1 . Scientists from Tufts University have developed tiny groups of human cells that can move on their own-and in a lab experiment, these so-called “anthrobots” inspired sheets of human neurons to repair themselves when damaged. The researchers hope the collections of cells could one day be used to treat diseases or aid with healing in humans.

The study comes on the heels of earlier work from one of its authors, who produced tiny robots by stitching together frog embryo cells. These robots, known as “xenobots”, could assemble themselves, move across surfaces and travel through liquid.

Since they're not made from human cells, xenobots can't be used to treat humans, writes Matthew Hutson, a freelance science writer. But the anthrobots in the new study could theoretically. Each anthrobot started with a single cell from an adult human lung. It then grew into a multicellular biobot after being cultured (培养) for two weeks.

These lung cells are covered in cilia. But at this point in the research, the cilia were growing inside the clumps of cells. So, for the next week, the researchers grew the cells in a solution (溶液) that caused the cilia to face outward instead, enabling these structures to move the anthrobots, which could move in tight loops, travel in straight lines or wiggle in place. Their speed varied as well.

The researchers also tested how these robots might heal wounds. They mimicked (模拟) a wound by scratching a layer of neurons in a dish. Then, they introduced anthrobots to the site of the scratch, and within days, the neurons regrew, bridging the gap created by the wound. The findings show new structures that might have uses in biomedical settings can be developed without gene editing and without having to design the structures manually, the study authors write.

“Unlike xenobots, anthrobots don't require tools to give them shape, and we can use adult cells-even cells from elderly patients-instead of embryonic cells,” says Gizem Gumuskaya, the paper's lead author. "We can produce these robots in large amounts in parallel, which is a good start for developing a therapeutic tool.”

1. How are the advantages of the anthrobot highlighted in the text?

A．By showing comments from users.	B．By explaining some terms.
C．By making comparisons.	D．By listing the data of questionnaires.

2. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．The weaknesses of the anthrobot.	B．The culture of the anthrobot.
C．The structure of the anthrobot.	D．The application of the anthrobot.

3. What is the feature of the anthrobot?

A．It can travel both on land and in water.	B．It requires no genetic modification.
C．It can be applied in a controlled way.	D．It can develop from any cells of humans.

4. What can the study benefit?

A．Regenerative medicine.	B．New materials.
C．Environmental protection.	D．Individualized education.

2 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

John Brown is a college student, who is performing well in all aspects. But when he was two years old, he suffered from autism (孤独症) that delayed his brain’s growth. The basic symptoms included inability to pick up social cues, a refusal to interact with friends or family, and a lack of skills in processing speech, thinking and learning.

John’s parents, who were teachers, were initially shocked at the revelation. What’s worse, they learned the bad news that John was going to become blind when he grew up. Even so, they kept his illness as a secret under medical advice, and were always there for their son.

As little John was at school, he began to notice how other kids were able to answer questions in class a lot faster than he did. Because of his significantly slow thinking, it took him many minutes to come up with an answer to the best of his abilities. But he worked harder than other classmates for his coursework, such as sitting in front of the class to read the words on the blackboard better, and spending longer time studying to pass tests.

John’s parents still stood by him, encouraging him and saying, “You are the best!” They recorded every detail of his growth in a notebook. But they were not prepared for how the following events positively changed their son’s life forever. Through primary and secondary schools, John began to change from keeping to himself to interacting with his classmates.

When he entered the college, he joined the marching band, something he never had any interest in, but his mom convinced him that it was a great way to not only make friends, but also help gain more confidence in himself. Later, he played the trumpet (小号) well and got along well with the band members.

