1. When was the National Library of St. Mark’s first designed?
| A．In 1588. | B．In 1570. | C．In 1537 |
| A．Being the first public library. |
| B．Surviving several wars. |
| C．Having the largest collection of books. |
| A．In Syria. | B．In Egypt. | C．In Greece. |
2 . A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors — or of people very different from our own — can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books.
In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective; it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political” artist. In his well known painting The Third of May, 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, and David Alfaro Siqueiros — as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martines — depicted these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems.
In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was and still is its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are unholy.
1. From Paragraph one, we know that _____.| A．art history reveals a people’s religious and emotional life as well as its political views and psychology |
| B．general history provides us with information about everyday life of ancient people |
| C．general history gives us an insight into the basic situations of a time and a place |
| D．art history regards politics as an unworthy topic |
| A．records what people felt and thought at a particular time |
| B．expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place |
| C．often gives us a better understanding of our history |
| D．often presents the subjective message about the political life of a country |
| A．Islamic artists painted images on church walls as a way of teaching |
| B．war was not one of the topics art history address |
| C．Europeans respected images of biblical figures |
| D．for some time in Europe, art was the only way to understand religion |
| A．His criticism to the religious beliefs of his country. |
| B．His explanation about the political values of his country. |
| C．His dissatisfaction to the war, his government or the social problems. |
| D．His concern about the daily life of the poor in his country. |
| A．the difference between general history and art history |
| B．the value of art history in understanding history |
| C．the importance of artists in art history |
| D．the importance of art in religion |
3 . One of the greatest contributors to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations showing how it was used.
This was a huge task, so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as "Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire," 50 miles from Oxford.
Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff's most valued contributors.
But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally Insane.
Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.
In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.
Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.
1. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary________.| A．was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary |
| B．included the English words invented by Murray |
| C．was edited by an American volunteer |
| D．came out before Minor died |
| A．He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray. |
| B．He provided a great number of words and quotations. |
| C．He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers. |
| D．He went to England to work with Murray. |
| A．He was busy writing a book | B．He was shut in an asylum. |
| C．He lived far from Oxford. | D．He disliked traveling. |
| A．Considerate and optimistic. | B．Friendly and determined. |
| C．Unusual and scholarly. | D．Cautious and friendly. |
| A．Broadmoor Asylum and its patients. | B．The history of the English language. |
| C．The friendship between Murray and Minor. | D．Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary. |
4 . While most people don’t think much about garbage, trash (垃圾) is beloved by archaeologist (考古学家). A favorite site for study is a midden (贝丘), an old trash or garbage heap (堆). A midden might contain damaged stone or metal items, which tell us about the weapons and tools people used. Softer materials such as wood, cloth, leather, and baskets are sometimes preserved. They may tell us what people wore, how they carried things, or the kind of toys used by children. Historic household trash heaps often contain broken pottery pieces and even traces of the food they once held.
Most people no longer keep a trash heap by the kitchen door. Instead, garbage is hauled off to landfills (垃圾填埋池). These landfills can still attract archaeologists. The Garbage Project collected information from landfills from 1987 to 1995. Student archaeologists measured tons of garbage from 15 landfills across the United States and Canada. This garbology, the study of garbage, research led to a better understanding of how people have changed what they consume during this period of time. The findings also led to a better awareness of how quickly various items rot. This helped with city planning for garbage disposal and recycling efforts.
Some found objects that may clearly be of archaeological interest, such as arrowheads and spear points. It is typically against the law to collect these on public lands, so they should be left in place. If you take a photo and note the location, you can notify the state archaeologist or the government branch that is in charge of the land, such as the National Park Service or the Bureau of Land Management.
Everyone is responsible for protecting archaeological resources, which is a concept known as “archaeological stewardship.” Sometimes this even means protecting old garbage.
1. Why is old trash important according to archaeologists?| A．It can teach us about the past. |
| B．It might help us locate metal mines. |
| C．It can contribute to modern material industry. |
| D．It might encourage us to protect our environment. |
| A．They conducted a study on modern trash. |
| B．They recycled waste from some landfills. |
| C．They offered some creative city planning ideas. |
| D．They compared ancient trash heaps with modern landfills. |
| A．Donate it to public collections. |
| B．Take it to proper authorities. |
| C．Leave it in a safe place. |
| D．Mark the place of it. |
| A．Past or Future? | B．Trash or Treasure? |
| C．Protection of Damage? | D．Problem or Resource? |
5 . “How do they walk in these things?” complains Jack Lemmon, walking with difficulty in his heels, newly dressed as his another identity Josephine, in the film “Some Like It Hot”.
High heels were, in fact, originally designed for men — and had an extremely practical purpose. Soldiers on horseback wore them in 10th-century Persia, according to Elizabeth Semmel hack of the Bata Shoe Museum in Toronto. The heel helped keep them stable as they stood up in their stirrups ( 马镫) and took aim at enemies with bows and arrows (cowboy boots still use heels in this way). Over time, heels appeared on the shoes of male nobles across Europe. Yet from the mid-17th century, heels became associated with supposedly “feminine” qualities, and so became women’s wear. Until the mid-20th century heels were heavy, heavy things. After the Second World War, techniques and materials used in aircraft engineering were applied to shoes, creating the stiletto ( 细高跟). The high, narrow heel requires a thin metal pole, strong enough to bear the wearer’s weight yet flexible enough to allow the shoe to move.
