2 . Vasco da Gama, born around 1469 in Sines, Portugal, is best remembered as the first European to sail from Europe to India. The sea ________ he found helped Portugal build a rich empire overseas.

As a young man, studying navigation, he served as an officer in the Portuguese ________. In 1497, he ________ the king of Portugal he could find a sea route to India by sailing around Africa, which would allow Portugal to ________ the rich Indian spice (香料) trade.

Earlier Portuguese expeditions had ________ the southern tip of Africa. But these trips were long, difficult, and ________. Was it possible to travel from Europe to India in a single ________?

In July, Gama ________ from Lisbon with four ships. By January 1498, the expedition ________ Mozambique on Africa’s southeaster coast. But Arab traders in Mozambique ________ disliked Portuguese. They ________ Gama away.

Farther north, on the coast of Kenya, Gama hired an Arab to ________ his ships across the Indian Ocean. In May 1498, for the first time, they arrived at Calicut in India, where pearls, jewels and wonderful spices were ________ for sale. But the king and local merchants refused to ________ with Portuguese.

Then in 1502, Gama made a ________ voyage to Calicut with warships and soldiers. After many ________ battles, Gama ________ the enemy’s warships and killed many locals ________ the king of Calicut surrendered (投降). Gama sailed home ________ with lots of spices. In 1524, Portugal built a valuable trading empire in India. ________. the Portuguese king named Gama the governor of Portugal’s possessions there.

1.

A．product

B．chart

C．kingdom

D．route

2.

A．government

B．navy

C．land force

D．air force

3.

A．convinced

B．cheated

C．appointed

D．acknowledged

4.

A．discuss

B．cut

C．control

D．adopt

5.

A．blocked

B．destroyed

C．occupied

D．rounded

6.

A．dangerous

B．comfortable

C．delicate

D．initial

7.

A．vehicle

B．flight

C．voyage

D．war

8.

A．landed

B．stopped

C．dived

D．departed

9.

A．attacked

B．reached

C．assisted

D．sheltered

10.

A．accidentally

B．possibly

C．exceptionally

D．subsequently

11.

A．blew

B．drove

C．paid

D．dusted

12.

A．navigate

B．drag

C．push

D．leak

13.

A．apart

B．alone

C．available

D．aboard

14.

A．talk

B．bargain

C．live

D．trade

15.

A．first

B．second

C．third

D．fourth

16.

A．bleeding

B．visible

C．secret

D．financial

17.

A．witnessed

B．sank

C．bought

D．repaired

18.

A．because

B．where

C．unless

D．before

19.

A．loaded

B．combined

C．unfolded

D．surrounded

20.

A．However

B．Meanwhile

C．Instead

D．Therefore

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

On January 24, 1848, gold was discovered in the Sierra mountains about 160 km from San Francisco. Everyone     1     (convince) that they could find their fortunes. Thousands of people from all over the country rushed to the hills. So many people came that there existed a critical     2     (short) of food. Even when supplies arrived, their goods were dumped on the beach because there was no place     3     (store) them. As many sailors left their ships to hunt for gold, their ships were pulled to shore and made into stores and hotels.

No one obeyed the law and everything was     4     chaos. People out fighting fires came back to find their house robbed. Many thought the fires were     5     (purpose) set. Angry citizens took the law into their own hands. They     6     (hang) without trial people who they thought were robbers.

But with powerful measures     7     (adopt), the place finally returned to a     8    (harmony) community. Many fortune-hunters did find their fortunes. Some of those,     9     managed to keep their money, built huge houses on Nob Hill. But the fortunes could be lost just as easily. Many lost their money on betting.

By 1855, the gold rush was over. Today, San Francisco is one of the major cities in the United States. And it is all     10     they found gold in those hills.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The word hutong was borrowed from the Mongolian word to mean, “water well”, about 700 years ago. Later it referred to a place     1     people live. Hutong we see today are made up of small lanes     2     (form) by walls of siheyuan. They were built during     3     Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.

When the People’s Republic of China     4     (found) in 1949, there were more than 3,000 hutong. Most of the city’s population lived in this traditional housing.

    5     with the modernization of the city in the 1980s and early 1990s, many hutong were pulled down to build     6     (road), skyscrapers and modern houses. The government has     7     (ultimate) recognized the importance of hutong as Chinese cultural heritage. In 2002, Beijing listed 40 protected historical zones and increased its efforts to restore some key relics and older streets in the city. Nearly 500 hutong     8     (survive) so far.

