1 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Porcelain (瓷器) is a material made from well-chosen porcelain clay through a series of technological     1     (process) like mixing, molding, drying and firing. Although porcelain developed from pottery, it is superior in both practical     2     artistic terms. Perhaps that is     3     it gradually replaced pottery in history.

The     4     (early) porcelain, commonly called “primitive porcelain”, appeared during the Shang Dynasty. But the first porcelain in real sense was not produced until the-Eastern Han Dynasty. Later with the processing techniques     5     (mature) all the way, famous kilns (窑), including what are known as the “Five, Great Kilns”, emerge     6     quantity during the Song Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen, the Capital of Porcelain, produced blue and white porcelain which later became the     7     (represent) of porcelain. Porcelain of the Qing Dynasty is classical, graceful, delicate and splendid, thus becoming superb goods popular at home and abroad.

Porcelain is the creative fruit of     8     working people of ancient China. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, porcelain     9     (export) worldwide: It promotes economic and cultural exchange between China and the outside world, and     10     (dramatic) influences the traditional culture and lifestyle of people from other countries.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Scientists have discovered the remains of     1     appears to be an ancient sheep-drawn chariot (战车) near the famous Terracotta Army in the western tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huang. The main structure of the chariot has likely rotted (腐烂) away after     2     (spend) more than 2,000 years in the ground but researchers did find a row of six sheep skeletons (骨架) wearing attachments used for pulling a chariot, so they     3     (infer) this was a sheep-drawn chariot.

Horse-drawn chariots were common in ancient China, but a sheep-drawn chariot is     4     extremely rare find. The founder of the Western Jin Dynasty, Emperor Wu, or Sima Yan, who ruled from 266 to 290CE, is said     5     (ride) in a sheep-drawn carriage around his palace complex every night and would sleep wherever the sheep stopped. Researchers hope laboratory     6     (analyze) on the western tomb’s burial chamber, which is currently underway, will help them determine who was buried there.

In addition to the six-sheep chariot, scientists unearthed a four-wheeled     7     (wood) chariot, probably drawn by horses,     8     (equip) with a fancy umbrella. It is the oldest of     9     (it) type ever found. They also found a wealth of iron tools and weapons, providing new insight     10     the period when iron tools first began to appear.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Liangzhu Culture,     1     can date back thousands of years, was the last Neolithic jade (新石器时代玉器) culture in the Taihu Basin of the Yangtze River Delta. From many of the unearthed Liangzhu relic sites so far, relevant experts     2     (conclude) that the ancient culture boasted advanced rice agriculture and handicraft industry.

    3     (cover) an area of more than 30 square kilometers, the Liangzhu relic site first    4     (discover) in 1936 is in reality a general name for some sites found in Liangzhu, Pingyao and Anxi, three places in Yuhang District, East China’s Zhejiang Province. The archaeological     5     (significant) of the Liangzhu relic site has gained worldwide attention. British archaeologist Colin Renfrew visited it several years ago and thought     6     importance of findings in China’s Neolithic Period was greatly underestimated.

The Liangzhu Culture is     7     (good) known as a jade culture than others. More than 40 various     8     (type) of jade containers have been unearthed. Do you dream     9    experiencing more of the Liangzhu Culture up close? Consider visiting the Liangzhu New Town, a scenic spot which offers many places for tourists     10     (learn) about the Liangzhu Culture and relax as well.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Woodblock printing is an ancient printing technology with a significant impact     1     human civilization. It originated in ancient China. The earliest woodblock printing     2     (invent) during the Tang Dynasty. The process involved carving words, designs or images onto wooden blocks, applying ink and transferring the ink onto paper through pressure.

Creating woodblocks demands patience and skill     3     (ensure) clear and accurate characters for high-quality prints. Through continuous refinement and practice, woodblock printing became widely used and developed in China and neighboring regions. This technology     4     (gradual) spread to other countries.

Woodblock printing is of     5     (significant). Firstly, it facilitated the spread and preservation of written works,     6     (enable) the dissemination (传播) of knowledge on a broader scale. Secondly, it promoted the exchange of diverse cultures and     7     (idea), driving the progress of human civilization. Lastly, woodblock printing,     8     development provided valuable insight for innovations like movable type printing and lithography, served as a foundation for the following printing technology.

Although we     9     (enter) the digital age, woodblock printing remains a crucial milestone in the printing technology. Its historical importance in disseminating knowledge     10     its role in advancing the printing technology are worthy of recognition and appreciation. Woodblock printing stands as a testament to human ingenuity and it has enduring influence on the development of civilization.

6 . Archaeologists in Mexico have discovered the remains of a lost Maya city hidden deep within the jungles of the Yucatán Peninsula.

The site, located in the Balamkú ecological reserve in the Mexican state of Campeche, contains numerous large pyramids that were built during the Classic Period of the Maya civilisation. The archaeologists named the location Ocomtún, meaning “stone column (石柱)” in Yucatec Maya language, in a nod to the many stone columns spreading around on the over 123-acre site.

The team found the city while mapping the Maya lowlands with billions of lasers shot from an aircraft flying overhead. This technique, known as light detection and ranging, is a noninvasive (非创伤的) way for researchers to understand the geography of human-made structures hidden beneath leaves. In this case, the technique revealed a Maya city with several pyramidal structures, with the tallest towering nearly 50 feet.

“The site serves as an important center at the regional level,” lead archaeologist Ivan Šprajc said in the statement, “and it is a breakthrough in Maya archeology.”

