One of the ocean’s noisiest creatures is smaller than you’d expect — snapping shrimp (鼓虾). They create a widespread background noise in the underwater environment, which helps them communicate, protect their homes and hunt for food. When enough shrimp snap (发出噼啪声) at once, the noise can be deafening.
Aran Mooney, a biologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, suggested that with increased ocean temperatures, snapping shrimp will snap more often and louder than before. This could raise the background noise of the global ocean. “They make a sound by closing a claw so fast. This makes a bubble (泡泡) and when that bubble bursts, it makes that snapping sound,” said Mooney.
Mooney discovered a strong relationship between warmer waters and more frequent snapping shrimp sounds after experimenting with the shrimp in tanks in the lab and by listening to the shrimp in the ocean at various water temperatures. “As the temperature rises, the snap rate increases,” he said. This makes sense because shrimp are essentially cold-blooded animals, meaning their body temperature and activity levels are largely controlled by their living environment. “We can actually show in the field that not only do snap rates increase, but the sound levels increase as well.”
How the louder snapping shrimp would affect or benefit the surroundings remained to be seen. “We know that fish use sound to communicate,” Mooney said. “If the environment gets noisy, it has the possibility to influence that communication. That’s something we have to follow up on.” There is also the possibility that the change of snapping shrimp affects machines humans use to discover mines, which could lead to unpleasant results.
1. What can we know about the snapping shrimp’s sound?| A．It aims to protect the shrimp. | B．It is important to the ecosystem. |
| C．It has different uses for the shrimp. | D．It is hard to be discovered by other creatures. |
| A．By observing snapping shrimp in the field. | B．By recording the snap rates in the lab. |
| C．By analyzing the way shrimp make noise. | D．By comparing shrimp’s sound in different places. |
| A．Other uses of shrimp’s sound. | B．Influences of the noise on other creatures. |
| C．Means of communication among fish. | D．Methods of stopping shrimp’s snapping. |
| A．Underwater World Is No Longer Quiet | B．Small Animals Make a Big Difference |
| C．Warming Oceans Are Getting Louder | D．Snapping Shrimp’s Noise Speaks Much |
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【推荐1】Recently scientists have announced some good news: Several important tuna (金枪鱼) species have stepped back from the edge of extinction.
Two bluefin tuna species, a yellowfin, and an albacore are no. longer seriously endangered or have moved off the leading international list of endangered species entirely.
The unexpectedly fast recovery speaks to the success of efforts over the past decade to end overfishing. But tuna are not the only species scientists are thinking carefully at the 2021 World Conservation Congress in Marseille, France, which is organized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Researchers warn that many other sea species continued to be imperiled. For example, more than a third of the world’s sharks are still threatened with extinction due to overfishing, habitat loss, and climate change.
“I think the good news is that sustainable (可持续的) fishing industry is possible,” says Beth Polidoro, a biologist at Arizona State University. “We can eat fish without reducing the population to the point where it is on the road to dying out or extinction.” At the same time, she warns that the recovery should not encourage us to catch as many fish as we want. “We need to keep doing what’s working.” Polidoro adds.
The IUCN, which determines the world’s most endangered species on its Red List of Threatened Species, also announced at the meeting that some animals are moving in the other direction, onto the Red List. Like the Komodo dragon, an lizard (蜥蜴), it is at particular risk from climate change.
Of course, the work of protection is never over, and it will require close and continuous attention to make sure neither tuna nor Komodo dragons return to the edge of dying out. But for now, people can celebrate a few wins for the animal world.
1. What is the good news about tuna?| A．They have been removed from the list of endangered species. |
| B．The fishing of tuna has been put to an end completely. |
| C．The population of some tuna species has recovered. |
| D．The number of some tuna species increases slowly. |
| A．Dangerous. | B．Sustainable. |
| C．Disappointing. | D．Endangered. |
| A．To introduce a topic. | B．To make a comparison. |
| C．To explain an idea. | D．To give an example. |
| A．Positive. | B．Concerned. | C．Critical. | D．Doubtful. |
【推荐2】Lucca, a retired US Marine Corps dog, was awarded the PDSA Dickin Medal at a ceremony in Wellington Barracks in London on Tuesday. The award is considered the animal equivalent (相等的东西)）of the Victoria Cross and was given out by veterinary charity. People's Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA).
