1 . Last Thursday, the world’s first self-driving, electric container ship made its first trip to Oslo, Norway. The ship’s owners aim to cut pollution by transporting large quantities of products by water on the southern coastal of Norway instead of by truck.

The ship, called the Yara Burkeland, is owned by Yara, a company that makes fertilizer (肥料). The company wanted to develop a zero-emission (零排放的) ship that was completely self-driving. Yara worked with a ship-building company called Vard and the technology company Kongsberg to develop the ship. The company says that in the future everything, including loading and unloading the ship, will be handled completely automatically.

The Yara Birkeland can carry 120 large containers like those pulled by trucks. But the ship is fully electric and is powered by batteries. The company says the ship has roughly as many batteries as 100 electric cars. The electricity that will be used to recharge the batteries is from renewable hydroelectric (水力发电) sources, so there’s no pollution at all.

The Yara Birkeland won’t usually be going to Oslo, and it won’t be traveling far, either. It will travel along a regular route from Yara’s factory in Porsgrunn up to the port in Brevik. By road, that’s a distance of about 14 kilometers. Yara normally uses diesel-powered (柴油动力的) trucks to move fertilizer between these locations.

Now, with the Yara Birkeland moving huge amounts of fertilizer by water, the company expects to suspend 40,000 yearly trips by diesel-powered trucks. That will prevent about one million kilograms of carbon emissions every year.

In the future, as an autonomous ship, the Yara Birkeland is expected to operate without any human involved. Yara plans to spend the next two years improving and testing the ship. But, as with many autonomous cars, the ship will continue to have humans watching over even if it is driving by itself.

1. Why will the products be delivered by ship rather than by truck?

A．To reduce the transport costs.	B．To shorten their delivery time.
C．Out of environmental concern.	D．Out of concern for their safety.

2. What can be learned about the Yara Bikeland?

A．It uses natural gas as power.	B．It has more than one developers.
C．It is a completely self-driving ship.	D．It belongs to the government.

3. How does the author mainly introduce the ship and its influence?

A．By listing figures.	B．By giving examples.
C．By presenting reasons.	D．By following time order.

4. What does the underlined word “suspend” in Paragraph 5 mean?

A．Roll out.

B．Stick to.

C．Cut out.

D．Turn to.

3 . When you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than walking down a sidewalk—because the weight of your body pushes into the sand. It turns out that the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads.

“The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation in the pavement—and it makes it such that it's continuously driving up a very shallow hill,” said Jeremy Gregory, a scientist at M. I. T...He modeled with his teammates how much energy could be saved-and greenhouse gases avoided—by simply hardening the nation's roads and highways.

And they found that hardening 10 percent of the nation's roads every year could prevent emissions equal to 440 megatons of carbon dioxide over the next 5 decades—that amount is equal to how much CO, you'd spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground or by growing 7 billion trees for a decade. It reduces 0.5% of projected transportation emissions over that time period.

As for how to harden roads, Gregory says you could combine small amounts of certain fiber with high technology into paving materials. Or you could pave with specially-made concrete, which is harder than ordinary construction materials.

This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual barriers. “Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation department, you're talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people—as opposed to changing the way we design and preserve our pavements. That's just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies.” And when it comes to improving our streets and highways-those agencies are where you might say the rubber meets the road.

1. How does the author develop Paragraph 3?

A．By giving examples.	B．By making classification.
C．By listing figures	D．By analyzing causes.

2. What does Gregory suggest for hardening roads?

A．Mixing fiber with special concrete.	B．Changing regular paving materials.
C．Creating hi-tech computer models.	D．Using ordinary building materials.

3. What is an advantage of the road-hardening system?

A．It reduces construction costs.	B．It profits transportation agencies.
C．It regulates driver behavior.	D．It avoids involving too many people.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Walking Down Beaches or Sidewalks?	B．Hardening Roads Helps Save Energy.
C．How to Cut Down Carbon Emissions	D．A System of Hardening Roads.

4 . Cars could soon be communicating with each other using 5G to make drivers aware of upcoming dangers, scientists claim. The ultra-fast mobile Internet would allow for rapid information transmission and could make drivers aware of black ice, pot holes or other dangers up ahead.

