1 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Which season is it now?

A．Summer.

B．Fall.

C．Winter.

2. On which coast will winds reach up 50 kilometers per hour?

A．The northeast coast.

B．The northwest coast.

C．The southwest coast.

3. What is expected in the South Pennines?

A．Rain.

B．Snow

C．Wind.

4. Where is the hurricane season starting?

A．In the west of Ireland.

B．In the north of Scotland.

C．In the south of America.

4 . When Lake Palcacocha, a glacial (冰山的) lake in Peru, suddenly burst in 1941, releasing 8 to 10 million cubic meters of water, the resulting flood killed an estimated 6,000 people, and the water destroyed about a third of the town Huaraz 23 kilometers away. “That town has been rebuilt in the same location, and now it’s more populous. That’s particularly scary,” says Robinson, a disaster risk specialist in New Zealand. This example shows how the danger from such glacial lake outburst floods (or GLOFs) isn’t just a physical disaster, but varies with the local population level and the availability of government support in the region. Robinson and his colleagues have used satellite data to identify 1,089 river basins containing glacial lakes globally. As the team reported in Nature Communications, they found that about 15 million people worldwide are exposed to potential GLOF impacts.

The high mountain regions of the Himalayas are well known for GLOFs, but the team found similar dangers in the Andes, although there are relatively fewer studies of that region. And then there’s Bhutan, where the number of people who would be affected by a GLOF is low compared with larger countries, but it’s a high percentage of the population. “The way to think about that is, if you have a GLOF, how many people have you got to respond? In Bhutan, you could have a single GLOF that affects a large proportion of the country,” Robinson says.

GLOFs are tightly linked to climate change. But as glaciers recede, growing populations move closer to them. Restricting climate change will help slow the growth of glacial lakes, but each location varies in geology and politics, requiring a different combination of early warning systems, engineering solutions, and land-use planning. “There’s no single solution, and what is appropriate in one location may not work in another,” Robinson says. His team’s goal is to help focus research efforts on the most potentially dangerous glacial lakes, and to show that those lakes won’t burst.

1. What does Robinson think especially scary?

A．A glacial lake will be a popular destination.

B．Government support worsens GLOF effects.

C．Huaraz has been rebuilt in its original place.

D．The burst of Lake Palcacocha can’t be predicted.

2. How does Bhutan differ from larger countries in case of a GLOF burst?

A．A large percentage of the population will be affected.

B．The government is ready to make timely response to it.

C．Many studies and predictions have been made about it.

D．People are usually relocated in a safe place after a burst.

3. What does the underlined word “recede” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Continue.

B．Decrease.

C．Clear.

D．Accumulate.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．GLOFs Form a Threat to Human Life

B．Men React Actively to GLOF Bursts

C．Glacial Lakes Face Mixed Solutions

D．Researchers Hold Back GLOF Bursts

5 . In recent years, extreme weather has been on the rise. From wildfires in California, US to record-breaking rainfall in northern China this summer and most recently the flood in Libya which claimed thousands of lives, Earth seems to be whipped by extreme climate and weather patterns.

Climate whiplash (气候鞭打), or weather whiplash, refers to a quick change from one extreme weather pattern to another. It is caused by global warming. A warmer atmosphere can hold more steam. As the Earth gets warmer, more water is contained in the atmosphere. Once the temperature gets colder, it often rains more heavily. This explains why a drought is often followed by extremely heavy rain.

The region hit hardest by climate whiplash is California. Over the past decade, California has experienced lasting droughts, wildfires, heavy rainfalls, and floods. It seems that the state is either on fire or in flooding with little in between. Researchers estimate that by the end of this century, the frequency of climate whiplash will jump by 25 percent in northern California as Earth continues to become warmer.

Apart from wildfires and floods, studies showed that climate whiplash also has an impact on water quality. During dry days, the fertilizer (肥料) farmers use for plants cannot be absorbed by thirsty and dying plants. Then the following heavy rain washes the remaining fertilizer into rivers, polluting the water.

How can we deal with climate whiplash? The key lies in fighting global warming. That is to say, humans have to largely reduce the use of fossil fuels (化石燃料). Climate whiplash would happen more frequently in the future, should we fail to fight global warming effectively. Therefore, it is urgent that nations around the world double down on efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．The effects of global warming.	B．The causes of global warming.
C．The results of climate whiplash.	D．The principle behind climate whiplash.

2. What do we know about climate whiplash in northern California?

A．It has resulted in reduced droughts.

B．It is expected to occur more frequently.

C．It has primarily affected northern California.

D．It causes more floods here than in other US states.

3. How does climate whiplash contribute to water pollution?

A．Unabsorbed plant fertilizer is washed into the water.

B．More plastic waste is brought into the water by floods.

C．Dry weather affects pollutant concentrations in water.

D．Heavy rains carry more industrial waste into the water.

4. What does the author say about climate whiplash?

A．It is not as serious as commonly believed.

B．It can be solved by reducing fossil fuel usage.

C．It is linked with our efforts to fight global warming.

D．It will cause the global temperature to rise annually.