The 12-year-old German shepherd (牧羊犬)）completed over 400 separate missions during six years of service. In 2012, Lucca discovered a 301b explosive (爆炸的）device while on patrol (巡逻），and when she started searching for other devices ，a second exploded . She lost her left leg and suffered severe chest burns, but thanks to life-saving first aid from her handler , Corporal Juan ，she was saved and recovered.
None of the soldiers were hurt in the explosion which took Lucca’s leg. Corporal Juan said, "Through all of her treatment and in spite of the pain she was in, her temperament never changed. Her fighting spirit was still clear to see and I was so proud of how quickly she recovered. "
Lucca is the 67th animal to be awarded a PDSA Dickin Award and the first US Marine Corps dog. The award, started in 1943 by PDSA founder, Maria Dickin, has been previously awarded to 30 dogs, 32 WWII(World War II) carrier pigeons, three horses and one cat.
The medal was awarded to Lucca by PDSA Director General, Jan Mcloughlin, who said, "Lucca's bravery together with devotion to duty makes her a hugely deserving recipient (接受者) of the PDSA Dickin Medal. Her ability and determination to seek out arms and explosives protected human life.”
Lucca attended the ceremony with her current owner, Gunnery Sergeant Christopher Willingham. Willingham said, “Lucca is very smart and loyal, and had an amazing drive or work as a search dog. Besides her unbelievable detection abilities, she was instrumental in increasing morale (士气)for the armies we supported.”
1. What's the main idea of this passage?| A．It educates people to show respect for animals especially search dogs. |
| B．It is a story about a dog serving as a US Marine Corps during World War II. |
| C．It tells a three-legged hero dog that was awarded the PDSA Dickin Medal. |
| D．It gives an introduction of the foundation of PDSA and its founder. |
| A．She suffered serious leg burns. |
| B．She lost her left leg and suffered serious burns. |
| C．She saved many people although she lost her left legs. |
| D．She nearly lost two legs in the explosion |
| A．Lucca's courage and devotion to duty have earned great respect. |
| B．Lucca is the only dog to have been awarded the PDSA Dickin Medal. |
| C．Lucca s temperament changed greatly after her recovery. |
| D．Lucca's fighting spirit was damaged by the explosion accident. |
| A．It is awarded by the British government. |
| B．It is considered the animal equivalent of the Victoria Cross. |
| C．It was started in 1943 by the PDSA founder, Maria Dickin. |
| D．It has been previously awarded to other animals. |
【推荐3】＂Has anyone seen Charge?"I asked,only half expecting a reply.The kids were running around the house,each doing their own thing,and my husband was watching the football game. Since she had only been out of sight for a few hours,I wasn't overly concerned.I thought she must be under one of the kids' beds,hiding from all the mess that was normal for a Sunday afternoon in our home.
Charge was not good looking,to put it kindly.It wasn't her fault;she was simply gifted with the worst appearance in her background.
My husband had found Charge wandering along the freeway one day on his way home from work.She looked as though she hadn't eaten in weeks,so he stopped and fed her with bits of his leftover lunch.Not knowing what to do,he brought her home with the hope of finding her owners or at least a loving family that would take her.However,once she was in the house,the kids were determined not to let her go.After a day or two of begging,we unwillingly gave in and told them we could keep her.
After observing her actions for a few days,I found she was extremely distrustful and afraid of everyone.In time,though,she came to love the kids and slept on their beds every night.I wondered if what she had experienced had conditioned her to be protective of those who were hurting.Every time the kids cried,Charge would run to them and gently offer her comforting paw. Unlike our cat, who had recently given birth to five kittens,Charge would have been a great mother.
When I was finally able to get everyone's attention at the dinner table,I asked again if anyone had seen Charge.After an all-in-one voice"No",I decided to take a look around the neighborhood.
"Who wants to go look for Charge with me?" I asked as I opened the door of the hall closet and reached in to gel my shoes.
“Charge!"I cried,because there she was in the closet!She looked up at me from inside the little cats'box as if to say,"Shhh,I just got them to sleep!"
We usually kept the closet door open a bit so our mamma cat could go in and feed her kittens, but she always left as soon as she finished nursing.Obviously,Charge knew they needed more mamma time and was more than willing to help out.
The kids smiled upon seeing the dog with the kittens.My husband shook his head and said,“Only you,Charge.Only you!"
Charge continued to mother the kittens until they were placed in their new homes.Charge may not have been an attractive dog,but she truly had her inner beauty.