Shoemakers have searched actively for a right heel. They aim to reduce the angle created by a high heel, which forces the few square centimeteres of the ball of your foot to bear the entire weight of your body. Joan Oloff, a podiatrist-turned-shoe-designer, makes footwear lined with memory foam ( 泡沫) to absorb the shock of each painful step. The bottom part of the shoe is crafted to support the arch of the foot and distribute the wearer’s weight more equally. Antonia Saint Dunbar, an entrepreneur, makes shoes with a heel cup and strips inside to stop the foot slipping around and getting blisters ( 水泡). And growing numbers of companies make shoes with adjustable heels: two inches for the boardroom, four for the nightclub, none for home.
However, the wisest are stepping down altogether: in 2016, for the first time, more British women bought trainers than heels.
1. Why is a scene in “Some Like It Hot” mentioned in Paragraph 1?| A．To recommend this film. |
| B．To explain Jack’s double identity. |
| C．To introduce the topic of high heels. |
| D．To stress the difficulty of walking in heels. |
| A．By presenting research findings. |
| B．By analyzing cause and effect. |
| C．By following the order of time. |
| D．By following the order of importance. |
| A．To keep soldiers fighting on horseback steady. |
| B．To keep cowboys standing up in stirrups safe. |
| C．To show off the beauty of women. |
| D．To show the nobility of Europeans. |
| A．Popularize shoes with adjustable heels. |
| B．Help women find the right high heels. |
| C．Encourage women to wear trainers. |
| D．Make high heels comfortable. |
6 . Early people didn’t need to know the exact time of day. They slept when it was dark and worked when it was light.
33,000—28,000 B.C.
People notice that changes in the weather (the seasons) are connected to changes in the sun, moon, and stars.
8,000 B.C.
Chinese, the Maya, and Sumerians develop calendars based on the cycles of the sun (a year) and the moon (a month). Most people are farmers. Calendars tell them when to plant crops and when their animals will have babies.
1,500 B.C.
People in Egypt and Sumer develop some of the first water clocks. Unlike sundials, water clocks measure time even when it’s cloudy.
1370—1410
European cities build towers with mechanical clocks inside. Every hour, a bell is rung for all to hear.
1850
Most Americans now have clocks at home. Trains keep exact schedules. Railroad workers carry pocket watches that don’t gain or lose more than 30 seconds in a week.
1955
An atomic clock is built in England. It measures oscillations(颤动) of light from cesium atoms. The light oscillates even faster than quartz crystals. Atomic clocks are the most accurate clocks yet.
Today
People rely on the Internet and cell-phone networks, which need super precise timing. Atomic clocks keep getting better.
1. How can ancient Chinese tell when to plant crops?| A．By using calendars. | B．By observing the cycles of the sun. |
| C．By watching the animals. | D．By predicting the weather changes. |
| A．Chinese. | B．Americans. | C．Europeans. | D．Egyptians. |
| A．Chinese calendars. | B．Water clocks. | C．Mechanical clocks. | D．Atomic clocks. |
7 . U. S. Open Championships
The US Open has been in existence for almost 140 years. The first tournament was held in 1881 at the Newport Casino. It was called the US National Singles Championship. Entry was limited to only those clubs which were members of the United States National Lawn Tennis Association, and the competitors were all male, competing in both single and doubles. Richard Sears won the men’s championship and he went on to win the next six men’s singles championships.
The Wimbledon
In 1875, the All England Croquet Club was troubled financially due to declining membership. A new sport called lawn tennis was gaining fast in popularity and taking away the members. Two years later, a new roller was needed for maintaining its lawns so the club proposed to hold a tournament to raise money. Twenty-two players entered that first Wimbledon tournament which was won by Spencer Gore in straight sets over W. C. Marshall. Two hundred spectators each paid a shilling to watch the final game, enabling the club to buy the needed roller plus some extra cash.
The French Open
The very first French Championship was held way back in 1891, and the tournament has since grown into one of the four tennis Grand Slam tournaments we know today. The first competition was a one-day national championship which was won by a British. The competition was poorly attended by world class players. It took 24 years before it became fully international and an accepted tennis grand slam event. After the First World War, French tennis was achieving stature（重要性）. Suzanne Lenglen was the predominant（卓越的）French player, winning the championships six times between 1920 and 1926.
The Australian Open
The very first tennis tournament ever played in Australia was held in January 1880, on the courts of the Melbourne Cricket Club. In 1905, the Australian Open was established as the Australasian Tennis Championship and was played at the Warehouseman’s Cricket Ground in Melbourne. It became the Australian Championship in 1927 and the Australian Open in 1969. Women’s events were added in 1922.