Several car manufacturers are already integrating 5G into their vehicles, including as a tool to welcome the coming of self-driving vehicles. Experts believe the high-speed connection will also improve the reliability and capability of automated vehicles to the point where they will be safer than the manual cars being driven today. They predict the number of road traffic accidents—which according to the World Health Organization (WHO) account for more than 1.3 million deaths and up to 50 million people injured worldwide every year—will drop thoroughly as a result.

Dr Dimitrios Liarokapis, a member of the research group, said: "With the help of 5G, an early warning system that alerts (给……报警）drivers is possible within the next few years. Cars that are close enough to the danger area will send warning messages to other cars around them using short-range communication technologies, but also to cars further away using 5G, fast and reliably. Then those cars will transmit the same information to cars near them and so on, forming a joined-up, multi-vehicle communication chain that stretches far and wide."

Automotive giant Ford is already working on connected cars. Earlier this year it revealed its intention to fit 80 percent of its 2020 vehicles with technology that warns drivers about upcoming road accidents, bad weather and traffic jams. The system pools data from other connected road users, emergency services and the authorities and sends it from the cloud directly to the car. Alerts are shown on the car's dashboard display warning the driver about what lies around the corner.

1. How can 5G help reduce road accidents?

A．By offering the fast mobile Internet.

B．By helping drivers overcome dangers.

C．By offering practical safety programs.

D．By helping WHO calculate traffic accidents.

2. What is the function of the communication chain?

A．To track other drivers.

B．To send warning messages.

C．To collect drivers' information.

D．To send the traffic situation to the police.

3. What can we expect of the cars in the future?

A．They will be safer.

B．They may be bigger.

C．They may replace other vehicles.

D．They will be more personalized.

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Cars of Ford are the most intelligent.

B．Warning messages are shown on phones.

C．Ford is the first producer to use 5G.

D．Connected cars are equipped with 5G.

5 . To get from New York City (NYC) to Chicago, there are several transportation options. Consider the pros and cons of each option to choose the best one for you.

	Time	Cost	Best for
Train	20 hours	from $70	seeing scenery
Flight	3 hours	from $48, but varies widely	getting there quickly
Bus	19 hours	from $38	travelers on a budget
Car	12 hours	from $60	stopping for attractions

By train

Traveling by train from NYC to Chicago is a relatively long journey. Trains go from Penn Station in Manhattan to Union Station. The route is serviced by Amtrak, via the Lake Shore Limited or Cardinal to Chicago or by changing trains either in Washington, D. C. or Pittsburgh. You can purchase tickets in advance by Amtrak or in person at Penn Station.

By plane

Flying to Chicago is the fastest and most convenient way to travel there from NYC. The major carriers include JetBlue, Delta, United, and American Airlines, as well as budget carriers including Southwest and Spirit Airlines.

By bus

Bus service from NYC to Chicago is a long journey, too. Greyhound is the only company that services this route and buses depart from Port Authority Bus Terminal in Manhattan and arrive at Union Station. These buses offer Wi-Fi service.

By car

You'll drive through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, and then along the Michigan and Indiana border until you go around the southern tip of Lake Michigan and back up into Chicago. While this trip is long, the most significant advantage of traveling by car is that there are a few interesting places to stop along the way.

1. How should you go to Chicago from NYC if you want to save money?

A．By train.

B．By plane.

C．By bus.

D．By car.

2. At which place can you buy train tickets to Chicago?

A．Union Station.

B．Penn Station.

C．Delta.

D．Greyhound.

3. What is the advantage of driving to Chicago from NYC?

A．Saving more money.

B．Spending less time.

C．Stopping to enjoy scenery.

D．Staying in NYC for a long time.

6 . I’ve spent over a year in India, and in those 365 plus days, I’ve learned a lot about getting around Indian cities.My biggest lessons have been learned through being cheated, particularly by taxi and rickshaw (人力车) drivers, but that doesn’t mean those are bad ways to travel, as long as you know what you’re doing.Below are the best ways to get around the city of Delhi, India, and tips for how to keep from being the victim of scams (欺骗).

Taking taxis is a great way to get around the city of Delhi and chances are, if you arrive in Delhi by plane, as soon as you make it through customs, you’ll be swarmed by Indian taxi drivers.At the Delhi airport, be sure to arrange for a taxi to your hotel at one of the two Delhi Traffic Police Taxi Booths.One is inside the airport, and one is outside.The key is to make sure to go to a booth run by the police, rather than by independent taxi drivers.