1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_| A．the kids were not willing to play with Charge |
| B．the author didn't worry too much about Charge |
| C．Charge liked playing hide-and-seek games with the kids |
| D．the author's husband was watching the football game with the kids |
| A．fed her with his lunch |
| B．decided to adopt her |
| C．felt pity for her |
| D．helped to find her owner |
| A．It was really an energetic hunter. |
| B．It was too selfish and lazy. |
| C．It was quite clean and lovely. |
| D．It was not a very caring mother. |
| A．prove one's past could influence their characteristics |
| B．indicate those who love the kids will be loved by others |
| C．inform a pet dog can bring both joy and sadness to its owner |
| D．show beauty isn't in the face but from the bottom of the heart |
| A．The most beautiful Charge |
| B．The greatest mamma |
| C．A loving story |
| D．A special Sunday |
【推荐1】Before the digital days, advertising agencies (公司) won endless contracts (合同) and sometimes created campaigns that influenced our cultural life and attracted the public.
Now it seems that nearly everything in the industry has changed. Agencies know consumers (消费者) very well, having collected huge stores of their information. But many of those consumers, especially the young people prized by advertisers, choose to pay more for advertisement blockers (拦截器) and subscription ( 订阅) services that allow them to avoid watching or listening to advertisements. At the same time, companies that hire ad agencies are wanting more from marketing campaigns — while paying less for them. As a result, the advertising industry faces a burning need for change, according to a report by the research company Forrester.
“It's harder to reach audiences, money spent in marketing is going up, the number of channels has sharply increased and advertisers have to pay more to cover all of those channels,” Jay Pattisall, the lead author of the report, said. “It's a continual pressure for marketers — we're no longer just creating advertising campaigns three or four times a year and running them across a few networks.”
Some agencies have begun rewarding consumers for looking at ads. But to reach audiences, advertisers must also use the tech-based methods in the creative process, according to the Forrester report. That includes automation and machine learning, which Forrester expects will change 80 percent of agency jobs by 2030. In July, JPMorgan Chase announced a deal with the ad tech company Persado that would use artificial intelligence (AI) to write marketing copy.
Chuck McBride, the founder of Cutwater, an advertising agency in San Francisco, said that changes in the industry would allow companies to express their creativity as they experiment with increasingly personalized advertising. “Things are really messed up, but there's a chance here,” he said. “The seriousness of the situation is greatly overstated.”
1. What is young consumers' attitude to advertisements?| A．They doubt them. | B．They show great interest in them. |
| C．They dislike them. | D．They consider them as part of their life. |
| A．Unnecessary changes. | B．Unfair competition. |
| C．The poor marketing. | D．The rising cost. |
| A．Provide more creative jobs. | B．Use new technologies. |
| C．Give consumers rewards. | D．Get ideas from consumers. |
| A．It is productive. | B．It is worrying. |
| C．It is hopeful. | D．It is unexpected. |
【推荐2】National Treasure has Chinese audiences fired up. But don't confuse it with the Hollywood action film of the same name, in which the hidden history of the United States going back around 250 years is discovered. In the Chinese show producers are lucky –China has a much longer history, and their plan to introduce relics is welcomed by the Palace Museum in the Forbidden City, and eight key province-level museums.
Yu Lei, director of the show, explained how items are chosen, "Our standard is not to choose the most precious items. We want the ones with most attractive stories. These cultural relics are like aged people. They have so much to tell us. If people are bored, there is something wrong with our methods," she said.
In each 100-minute period, three key exhibits from a museum are introduced by entertainment stars, called the "guardians of the national treasure", through short stage dramas, telling the history of the legends behind the items. Some lesser-known stories on how the items were unearthed are featured in the show. In the periods, people are also invited on stage to share their stories linked to such relics. Knowledge, entertainment, taste and an accessible approach have been put together in one show. When people see cultural relics in this lively way, they feel history.
The aim of the show is not to create a hit program but to attract more people to museums. More seasons of National Treasure are planned, and some treasures from the show are to be featured in a touring exhibition soon after the first season ends. A show like this fuels people's pride in their country.
