4 . Europe’s series record-breaking hot and dry summers have broken an easy link to climate change. Climate models show Europe warms faster than the rest of the planet and the Arctic melting eventually causes massive ocean currents (洋流) and regional hot air circulation patterns.

Arctic melting is adding roughly 6000 cubic kilometers of water or more to the ocean per decade. As that fresh-water pours into the North Atlantic Ocean, it sits on top of heavier ocean salt-water and stops mixing. With less heat being stirred in from below, the surface water gets colder than usual during the fall and winter months, says Marilena Oltmanns, a climate scientist at the U.K. National Oceanography Centre. This phenomenon may explain the so-called “cold blob”, an area of sea in the North Atlantic that NASA nodeling suggests is one of the few spots on Earth getting colder.

To explore how the fresh water from Arctic ice might be affecting weather, Oltmanns and her colleagues developed a way to combine data from satellites, and weather stations. They found when the freshwater-caused cold blobs were more intense, the boundary was sharper, bringing more powerful westerly (向西的) winds. As a result, the stronger westerlies move a warm ocean flow from roughly 45°N to 60°N. That shift can continue into the next summer. And like a barrier, this warm current, curls up and around the British Isles, allowing a mass of hot, dry air to camp out over Europe.

“The study convincingly puts meat on the bones of an expectation I and others have had for a while — that the cold blob south of Greenland would influence North Atlantic weather patterns, as well as those downstream over Europe,” says Jennifer Francis, a climate scientist at Woodwell Climate Research Center.

1. What does the underlined word “cold blob” in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Climate models.	B．Ocean current.
C．Cold water zone.	D．Air circulation patterns.

2. What does paragraph 3 focus on?

A．Introduce the form of cold blob.

B．Present a phenomenon of climate changes in Europe.

C．Survey some data for the study.

D．Analyze the reason of hot and dry summer in Europe.

3. What is Jennifer’s attitude toward the study?

A．Approving.

B．Indifferent.

C．Doubtful.

D．Unclear.

4. What can we infer from the passage?

A．Human activities change climate models.

B．Arctic melting contributes to European heat waves.

C．Climate changes have little impact on ocean currents.

D．Global warming results in the rise of the temperature.

6 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Why does the man go to London?

A．To visit the woman’s college.

B．To spend his holiday.

C．To go for a meeting.

2. What is the man’s opinion about the winter in London?

A．Terrible.

B．So-so.

C．Fun.

3. What does the woman say about London?

A．It has few parks.

B．It has the best museums.

C．It has tasty Indian food.

7 . In the summer of 2021, the Pacific Northwest experienced a severe heatwave that caused widespread panic and destruction. Temperatures reached record levels, including 114℉ in Portland.

A heatwave, born over the Pacific, drifted inland and grew in intensity, creating a heat dome. Ice was the first victim, and as snowpacks melted, glaciers released fast flowing muddy water that flooded towns. Salmon, sensing the water temperature change, began migrating early. But then they struggled to breathe as the rivers warmed. Vegetation was next—unable to escape the heat, it struggled to hold water. Bighorn sheep moved to higher ground, doves panted like dogs, baby eagles jumped to their deaths in an attempt to fly to escape overheating with their siblings.

In 72 hours, the official number of human deaths was 1,000—but the actual number is likely higher, especially among the elderly, poor, and medically vulnerable. The town of Lytton, British Columbia was burned down when temperatures there hit 121℉. Over a billion sea creatures met their deaths over the three days.

Such a heatwave in the Pacific Northwest had been thought to be as likely as snow in the Sahara. But then it happened. Right now, scientists can’t predict where or when such heat will appear next, but they do know that occurrences such as this are a direct result of human activities. As fossil-fuel burning increases levels of heat-trapping gases like carbon dioxide, the planet warms. Heat is the prime mover of climate chaos, melting ice, . drying soil, , and even reviving ancient bacteria from thawed permafrost (永冻土解冻).

Humans might be able to engineer their way out of anything—cities like Los Angeles and Paris are already working to deflect (使偏斜) sunlight and have more shade trees. But there are limits to adaptation for Earth’s population of nearly 8 billion. Parts of the Middle East and South Asia are already too hot for humans in summer.

1. How is the impact of the heatwave presented in Paragraph 2?

A．By telling a story.	B．By listing examples.
C．By giving a definition.	D．By making comparisons.

2. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Protected.

B．Disturbed.

C．Healthy.

D．Weak.

3. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

A．People considered the heatwave in the Pacific Northwest as common.

B．Such heat will certainly appear again as a result of human activities.

C．Los Angeles and Paris have already helped themselves out of heatwaves.

D．The earth’s adaptability to heatwaves has limits with such a large population.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Temperatures Reaching Record High	B．Human Activities Causing a Heatwave
C．A Heatwave Hitting the Pacific Northwest	D．Panic and Destruction Caused by a Heatwave