1 . Arbeia Roman Fort and Museum

Location and History

Arbeia Roman Fort is situated on Hadrian's Wall. It was the most important structure built by the Romans in Britain, and now it has been a World Heritage Site. Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers who were stationed along Hadrian's Wall. The fort has been gradually uncovered and some original parts have been revealed. There are reconstructions that show how Arbeia Roman Fort would have looked.

The Reconstructions

The reconstructions of the Commanding Officer's house and soldiers' quarters are strikingly different. The accommodation for soldiers is dark and uncomfortable, while the Commanding Officer's house is spacious and luxurious, with courtyards with fountains for him and his family to enjoy.

The Museum

Visit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time. You will see weapons, tools, jewellery, and so on. You can also discover how the Romans buried their dead and see tombstones which survive to this day. There is a "hands-on" area allowing visitors to dig on a certain site and study their findings with the help of museum staff. You can piece together pottery (陶器), or try writing just as the Romans would have done. For children, they can build this Roman fort with building blocks by themselves.

Opening Times and Getting There April 1—October 31: Monday to Saturday 10:00am—5:00pm, Sunday 2:00pm—5:00pm. November 1—March 31: Monday to Saturday 11:00am—4:00pm, closed Sunday. (Closed December 25—26 and January 1) Entry is free. Arbeia is only a ten—minute walk from the bus station at South Shields. Free car park nearby. Website: www.twmuseums.org.uk/arbeia

1. According to the passage, Arbeia Roman Fort ________.

A．was related to the military	B．got reconstructions around AD 160
C．was built in a small area in Rome	D．provided a comfortable life for soldiers

2. What can visitors do in the museum?

A．See historical objects.	B．Build tombstones for the dead.
C．Write to Romans,	D．Try using old tools and weapons.

3. What time does Arbeia Roman Fort close?

A．On April 1.	B．On October 31.
C．On November 1.	D．On December 26.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Du Fu was a Chinese poet and politician of the Tang Dynasty. Along with Li Bai, he is     1       （frequent） called the greatest of the Chinese poets.     2    （bear） into a scholarly family, Du Fu received a     3    （tradition） Confucian education but failed in the imperial examinations of 735. As a result, he     4    （spend） much of his youth traveling. During his travels he was recognized as a poet and met other poets of the period,     5     （include） the great Li Bai. He had a strong     6     （admire） for this older, freewheeling contemporary.

Du Fu's early poetry celebrated the beauty of the natural world and bemoaned （惋惜）the passage of time. He soon began to write about war—as in “Bingche   xing”・ And with hidden satire （讽刺）9 he wrote “Liren xing",     7     speaks of the luxury （奢侈） of the court. As he matured, and especially during     8     chaotic period of 755 to 759, his poems began to sound a note of sympathy for humanity caught in the senseless war.

Du Fu's irreplaceable position in the history of Chinese literature     9     （rest） on his superb classicism。. He was an expert     10     all poetic styles current in his day, and his mastery was at its height in the lvshi, or "regulated verse”.

3 . The American Craftsman style is a type of design. It was popular from 1900 to the 1930s. It changed the style of building in the United States.

The craftsman style originally began in Europe. The British Arts and Crafts style arose in the 1860s. The unique designs of this movement tried to offer dignity to the common person. Handmade items were preferred because they were thought better than items that were mass-produced. But this British style was still Victorian. It still only served the wealthiest clients.

In 1897 a group of Boston architects brought these handcrafted styles to American. They planned a show of craft objects, which turned out to be a huge success. Here they realized the potential and established the Society of Arts and Crafts on June 28, 1897. Its slogan was “to develop and encourage higher standards in the handicrafts.”

The American style began as the Victorian Era was ending. It emphasized handmade work. Originality and simplicity were highly valued. Local materials and the quality of the handicraft were very important. these traits were meant to dignify the modest homes of the middle class.

These simple designs used glass and wood that were produced locally. They were also very elegant. The metalwork was a reaction to Victorian Opulence. The increase of mass-produced housing items was rejected. The American Craftsman used clean lines. It also relied on sturdy structure. Natural materials were always used in these houses if possible.

This style introduced many changes to the average American home. New designs were made for families without servants. This was a trait of the new middle class. The kitchen went form being a hidden room to a prominent one. Another development was the breakfast nook. This new area provided the family with a place to gather at any time of day.

Also, inspirational to the Craftsman style were the Shaker and Mission designs. The American Craftsman style led to the Art Deco Movement of the 1930s.

1. According to the passage, the American Craftsman style is a type of ________.

A．Shaker and Mission design

B．house made for families with servants

C．design which was popular from 1900 to the 1930s

D．breakfast nook

2. According to Para. 6, all the following are true about the American Craftsman style EXCEPT________.

A．The breakfast nook provided the family with a place to gather.

B．The kitchen became a more prominent room.

C．This style did not make any changes to the middle-class American home.

D．Houses were designed for a new middle class with no servants.

3. The word opulence in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

A．richness	B．greed
C．ugliness	D．distaste