1. We can learn that National Treasure is a(n) _______.| A．historical program aimed at creating a hot topic |
| B．Hollywood action film telling the whole American history |
| C．Chinese show introducing relics through short dramas |
| D．exhibition welcomed by nine province-level museums |
| A．like cultural relics whose stories can be told by aged people |
| B．choose some valuable items with most attractive stories behind |
| C．think something is wrong with their methods of choosing relics |
| D．don’t like the most precious items because they’re not attractive |
| A．Film experts. | B．Ordinary people. | C．Museum guides. | D．Entertainment stars. |
| A．Science | B．Health | C．Economy | D．Culture |
【推荐3】Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said, "The British are the only people who like to be told how bad things are." This is definitely true of British comedy. Most people think humor is about happy things, but for the British, the opposite is true. We love to use our cruel sense of humor to complain and be negative.
British comedy, for example, draws a fine line between comedy and tragedy. BBC's The Office is a TV show, famous for its dry humor. The main character, David Brent, is a foolish man, and the show's comedy comes from his delusions. For example, he often tells himself that he is loved by everyone but the viewer can see that everyone hates him.
Stupid characters for the audience to laugh at are an old tradition in Britain. In Shakespeare's play Twelfth Night, the character Malvolio is an old man whom people play tricks on. The audience will laugh away, although the reality is that this man is a truly tragic individual.
This side of British humor is reflected in friendships as well. At university, my friends and I would always laugh at one another. I had an American friend who actually found this sarcasm (挖苦) quite upsetting. She didn't realize that in Britain, the better friends you are with someone, the more you laugh at them.
This approach-laughing at everything-may sound rather depressing, but our strange humor played a big part in British history. In World War II, along with a stiff upper lip (坚定沉着),the British got through it by laughing. What else was there to do？
There is a saying in English: "Laugh and the world laughs with you; cry and you cry alone." If you are ever on the receiving end of British sarcasm, you may feel like crying, but it's best to just laugh it off！
1. How is British comedy different from other types?| A．It is often surprising and boring. |
| B．It often laughs at human nature. |
| C．It often makes people feel depressed. |
| D．It is often about negative things. |
| A．To show one of the best examples of British comedy. |
| B．To prove Britain has a long tradition of laughing at stupid characters. |
| C．To show how difficult it is to make people accept British comedy. |
| D．To explain how Shakespeare's comedy is different. |
| A．Reply sarcastically. |
| B．Don't take it seriously. |
| C．Learn from it. |
| D．Be careful not to make stupid mistakes. |
New Delhi recorded a maximum temperature of 43.7ºC on Saturday, indicating a hot summer in the next two months in the nation’s capital and other parts of northern and eastern India. The highest temperature in the past 24 hours was 47ºC at Ganganagar city, in Rajasthan state. Summer temperatures have been 4ºC-6ºC above normal over most parts of northern and central India since March, weather officials said.
In the eastern state of Orissa, authorities have decided to shut down schools from next Tuesday, advancing the annual summer holiday. Authorities said they were investigating reports of 53 deaths from various parts of the state.
"District collectors have been asked to investigate and submit reports on other deaths," Bhimsen Gochhayat, a government official said. Other deaths were reported from northern state of Uttar Pradesh and central Madhya Pradesh states.
India is expected to produce about 82 million tons of wheat in 2009-2010, but there could be a shortage of 1-1.5 million tons due to the heatwave, said Veena Sharma, Secretary General of the Roller Flour Millers Federation of India. "Most of the harvesting is over, but there definitely will be a slight shortage of 1-1.5 million tons due to the extreme weather conditions," she told Reuters.
India is relying on an abundant wheat crop to make up for a 14.2% drop in rice output, the major summer-sown food grain,marredby the worst monsoon （季风）in 37 years last year. Weather officials say with summer temperatures in India set to remain above average, there were hopes of heavy rains at the start of the monsoon season that will help early sowing of rice, soybeans and lentils.
1. The purpose of the passage is ____________.
| A．to tell a piece of news of a heatwave |
| B．to record the highest temperature in India |
| C．to report the deaths in the heatwave |
| D．to inform people of a drop of rice output |
| A．The highest temperature in the history of India was 44ºC. |
| B．Schools were closed because of the hot weather throughout India. |
| C．India is expected to produce about 82 million tons of rice in 2009-2010. |
| D．India has a good harvest of wheat while the rice output is decreasing. |
| A．reduced | B．damaged | C．blown | D．followed |
| A．A severe heatwave would continue over India. |
| B．At least 80% people were killed in the disaster this month. |
| C．A severe heatwave swept India with a great loss. |
| D．A slight shortage of 1-1.5 million tons is due to the heatwave. |
【推荐2】Ice-coated vines (葡萄藤) stretched across hillsides around Chablis, France, as the region had a temperature of -5°C on Monday. Fruit growers are worried that the frost will kill off large numbers of early buds (花蕾) and disturb the whole growing season.
