进步。
注意：可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：粗粮coarse grain；效率efficiency
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7 . Large Study Details Years of Brain Changes in Alzheimer’s Patients

A long-term study in China has shown that a series of changes take place in the brains of people who get Alzheimer’s disease long before they present signs of the sickness.

    1     The individuals were examined on a regular basis during that period. The researchers used brain imaging, spinal fluid (脊髓液) checks and other tools to collect data.

The researchers reported that the study subjects who later developed Alzheimer’s showed high levels of disease-linked protein in their spinal fluid.     2     Then every few years, the study detected another so-called biomarker of coming trouble.

Scientists still do not know exactly how Alzheimer’s forms. The disease slowly destroys the brain, affecting the ability to think. Alzheimer’s patients develop proteins called beta-amyloid and tau, which over time build up into plaques (斑块) that block brain processes. The new research, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, offers a timeline for how these proteins develop.

Scientists already knew that in rare, genetic forms of Alzheimer’s that affect young people, a poisonous form of amyloid starts developing about 20 years ahead of symptoms. At some point after that, tau develops as well.     3    

“The more we know about Alzheimer’s treatment targets and when to address them, the better and faster we will be able to develop new therapies and preventions,” said Claire Sexton, director of scientific programs with the Alzheimer’s Association. She noted that blood tests are coming soon that promise to also help by making it easier to find amyloid and tau.

More than 6 million Americans, and millions more worldwide, have Alzheimer’s. There is no cure. But last year, Leqembi became the first approved drug that could slow the worsening of early Alzheimer’s for a few months.     4     Other drugs are being developed to target tau.

A．The drug works by clearing away some of the amyloid protein.

B．The large study followed middle-aged and older adults for 20 years.

C．Knowledge of the timing of these events is critical for preventing Alzheimer’s.

D．The new findings show the order of such biomarker changes common to age-related Alzheimer’s.

E．The higher levels were recorded as much as 18 years before the patients were identified as having Alzheimer’s.

F．The researchers compared 648 people who were later found with Alzheimer’s to an equal number who remained healthy.

8 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Who is the speaker?

A．A nurse.

B．A doctor.

C．A student.

2. What can be said about British people?

A．Some of them save many lives.

B．Not many have life-saving skills.

C．They learn early how to save lives.

3. What is the speaker mainly talking about?

A．Research on first aid.

B．Where first aid is taught.

C．Teaching first aid to children.

9 . 听下面一段独白，并填写空白。

How to Reduce the Risk of Heart Disease

Eat healthy food.	·A heart-healthy diet includes foods that are     1     in fats, sugars, and salt. ·Heart-healthy foods include seeds, fruits and vegetables and certain fats, like plant oil and fish.
2    .	·Adults need at least 2 hours and 30 minutes of activity each week. ·It includes walking fast, dancing and riding a bike.
3     if necessary.	People who weigh too much have a higher risk for heart disease and other health problems.
Say no to smoking.	Don’t smoke, and     4     other people’s smoke.
5     stress.	·It can help prevent serious health problems. ·Deep breathing and thinking are good ways to relax.

10 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. essential     B. processed     C. challenges     D adapt     E. switching F. available     G. large-scale     H. strategies     I. opting     J. significant     K. fresh

Cutting Salt May Lower Blood Pressure as Much as Medication

Reducing daily salt intake by just one teaspoon, equivalent to approximately 2,200 milligrams of sodium(钠), can lead to a blood pressure drop comparable to that achieved with prescription antihypertension (抗高血压) medication, reveals a recent study. Conducted on 213 individuals aged 50 to 75, the research included participants both on and off blood pressure medication. Regardless of their initial measurements, all groups experienced a(n)     1     reduction in blood pressure after a week on a low-sodium diet.

The study     2     the common notion that only those not taking medication benefit from salt reduction. Notably, the blood pressure decrease observed was similar to the effect seen when individuals start hypertension medication. The investigation aims to shed light on how excess salt raises blood pressure, aside from the conventional theory of increased water retention causing hypertension.

While sodium is     3     for bodily functions, humans, evolutionarily did not     4     to a high-sodium diet. The average daily sodium intake in the U.S. is around 3,400 milligrams, mainly sourced from     5     and restaurant foods, exceeding the recommended 2,300 milligrams by the FDA. Encouraging people to reduce salt intake proves challenging and experts suggest     6     to lower-sodium options instead of mere reduction. One proposal is transitioning from regular sodium chloride to a blend of 75% sodium chloride and 25% potassium chloride, a form of salt     7     in health food stores.

Changing dietary habits presents a puzzle, but historical precedents, like the introduction of iodized (含碘的) salt in1924 to combat pediatric goiters (儿科甲状腺肿), show that     8     shifts are possible.

Although potassium-supplemented (含钾的) salt may not be mainstream yet, it could become a future staple (基本食物) for those aiming to lower sodium intake. For now, cooking at home and     9     for lower-sodium remain practical     10     for individuals mindful of their salt consumption.