At the same time, he showed his talent for creative writing and wrote his first essay about a brave man. His thinking ability and imagination made leaps. As he got even older, he taught his fellow classmates how to write essays well, and even shared what original pieces he wrote with them, despite the fact he was still unaware about his illness.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

However, one day when John came home from college, he accidentally found a medical chart in his parents’ room.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Now, as an excellent college student, John is full of confidence and hope.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3 . Savanna Lorpu Karmue, 11, is a student, author, activist, and possibly one of our next great cardiologists (心脏病学家). Her inspiring story started with her favourite Sunday school teacher who was about to have a (n) _________ because of a serious heart attack. After she _________ the teacher in the hospital, Savanna’s curiosity led her towards a deep _________of the heart and its importance to the human body._________ by her supporting parents to research related matters of the heart, Savanna learned that one in three of teenagers were_________ from childhood obesity (肥胖), which can lead to heart disease.

She _________ making videos, named Happy Heart Advice, sharing with the world _________ to have a better health and create a healthy heart. Until 2016, Happy Heart Advice had provided over 300,000 children with _________ for healthy living. In June 2017, she was invited as a_________ at an international conference, where she shared __________ information on how to __________ healthy eating to everyday adolescent lifestyles. She was __________ by the American Heart Association for her __________ in the health community at such an early age. She’s currently__________ an app that will make it easier for moms and families to make conscious efforts to __________ “Happy Heart-approved food” instead of grabbing whatever catches their eye in a grocery store.

1.

A．training

B．appointment

C．lecture

D．operation

2.

A．persuaded

B．visited

C．consulted

D．cured

3.

A．explanation

B．appreciation

C．affection

D．expectation

4.

A．Moved

B．Forced

C．Begged

D．Encouraged

5.

A．dying

B．learning

C．suffering

D．benefiting

6.

A．began

B．avoided

C．admitted

D．denied

7.

A．ways

B．dreams

C．love

D．money

8.

A．food

B．reports

C．education

D．statistics

9.

A．speaker

B．doctor

C．performer

D．hostess

10.

A．abstract

B．extra

C．brief

D．practical

11.

A．limit

B．reduce

C．apply

D．compare

12.

A．impressed

B．confused

C．honored

D．protected

13.

A．influence

B．generosity

C．knowledge

D．power

14.

A．commenting on

B．working on

C．showing off

D．putting off

15.

A．preserve

B．process

C．deliver

D．purchase

4 . If you were born after 2008 in New Zealand, you’ll never ever be allowed to buy a pack of cigarettes there. In new legislation (立法) expected to take hold next year, no cigarettes or tobacco products will be available for people to purchase legally in the country. That means anyone who is 14 as of today will never be allowed to buy them in New Zealand. The four-year Smokefree Aotearoa 2025 Action Plan hopes to reduce rates of smoking for older people while completely banning sales for the younger population.

Associate health minister Dr. Ayesha Verall, who announced the government’s plan, said the country is concentrating on a “smoke-free generation” with this legislation. “We want to make sure young people never start smoking so we will make it an offense to sell or supply smoked tobacco products to new population of youth.” said Verall in a statement.

The move comes as New Zealand’s health ministry pursues a large-scale crackdown (打压) on tobacco in the country. In April 2021, the country’s parliament announced its goal of being smoke free by 2025, arming to slowly reduce phase out, then entirely cut the prosper of smoking. There are already existing barriers to tobacco products in New Zealand, including high taxes and plain packaging on cigarettes.

“Clinical studies have shown that dramatically reducing nicotine levels in cigarettes makes at far easier for people to quit.” said Verall in parliament. “So the action plan will see New Zealand transition to low-nicotine cigarettes. This is a major change but it is based on clinical research and it is realistic, because with vapes (电子烟) widely available, there is a far less harmful option available for smokers who are addicted to nicotine. While vapes were introduced as a way to reduce cigarette consumption, they remain harmful according to research Vapes are also particularly appealing to young people, who have long been the target people for the product.

1. What is the Smokefree Aotearoa 2025 Action Plan expected to do?

A．Promote rapes in New Zealand.	B．Decrease smoking in New Zealand.
C．Reduce nicotine levels in cigarettes.	D．Ban selling cigarettes in New Zealand.

2. What does the underlined word “offense” probably mean in paragraph 2?

A．Expensive matter.

B．Honorable deed.

C．Illegal deed.

