| A．Their daily routine. | B．Their dormitory. | C．The weather. |
| A．A trip. | B．Food. | C．The weather. |
| A．Sunny | B．Windy. | C．Rainy. |
4 . Coffee is probably the world’s least expensive success power tool. Coffee builds better teams and increases your leadership ability. Coffee also increases your immunity. Unfortunately, we may not be enjoying the benefits or pleasures of coffee too much longer. According to ecologists, there’s a good chance that in 20 or 30 years, the varieties of coffee that we drink today will be extinct (灭绝的). And we’ll be drinking a coffee substitute that more or less resembles the drink we enjoy today.
The problem, of course, is the pace of climate change. Successful coffee cultivation has three preconditions: a warm, highly stable (稳定的) tropical (热带的) climate with altitudes that keep air temperature between 18 and 20 degrees Celsius, rich soil full of natural nutrients, and an ecological environment that’s pest and disease resistant.
Coffee is a crop that is only grown in a thin band called the “coffee belt” close to the equator (赤道). It simply won’t grow anywhere else. Unfortunately, the “coffee belt” is extremely vulnerable to climate change. If the air is too cold or too hot, it prevents the growth of the coffee plant. Climate change also creates environmental stress, which spreads parasites, pests and plant diseases. All of these increase the fragility of the coffee crop and create the possibility of species-destroying rot.
Unfortunately, almost all of these species exist only in Ethiopia, a country that climate change is already hammering. As the environmental nonprofit USAID points out: “Ethiopia is one of the world’s most drought-prone countries. The country is faced with numerous development challenges that exacerbate its weakness facing climate change including increases in temperature, unstable rainfall and unpredictability of seasonal rain, and increased incidences of drought and other extreme events.”
In other words, even as climate change threatens coffee as it exists today, climate change is also eating away at the root source which we might turn to for replacement species.
What to do? Well, take the time to savor each cup of coffee you drink. Beyond that, stop electing the politicians who deny climate change.
1. What is the author’s feeling about the future of coffee?| A．Helpless. | B．Bored. | C．Happy. | D．Concerned. |
| A．A tropical climate. | B．The rich soil. |
| C．The increasing temperature. | D．The stable rainfall. |
| A．remove | B．worsen | C．decrease | D．accept |
| A．Changing Climate for Coffee | B．Enjoy Coffee While You Can |
| C．Benefits from Coffee Drinking | D．Conditions for Coffee Planting |
| A．Windy. | B．Sunny. | C．Rainy. |
6 . One of the ocean’s noisiest creatures is smaller than you’d expect — snapping shrimp (鼓虾). They create a widespread background noise in the underwater environment, which helps them communicate, protect their homes and hunt for food. When enough shrimp snap (发出噼啪声) at once, the noise can be deafening.
Aran Mooney, a biologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, suggested that with increased ocean temperatures, snapping shrimp will snap more often and louder than before. This could raise the background noise of the global ocean. “They make a sound by closing a claw so fast. This makes a bubble (泡泡) and when that bubble bursts, it makes that snapping sound,” said Mooney.
Mooney discovered a strong relationship between warmer waters and more frequent snapping shrimp sounds after experimenting with the shrimp in tanks in the lab and by listening to the shrimp in the ocean at various water temperatures. “As the temperature rises, the snap rate increases,” he said. This makes sense because shrimp are essentially cold-blooded animals, meaning their body temperature and activity levels are largely controlled by their living environment. “We can actually show in the field that not only do snap rates increase, but the sound levels increase as well.”
How the louder snapping shrimp would affect or benefit the surroundings remained to be seen. “We know that fish use sound to communicate,” Mooney said. “If the environment gets noisy, it has the possibility to influence that communication. That’s something we have to follow up on.” There is also the possibility that the change of snapping shrimp affects machines humans use to discover mines, which could lead to unpleasant results.
1. What can we know about the snapping shrimp’s sound?| A．It aims to protect the shrimp. | B．It is important to the ecosystem. |
| C．It has different uses for the shrimp. | D．It is hard to be discovered by other creatures. |
| A．By observing snapping shrimp in the field. | B．By recording the snap rates in the lab. |
| C．By analyzing the way shrimp make noise. | D．By comparing shrimp’s sound in different places. |
| A．Other uses of shrimp’s sound. | B．Influences of the noise on other creatures. |
| C．Means of communication among fish. | D．Methods of stopping shrimp’s snapping. |
| A．Underwater World Is No Longer Quiet | B．Small Animals Make a Big Difference |
| C．Warming Oceans Are Getting Louder | D．Snapping Shrimp’s Noise Speaks Much |
| A．The weather. | B．Football games. | C．A weekend plan. |
| A．The stronger sunshine. | B．The heat given off by his car. | C．The pollution in the air. |
1. What are the highest temperatures in Northern India now?
| A．About 35℃. | B．Almost 40℃. | C．Over 45℃. |
| A．About 200. | B．About 1,000. | C．About 2,000. |
| A．Government projects will be done at night. |
| B．Bottles of water will be sold at low prices. |
| C．School days will be reduced. |
| A．Cooler. | B．All the same. | C．Hotter. |
| A．The weather. | B．Football games. | C．A weekend plan. |