The frost is particularly disturbing after a similar phenomenon hit French vineyards last year, leading to some 2 billion euros in losses. Scientists later found that the damaging 2021 frost was more likely made by climate change.
Some growers tried to warm the vines with electrical lines, or set up special watering systems, or spray (喷洒) the buds with water to protect them from frost. The water creates a thin layer of ice that ensures the buds’ temperature remains around freezing point but does not drop much lower.
Daniel-Etienne Defaix, whose vineyard has been producing wine for 400 years and lived through many climate disasters, calls what’s happening now “a very, very serious frost”. He placed candles on the soil to protect about five hectares (亩) of his most valuable grapes, but had to leave the remaining 25 hectares to face the force of nature. At a cost of 10 euros per candle, and 600 candles per hectare, it was too costly to save the rest of the grapes.
The 2021 April frost led to what French government officials described as “probably the greatest agricultural disaster of the beginning of the 21st century”. The pattern was similar: an intense April 6-8 frost after a lengthy warm period in March.
The researchers concluded that the warming caused by humans had coaxed the plants so that they exposed their young leaves earlier than usual, before a burst of Arctic cold reached Europe in April.
1. What did Daniel-Etienne Defaix do to protect his vines?| A．Heat the vines with electrical lines. |
| B．Spray the buds with water. |
| C．Set up special watering systems. |
| D．Warm the vines with candles. |
| A．Growers can save most of their crops. |
| B．The 2022 frost is the worst in history. |
| C．Humans are to blame for the damage. |
| D．The weather was normal last March. |
| A．Protected. | B．Dried. | C．Tricked. | D．Delayed. |
| A．Causes for Early Budding |
| B．Late Frost Threatens Vine Crops |
| C．Creative Ways to Save Vines |
| D．Global Warming Brings Extreme Weather |
【推荐3】As the effects of climate change set in, coastal cites such as the Italian city of Venice and the American city of New Orlean are slowly sinking. So is Bangkok. Officials in the city and scientists say they do not know how long people will be able to continue living in the Thai capital.
Thailand’s military rulers are considering action. The National Reform Council wants the government to form a committee to deal with the warnings that Bangkok could be permanently underwater many years from now.
The Saen canal was built in Bangkok in the late 1830s. In a neighborhood near the waterway, walkways are breaking up. Walls on homes, small businesses and an Islamic center appear to be bending. The area is sinking about two centimeters a year, which is two times the average rate for the rest of Bangkok.
“I don’t know what to do.” says Vijitri Puangsiri who has lived in the neighborhood for 44 years. Her home needs to be repaired every year because of the sinking ground. The walkway in front of her century-old house where she operates a small restaurant must also be repeatedly repaired.
“If you travel on the canal boats, you can see how this is all hollow,” Somsak Kongeeng says, “The buildings to see him are sinking because they were not built on solid foundations,” He joked that if we come back to see him again in 20 years, the water level will be almost as high as his head. But he is also partly serious. That might be only a small overstatement in a city that is, on average, just two meters above sea level.
Observers say two reasons for the sinking are a rising sea level and too much pumping of groundwater. Another reason, they say, is the decision by developers to build so many high-rises because they earn quantities of money by doing so. This kind of development worries those who are concerned with the rising water level.
1. What do we know from the passage?| A．Vijitri Puangsiri’s home needs repairing owing to the broken walkway. |
| B．The Saen canal was a supporting evidence of the sinking ground. |
| C．Somsak Kongeeng simply treats the sinking as a joke. |
| D．Bangkok is not suitable for people to live in any more. |
| A．replacing the loose soil with concrete | B．controlling pumping groundwater |
| C．forbidding the construction of high-rises | D．stopping the rising of sea level |
| A．To appeal to protect the city of Bangkok. | B．To explain the reasons for the sinking |
| C．To stress the significance of Bangkok. | D．To inform us of the situation of Bangkok. |
| A．The Saen Canal — Cause of the Sinking | B．A Warning from Bangkok |
| C．Bangkok — a Coastal City at Risk | D．Reasons for Sinking Building |