D．Easy affair.

3. Which is not a measure taken to crackdown on tobacco in New Zealand?

A．Raising taxes.

B．Packaging plainly.

C．No selling to teenagers.

D．Ban on planting.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．New Zealand cigarette ban	B．Benefits of vapes
C．Harm caused by smoking	D．New Zealand legislation on health

5 . Does Drinking Alcohol Make You Gain Weight?

If you are trying to maintain a healthy weight, the first step is to look at what you’re eating regularly and assess whether it helps you meet your nutritional goals.     1     What you drink is a big factor as well, so there are a few things you may want to know about alcohol intake and body composition.

Alcohol’s high in calories.

In general, alcohol is high in calories.     2     When you look at mixers like juices, soda, cream, whipped cream? or coconut milk, the calories in an alcoholic beverage can be really high.

    3    

Hormones（荷尔蒙）play a crucial role in the healthy functioning of all the body`s tissues and organs. Drinking alcohol can impair the functions of the brain parts that release hormones and the functions of the tissues targeted by those hormones, which can result in a range of health issues.

Alcohol makes it harder to get quality sleep.

    4     However, consumption of alcohol—especially in excess—has been linked to poor sleep quality and duration. In fact, individuals who are dependent on alcohol commonly experience insomnia（失眠）symptoms.

It can make you feel hungry.

After a couple of drinks, you're more likely to grab whatever quick and easy snack without really thinking about it.     5     First of all, alcohol can cause blood sugar levels to dip. Also, it's found that alcohol affects an area of the brain that controls appetite and this can cause intense hunger after drinking.

There's also evidence that excessive alcohol consumption has been linked to an increased risk of cancer, heart disease, mental illness, and other problems.

A．It's not unusual for people to use alcohol as a sleep aid.

B．Protein and carbohydrates have 4 calories per gram but alcohol has 7.

C．Those hunger pangs are caused by a couple of different things.

D．But it`s not just about food.

E．Alcohol keeps your body from burning fat.

F．Those intense hunger cues can make you reach for high-calorie foods.

G．It messes with your hormones.

6 . Could a daily walk be even better for our health than we thought? Several new studies show that walking not only burns fat, but also boosts longevity (长寿)and has a dramatic anti-ageing effect on the body.

In the latest of these findings, due to be published in the journal Communications Biology in the next few weeks, Thomas Yates, a professor at the University of Leicester, showed that walkers who adopt a quick pace can have a biological age 15 years younger than those who take their time. Yates and his team looked at the length of telomeres (端粒)of chromosomes(染色体)in 405,981 middle-aged adults in the UK. As we grow older, our telomeres shorten, which results in accelerated cell ageing. “If we can keep them long for as long as possible, it acts as a buffer against ageing,” says Yates.

Their findings follow a review and analysis of 15 studies on walking involving almost 50,000 people that was published this week. Amanda Paluch at the University of Massachusetts Amhers confirmed that daily walking improves health and longevity, but more daily steps are better only up to a point. For adults under 60, Paluch showed a daily total of 8,000-10,000 steps was best for reducing risk of early death, while 6,000-8,000 steps was enough for the over-60s.

Walking has also recently been shown to strengthen the blood flow to the brain. In one of the largest studies, researchers revealed that 20 minutes of quick walking most days from middle age onwards will lower the risk of dementia (痴呆). Professor Edward Zamrini says, “The idea that you can reduce your risk for Alzheimer's disease by simply increasing your activity is very promising.”

Even in people with some existing age-related memory damage, walking can work wonders, as a year-long study in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease showed. “Walking is by far the best medicine we have for a healthy life,”says Yates.

1. What did Thomas Yates' study find about fast walking?

A．It causes a damaging effect on the body.

B．It slows down the process of cell ageing.

C．It increases the number of chromosomes.

D．It shortens middle-aged adults' telomeres.

2. What does the underlined word “buffer” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Something shortening telomeres.

B．Something speeding up cell ageing.

C．Something counting the walking pace.