1. What do we know about the first U. S. Open?| A．It was sponsored and organized by a tennis club. |
| B．Only men were allowed to play in the game. |
| C．Richard Sears won six men’s championships. |
| D．It has remained the same through all these years. |
| A．raise some fund for a lawn roller |
| B．attract more people to play tennis |
| C．celebrate the renaming of the club |
| D．make the game more enjoyable |
| A．the tournament has been played in the same place all these years |
| B．twenty-two players played in the first tournament |
| C．few good tennis players took part in the first French Championship |
| D．the players played in singles and doubles in the tournament |
| A．they were all born in the same year |
| B．they have all experienced financial difficulties |
| C．they all had only male players at the beginning |
| D．they all have had a history of 130 years or more |
| A．how the four international tennis tournaments came into being |
| B．how long it took for women to play in the tennis tournaments |
| C．what the international tennis tournaments brought to the world |
| D．why the tennis tournaments are held in these four countries |
8 . One of the greatest contributors to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations showing how it was used.
This was a huge task, so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as "Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire," 50 miles from Oxford.
Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff's most valued contributors.
But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum(精神病院)for the Criminally Insane.
Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.
In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.
Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.
1. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary________.| A．was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary | B．included the English words invented by Murray |
| C．was edited by an American volunteer | D．came out before Minor died |
| A．He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray. | B．He provided a great number of words and quotations. |
| C．He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers. | D．He went to England to work with Murray. |
| A．He was busy writing a book | B．He was shut in an asylum. |
| C．He lived far from Oxford. | D．He disliked traveling. |
| A．Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor | B．Minor recovered with the help of Murray |
| C．they had a common interest in words | D．they both served in the Civil War |
| A．Considerate and optimistic. | B．Friendly and determined. |
| C．Unusual and scholarly. | D．Cautious and friendly. |
| A．Broadmoor Asylum and its patients. | B．The history of the English language. |
| C．The friendship between Murray and Minor. | D．Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary. |
Every year, many people offer to find or document remains of lost societies and communities. These efforts take place across the world. For example, Forest Service experts and volunteers are working in the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California. They are looking for information about prehistoric and historic settlements of native Californians.
This kind of work interests theological(神学的) Professor Steven Ortiz in Fort Worth, Taxas. Every other year, he leads an archeological dig (考古挖掘) in Israel. The dig is at Tel Gezer, halfway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. Professor Ortiz directs the activities at Tel Gezer with Samuel Wolff, an Israeli archeologist.
The city is linked to King Solomon, who appears in the writings of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The experts, students and volunteers are hoping to learn more about the ancient city of Gezer. Volunteers must pay for their transportation and children may take part if they are with a parent.
Volunteers will face many challenges. The work takes time, patience and often muscle strength. Besides, the ground may be hard and the sun may be hot. The youngest volunteer on the team is Steven Ortiz’s ten-year-old son.
“For some, the dig is a religious pilgrimage (朝圣之旅). Some just value ancient history, and they want to be a part of uncovering it. I think we attract people who think they want a cross-cultural experience. They want to do something meaningful. They want to get their hands dirty. And they want to have a fun experience in a foreign country.” Said Steven.
Volunteering for the archaeological dig provides all those things, and more. “ You are helping science. You are helping history. But on weekends, especially for small children, they can have fun, travel in the country and see sights they do not normally see.”
1. What does the underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refer to? (5 words)2. In what situation can children be allowed to take part in the dig in Israel?( no more than 8 words)
3. What is mainly talked about in Para 5? (no more than 8 words)
4. What benefits can small children get from the archaeological dig according to Para 6? ( no more than 14 words)
5. Do you want to take part in an archaeological dig in Israel? Why? ( no more than 25 words)
10 . During World War II, a young nurse, Irena Sendler, risked her life to save over 2,500 children. Back in 2008, she was
Irena was only 29 when the war began, and at the time, she was
In the 1940s, the Nazis
When Irena heard that, she decided to
To get the kids out, Irena and her team would
The Gestapo(盖世太保)
The Gestapo
Irena received plenty of
| A．found | B．combined | C．compared | D．reunited |
| A．thank | B．pay | C．encourage | D．congratulate |
| A．performing | B．studying | C．working | D．struggling |
| A．right | B．opportunity | C．excuse | D．tool |
| A．followed | B．introduced | C．welcome | D．sent |
| A．free | B．separate | C．protect | D．attract |
| A．common | B．different | C．challenging | D．terrible |
| A．look for | B．fight for | C．live with | D．write about |
| A．directions | B．tickets | C．permission | D．Inspiration |
| A．managed | B．promised | C．expected | D．pretended |
| A．raising | B．accepting | C．saving | D．influencing |
| A．hide | B．search | C．lock | D．replace |
| A．journalists | B．experts | C．learners | D．activists |
| A．believed | B．noticed | C．wondered | D．predicted |
| A．depending on | B．waiting for | C．competing with | D．coming for |
| A．burned | B．threw | C．buried | D．shared |
| A．Unfortunately | B．Doubtfully | C．Unsuccessfully | D．Surprisingly |
| A．also | B．even | C．never | D．nearly |
| A．joined | B．caught | C．prevented | D．remembered |
| A．help | B．attention | C．questions | D．honors |
