| A．Cold . | B．Cool. | C．Warm. |
| A．Cloudy. | B．Rainy. | C．Sunny. |
| A．Foggy. | B．Fine. | C．Rainy. |
| A．Cloudy. | B．Rainy. | C．Sunny. |
| A．Cold. | B．Cool. | C．Warm. |
6 . Women and girls already struggle with gender inequality, but when extreme weather damages a community, the UN found that inequalities worsen.
To explore the complex links between gender and climate change, CNN worked with seven women photojournalists to document the challenges women and girls face. This visual project gives a snapshot of the numerous ways climate crisis is changing their lives, but also shows how they are fighting back.
The Center for Girls’ Education runs a series of programs in Nigeria to help girls stay in school. One in every five of the world’s children who are out of school is in Nigeria, according to UNICEF, and it is girls who are impacted the most. More than 10 million children between 5 and 14 years old are absent from classrooms across Nigeria, according to UNICEF. For girls, the statistics are even bleaker: in states in the northeast and northwest of the country, fewer than half attend school.
This education crisis is the result of a tangle of factors, but against the backdrop of these individual factors is the broader context of the climate crisis. Nigeria is growing hotter and dryer, and extreme weather such as flash floods and landslides are becoming fiercer and more frequent. Climate disasters can make schools inaccessible and classrooms unsafe. Communities struggling to cope with extreme weather sometimes turn to their children to help or to earn extra money to support the family. And girls, whose attendance at school is already discouraged in some communities, are often most affected.
There are efforts to support girls’ education and equip them with the resources to cope with a fast-changing climate. The Center for Girls’ Education in the northern Nigerian city of Zaria runs programs to help girls stay in school and offers training on how to cope with the impacts of extreme weather. “I feel when we give the girls education on climate change, how to ease it, it will go a long way in helping the girls in how to support themselves in times of difficulties, and even help them prepare for it,” said Habiba Mohammed, director of the Center for Girls’ Education.
1. What does the underlined phrase “gives a snapshot of” mean in Paragraph 2?| A．Contrasts. | B．Strengthens. | C．Prevents. | D．Reveals. |
| A．By listing figures. | B．By making comparison. |
| C．By giving examples. | D．By drawing conclusions. |
| A．Tense family relationship. | B．Unbearable school pressure. |
| C．Worsening weather conditions. | D．Inaccessible community resources. |
| A．Costly. | B．Creative. |
| C．Short-lived. | D．Far-reaching. |
7 . According to a new study, many birds in the Amazon rainforest have become smaller as temperatures have increased. The difference hasn’t been obvious, but it has been significant enough that some scientists have suggested it’s a universal response to climate change.
But new research finds that the body size reductions aren’t happening across the board with some large-brained birds having much less significant changes.
For the study, researchers studied some data on about 70,000 birds that had died when they crashed into buildings in Chicago from 1978 to 2016. They added data on the brain volume and lifespan for 49 of the 52 species of migratory birds (候鸟) in the original study.
They found that birds with very large brains had reductions in overall body size that were about one-third of the reductions noted in birds with smaller brains. They thought that in birds, the species with big brains are the ones that build tools, manage to survive in tough environments, live longer, invest more time and energy into raising babies, and end up surviving better in the wild.
Researchers aren’t certain exactly how warmer temperatures might lead to decreasing body size in birds, but they are considering two possible explanations, which could even be happening at the same time. First, natural selection might be favoring birds that can dissipate heat better. This is because smaller birds have higher surface area to volume ratios (比例), so being small can help birds stay cool. Second, warmer summers might have less food available for birds at the time when they are feeding their babies. In that case, birds might be getting smaller because of decreased food over the years.
The findings don’t suggest that climate change is having zero impact on bigger-brained birds, but researchers believe these findings can inform us of climate change and help set conservation priorities.
1. How does climate change affect some birds according to the text?| A．Their lifespan shortens. | B．Their body size shrinks. |
| C．Their brain size expands. | D．Their body temperature rises. |
| A．By studying the bird death rate | B．By clarifying the bird species. |
| C．By analyzing historical data. | D．By observing 70,000 birds’ migration. |
| A．Use. | B．Lose. | C．Absorb. | D．Hold. |
| A．Climate Changes Sharply | B．Temperature Rises Globally |
| C．Birds’ Body Sizes Vary | D．Brain Size Matters for Birds |
| A．Rainy. | B．Cloudy. | C．Sunny. |
| A．Snowy. | B．Windy. | C．Rainy. |
1. What is the weather like today?
| A．Windy. | B．Sunny. | C．Cloudy. |
| A．In a park. | B．In a gym. | C．In a school. |
| A．For holiday. | B．For English study. | C．For a business trip. |