D．Something helping protect from harm.

3. What did Amanda Paluch consider when doing research?

A．Body shape.	B．Age group.
C．Occupation type.	D．Sample size.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．How daily walking helps burn fat

B．Why walking is the best midlife exercise

C．How many daily steps are better for adults

D．Whether walking reduces the risk of dementia

7 . Climate change in the coming decades could lead to an increase in cases of kidney stones(肾结石), according to a research by scientists in the United States.

A research team from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia knew from previous studies that high temperatures and dehydration (脱水) increase the risk of developing kidney stones. The researchers said incidence (发生率) of the condition has increased in the last 20 years.

The scientists created a model to estimate the impact of heat on future kidney stone presentations in the southeastern US state of South Carolina, which has a higher incidence of kidney stone disease. The model predicted that the number of cases will increase between 2.2 percent and 3.9 percent by the year 2089, depending on projected daily temperatures under two climate change circumstances. In the first case, greenhouse gas emissions (排放物) are cut to an middle level as humans shift to using lower-emissions sources of energy, while in the second, emissions continue at the current rate. Meanwhile, in the first case, average temperatures increase by 2.3℃ by 2100, compared with 3.6℃ in the second. These projections were taken from studies made by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

In comments with a news release, Gregory E Tasian, a urologist at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and senior author of the study, said, “While it is impossible to predict with certainty how future policies will slow or speed greenhouse gas emission and anthropogenic (人为的) climate change, and to know exactly what future daily temperatures will be, our analysis suggests that a warming planet will likely cause an increased burden of kidney stone disease on healthcare systems. As researchers, we have a duty to explore the burden of climate change on human health.”

1. Why does the author talk about temperature increase?

A．To find the reason of climate change.

B．To estimate the burden of kidney stones.

C．To predict the strength of greenhouse gas emissions.

D．To confirm the increasing incidence of kidney stones.

2. How did the scientists start the study?

A．By creating a model.	B．By predicting the effect.
C．By collecting information.	D．By measuring temperatures.

3. What can be inferred about global warming?

A．It will increase daily temperatures greatly.

B．It will be predicted by the model accurately.

C．It will likely have bad effects on human health.

D．It will be certainly controlled by future polices.

4. What is the scientists’ attitude to the impact of climate change on kidney stones?

A．Ambiguous.	B．Concerned.
C．Cautious.	D．Doubtful.

8 . Helen Keller, American blind writer, said: if I were given three days to see, I would not want to see too many wonderful things.     1     Still let me quietly see the miracle of the night into the day, the blooming of flowers to wither, the changing of the sky white clouds. According to the above, we know eyes are so important for us.

National Eye Caring Day in China is on June 6th, which came from 1996.     2     They hoped to catch the public's attention to protect their eyes. Nowadays, many young people haven't realized the loss of sight, and have no idea to protect their eyes.     3    

Most people are born with good eyesight. But look at the students in college, we can see over ninety percent of them are wearing glasses.     4     So it is easy to get short sight. Though the students are asked to do eye exercise during the break time, still their sight becomes weaker.

    5     They should let children know the beauty of nature and spend more time to appreciate the scenery. Seeing different colors and taking a break after reading for a long time, we can protect our eyes. Parents shouldn't just give their children iPads when they feel annoyed.

A．It can do harm to our health and bring us trouble.

B．At that time the doctors advised the government to name a day.

C．Because when the darkness came, I would miss them too much.

D．So it is important to let the public know the ways to protect eyes.

E．What's more, a balanced diet is necessary to keep our eyes healthy.

F．Parents have the responsibility to supervise kids to protect their eyes.

G．The young generation often watch the electronic products for a long time.

9 . My Fellow Americans,

I have recently been told that I am one of the millions of Americans who will be suffering from Alzheimer's Disease(老年性痴呆).

Upon learning this news, Nancy and I had to decide whether as private citizens we would ________ this a private matter or we would make this news known in a ________ way.