The Maya had numerous city sites spread across southern Mexico and Central America; the civilization reached its peak during the first millennium AD until it “collapsed” between 800 and 1000. In addition to finding the pyramids and columns, while on foot, the archaeologists discovered ceramics (陶瓷), three squares, a court used to play ball games and a complex comprising low and thin structures arranged almost in circles.

However, the archaeologists are still investigating how the Maya used some of the structures. “It is possible that they are markets or spaces designed for community events,” Šprajc said. “The most common ceramic types that we collected on the surface and in some test pits are from the Late Classic. However, the analysis of samples of this material will offer us more reliable data on the sequences of occupation.”

1. What can we learn from paragraph 2?

A．There are many stone structures dotted on the site.

B．The pyramids built by Egyptians used to be huge.

C．The stone columns cover an area of nearly 124 acres.

D．The site discovered used to be an ecological reserve.

2. What did Šprajc think of the site?

A．Frightening and puzzling.	B．Incredible and romantic.
C．Complex and fictional.	D．Invaluable and significant.

3. What can we infer from paragraph 5?

A．The Maya city was once a booming city.

B．Some tall and thin structures lay on the squares.

C．The ancient Mayas lived on ceramic manufacturing.

D．The pyramids and columns were found quite by accident.

4. Which would be the best title for the text?

A．The long-lost ancient civilization	B．Lost Maya city discovered in jungles
C．Archaeologists’ new discoveries in Mexico	D．Human-made structures hidden beneath leaves

7 . The story about horses in North America told in several written histories is in need of an update, according to a new study. After examining ancient remains of horses, researchers suggest indigenous(土著的) peoples had spread the animals through the American West by the first half of the 1600s—before they met Europeans.

The findings line up with oral histories from indigenous groups, which tell of interactions with horses before settlers arrived in their homelands. Meanwhile, written European texts from the 1700s and 1800s stated that horses only spread through the area after 1680.

Horses originated in the Americas around four million years ago, but by about 10,000 years ago, they had mostly disappeared from the record. Spanish settlers likely first brought horses back to the Americas in 1519. According to the new study, indigenous peoples then transported horses north along trade networks.

To find when the animals spread, researchers examined the remains of more than twenty horses discovered across the Western U.S. Rather than simply walking around the countryside on their own, the horses appear to have been part of Native American culture. Signs of teeth problems on one horse and growths on the bones of the head of another suggested people had put bridles(缰绳) on the animals. Certain chemical elements in the animals’ teeth suggested they ate maize, an indigenous plant. And another horse had a previously broken facial bone that had fully recovered, meaning it might have received medical treatment.

Researchers compared the ancient horses’ DNA with that of modern horses and found that the centuries-old horses had largely Spanish origins. Together, the findings suggest horses spread “from Spanish settlements in the American Southwest to the northern Rockies and central Great Plains by the first half of the 17th century.”

The findings also highlight the importance of indigenous oral traditions in understanding history. “Our cultures have been so misunderstood for so long,” says co-author Yvette Collin. “Too often history has been told around us, without us.”

1. What needs to be updated according to the new study?

A．When horses showed up in the Americas.	B．Who introduced horses to North America.
C．When Native Americans first met Europeans.	D．Who spread horses through the American West.

2. What did researchers find out about ancient horses from the remains?

A．They played a role in natives’ life.	B．They were born with tooth disease.
C．They were badly treated by natives.	D．They had hardly any Spanish origins.

3. What does Collin think of oral histories?

A．They spread easily.	B．They are of great significance.
C．They pass down traditions.	D．They unite indigenous groups.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Written texts explain human-horse interactions.

B．Oral histories help us understand Indigenous cultures.

C．New research rewrites the history of American horses.

D．Archaeological remains are the key to learning about the past.

8 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Why does the woman talk of a blackboard?

A．To show the standard of choosing an object.

B．To explain the structure of the collection.

C．To emphasize the long history of the town.

2. What does the man think his grandfather could lend to the museum?

A．A teapot.

B．A sports shirt.

C．A wedding photo.

3. Where will the results of the vote be shown?

A．On the museum website.

B．In a local newspaper.

C．On the noticeboard.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Terracotta Warriors exhibition opens in Spain

The Archaeological Museum of Alicante opened on Tuesday     1     unique exhibition of China’s renowned Terracotta Warriors, known as the “    2     (eight) Wonder of the World.”

The exhibition     3     (title) “The Legend of China’s Qin and Han Dynasties” and open to public between Wednesday and January 28, 2024, showcases more than 120pieces from nine Chinese museums.

The exhibition is divided into three galleries     4     showcase the history of the unification of China by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, his tomb, and the     5     (mystery) Terracotta Warriors. The museum uses advanced technology to create an immersive exhibition space     6     (use) light, music, and scent.

Curator of the exhibition Marcos Martinon-Torres, an archaeologist and professor at the University of Cambridge, said the exhibition would provide an “unforgettable experience” for thousands of visitors.

The exhibition is part of a series of activities intended     7     the China-Spain Year of Culture and Tourism. Apart from the 10 life-size Terracotta Warriors and horses, it also features gold and silver, bronze, pottery, and jade cultural relics.

At the opening ceremony on Tuesday, Carlos Mazon, president of Alicante provincial council, called the exhibition “a     8     (history) moment.” He said his province “will become a cultural center in Europe in the next ten months,     9     it is the first time that the Chinese Terracotta Warriors     10     (exhibit) abroad since the (COVID-19)pandemic.”