Rickshaws are one of my favorite ways to get around Indian cities, in part because it’s how the locals often travel.Auto­rickshaws are more common, but bicycle rickshaws are still used in Old Delhi.If you do have a chance to take a bicycle rickshaw, you should do it at least once for a unique experience that should only set you back about 15 rupees.Auto­rickshaw rates around Delhi range between 30 and 80 rupees, depending on distance.

If you really want to travel around Delhi like the locals, take a public bus.Indian buses become very crowded and most do not have air conditioning.They are, however, very cheap.A bus trip won’t set you back any more than 15 rupees, as long as you stay within the city limits.Since Indian buses get so crowded, try to board the bus at the start of the route so you can get a seat.

The train is a great way to get around within the city of Delhi.Fares are reasonable, between six and 22 rupees.All departure announcements are in both Hindi and English, and tokens can be purchased for between 6 and 22 rupees.

1. To avoid being cheated, you ought to          if you want to take a taxi at the Delhi airport.

A．pay more to the drivers to keep safe	B．show your ticket to the driver
C．go to a police­run booth	D．go out of the airport

2. The author suggests taking a rickshaw in order to         .

A．save some money	B．enjoy the comfortable trip
C．gain a unique experience	D．help the local rickshaw drivers

3. What can we infer from the passage?

A．You won’t have to pay much if you travel around by bus in India.

B．It will be difficult for you to get a seat if you get on the bus halfway.

C．A rickshaw driver only charges whatever amount you give him.

D．You’ll have to speak English if you travel around in India.

4. Which may be the topic that follows?

A．Hotel recommendations in Delhi.	B．Weather conditions in Delhi.
C．Food and drink in Delhi.	D．Car rentals in Delhi.

7 . Getting around in Canada is fairly easy. Most cities have urban transportation systems, including buses, streetcars, and trains, and some of the larger cities also have subways.

You can board these systems at regular stops along their routes. Some let you pay with cash while others require tickets. If you don't have a ticket for the bus, you must pay with the correct amount of money. This is because the driver does not carry any change. If you plan to stay in a city for a long time, you may want to buy a monthly pass or a package of tickets to save money. You can buy subway tickets at any subway station.

If you have to take several buses or subways for a single trip, you do not need to pay money each time. Simply ask the driver for a transfer ticket, or take one from the machines on the subways platform.

If you are not sure where to board the bus or the streetcar, just ask someone or follow the crowd People can usually only board at the front of the bus where you show your pass to the driver. When using public transportation, Canadians line up. First come, first serve, is a common approach to many activities in Canada, and it is considered to be extremely rude to cut in any line.

Maps of routes and schedules are usually available from the public transit company in your area, and there is also a telephone information line. You may ask someone for the name of the transit company in your area, and then look it up in the telephone book.

1. What is this passage mainly about?

A．How to use public transportation in Canada.

B．How to save money when traveling.

C．Where to find subways in larger cities

D．How public transit companies work.

2. If you pay the bus fare in cash, _____________.

A．you may be given some change

B．you had better have the exact amount of money

C．it might cost you a little more

D．you can exchange money with the driver

3. If you have to change subway lines on a single trip, ________.

A．you have to pay each time

B．you should buy another ticket from the machine

C．you must ask for the driver's permission

D．you just need to pay once

8 . During these days, the United States is full of cars. There are still some families without cars, but some families have two or more ones.     1    They are also a necessary part of life.

Cars are used for business. They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have no other way to get to their jobs. When salesmen are sent to different parts of the city, they have to drive in order to carry their products.     2    

Sometimes small children must be driven to school. In some cities school buses are used only when children live more than a mile away from the school.     3       One mother drives on Mondays taking her own children and the neighbors’ as well. Another mother drives on Tuesdays, another on Wednesdays, and so on.     4       Men also form car pools, with three or four men taking turns driving to the place where they all work.

    5     So more car pools should be formed in order to put fewer cars on the road and use less gas. Too many cars will lead to some problems such as accidents or environmental pollution. Something will have to be done about the use of cars. And the government should encourage the citizens to decrease the use of their cars as much as they can.

A．Too many cars are being driven.

B．This is called forming a car pool.

C．Cars are used for more than pleasure.

D．You can choose your car according to the use of it.

E．Farmers have to drive into the city in order to get supplies.

F．Still, it is not safe for young children to take the school bus.

G．When children are too young to walk too far, their mothers take turns driving them to school.