In the past Nancy suffered from breast cancer ________ I had my cancer surgeries. We found through our open disclosures(透露的秘闻)we were able to ________ public awareness. We were happy that ________ many more people underwent testing. They were treated in early stages and able to ________ to normal, healthy lives.

So now, we feel it is ________ to share it with you. In opening our hearts, we hope this might promote greater ________ of this condition. Perhaps it will encourage a clearer understanding of the individuals and families who are ________ by it.

At the moment I feel just fine. I ________ to live the remainder of the years God gives me on this earth doing the things I have ________   done. I will continue to share ________ journey with my beloved Nancy and my family.   I plan to enjoy the great outdoors and stay in touch ________ my friends and supporters.

Unfortunately, as Alzheimer's Disease ________ , the family often suffers a lot. I only wish there was some way I could spare Nancy from this ________ experience. When the time comes I am confident that with your help she will ________ it with faith and courage.

In closing let me thank you, the American people for giving me the great honor of ________ me to serve as your President. When the Lord calls me home, ________ that may be, I will leave with the greatest love for this country of ours and endless optimism for its future.

I now begin this ________ that will lead me into the sunset of my life. I know that for America there will always be a bright ________ ahead.

Thank you my friends. May God always bless you.

Sincerely

Ronald Reagan

1.

A．stay

B．hold

C．keep

D．pretend

2.

A．proper

B．good

C．public

D．suitable

3.

A．so

B．but

C．or

D．and

4.

A．raise

B．make

C．take

D．turn

5.

A．by the way

B．as a result

C．on condition that

D．as a whole

6.

A．repeat

B．recover

C．return

D．replace

7.

A．impossible

B．important

C．pitiful

D．obvious

8.

A．awareness

B．encouragement

C．concern

D．decision

9.

A．protected

B．affected

C．examined

D．controlled

10.

A．continue

B．like

C．love

D．intend

11.

A．finally

B．seldom

C．always

D．rarely

12.

A．life's

B．one's

C．other's

D．today's

13.

A．for

B．on

C．by

D．with

14.

A．cures

B．progresses

C．removes

D．advances

15.

A．meaningful

B．useful

C．careful

D．painful

16.

A．treat

B．see

C．face

D．consider

17.

A．having

B．allowing

C．Showing

D．declaring

18.

A．whoever

B．wherever

C．Whenever

D．whatever

19.

A．life

B．road

C．line

D．journey

20.

A．dawn

B．day

C．night

D．evening

10 . Many people get nervous on occasion, like when giving a speech or interviewing for a new job.     1     Society anxiety disorder involves intense fear of certain social situations –especially the ones that are unfamiliar or in which you feel you’ll be evaluated by others. These situations may be so frightening that they may disrupt your life in the process.

    2     You may be afraid that people will think badly of you or that you won’t measure up in comparison to others, Even though you probably realize that your fears are at least somewhat unreasonable, you still can’t help feeling anxious.

Although it many feel like you’re the only one with this problem, social anxiety is actually quite common.    3     But the situations that cause the symptoms of social anxiety disorder can be different. Some people experience anxiety in mast social situations. For others, anxiety is connected to specific social situations, such as speaking to strangers or performing in front of audiences.

Just because you occasionally get nervous in social situations doesn’t mean you have social anxiety disorder. Many people feel shy on occasion, yet it doesn’t get in the way of their everyday functioning.     4     But if you have social anxiety, you might worry for weeks ahead of time, or start shaking so had during the speech that you can hardly speak.

While it may seem like there’s nothing you can do about the symptoms of social anxiety disorder, in reality, there are many ways that can help.     5    

A．Many people struggle with these fears.

B．But social anxiety disorder is more than just occasional shyness.

C．For example, it’s perfectly normal to be nervous before giving a speech.

D．Focus your attention on other people, but not on what they’re thinking of you!

E．Understanding the reasons for your anxieties is one of the ways.

F．But no matter how shy you may be,   you can learn to be comfortable in social situations.

G．Basically, social anxiety disorder is the fear of being judged or embarrassed in public.