Hutong that still exist are like oases (绿洲) of calm surrounded by the     9     (noise) city. Walking through them, it is common     10     (see) groups of elderly citizens sitting together playing cards, mahjong or Chinese chess. In the early mornings and evenings, they gather to practice traditional forms of exercise such as taijiquan as well as dancing and singing folk songs or Peking Opera. Hutong have become a museum of Beijing’s folk customs and history.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In Sarek National Park, I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent.     1     (stand) at the edge of the mountain, I find     2     (branch)of the Rapa River flowing through the valley below. Sarek’s mountains used to     3     (cover) by vast sheets of ice. Around 9,000 years ago, this ice     4     (melt), with about 100 glaciers     5     (leave) behind. Soon after, reindeer began to arrive. Following the reindeer     6     (be) the Sami people, who made this territory their home. In 1909, to keep the land’s natural state, the government made Sarek a national park.

For hundreds of years, the Sami lived off reindeer. With reindeer on the move, the Sami would pick     7     their tents and accompany them. Today, most Sami have houses in villages near Sarek and live     8     modern life. But every spring, a small number of Sami still follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek,     9     they live in tents and enjoy their traditions. Nothing could be     10     (good) than breathing the fresh air and enjoying this great adventure in such a beautiful and wild place.

7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Legend has     1     that tofu was discovered by a health-conscious Chinese prince named Liu An more than 2.000 years ago when he     2     (make) an elixir (丹药). He realized that soy milk left in certain conditions coagulated (凝固) and developed a pudding-like substance and that was the beginning of tofu.

It’s     3     (universal) believed that Buddhist monks visiting China brought tofu back to neighbouring countries like Japan.     4     East Asia has been eating tofu for more than 1,000 years, it took a lot longer for it to catch on globally. Benjamin Franklin, one of the United State’s founding fathers, wrote a letter     5     some soy beans attached while he was in London, praising it as a “Chinese cheese” in 1770. The letter was one of the earliest documents on record     6     mentioned tofu in the West. Li Shizeng,     7     enthusiast for tofu, is often credited with making tofu a more widely accepted food outside of Asia. It’s said that he was first sent by the Chinese government to attend a French military school. He ended up     8     (study) at the agricultural school in Montargis and becoming     9     (passion) about promoting tofu in France.

Nowadays, tofu     10     (serve) in a modern way. In many fine restaurants, the menu is designed around its textures. The dishes and ingredients change according to the seasons.

8 . Find yourself at the doorway of any one of the countless temples or ancient buildings in China, and you may see an attractive but just piece of wall, only slightly larger than the entrance. It is Zhaobi, or spirit walls, which have a _________ history, with evidence _________ the earliest examples at more than 3000 years old.

Zhaobi can be _________ outside the entrance of a variety of buildings, and during the Western Zhou dynasty, they were _________ as a symbol of the social position. They were used for only the _________ members of society, such as the king. Seeing Zhaobi outside a building would let passers-by know that this was the house of someone of extreme _________, while also serving the _________ function of _________ as a form of privacy by blocking the _________ from any prying (窥探的) eyes. With the passing of time, Zhaobi came to play a role in fengshui, a practice which __________ achieving harmony and balance in all things. As well as __________ this spiritual protection, their location would allow energy to __________ better.

__________ further forward in time, Zhaobi became a form of expression and __________ with poetry, paintings and characters representing luck appearing on the __________. Recently many companies have __________ Zhaobi to practice the principles of fengshui, __________ that such a structure surely can bring __________ luck and wealth to their business.

It is __________ that these attractive structures give us a __________ of life at a particular time in history.

1.

A．long

B．unique

C．broad

D．mixed

2.

A．doubting

B．guessing

C．approaching

D．dating

3.

A．hidden

B．found

C．affected

D．changed

4.

A．labeled

B．torn

C．constructed

D．printed

5.

A．best

B．cleverest

C．highest

D．healthiest

6.

A．wealth

B．importance

C．knowledge

D．talent

7.

A．practical

B．limited

C．wrong

D．real

8.

A．considering

B．playing

C．walking

D．acting

9.

A．window

B．yard

C．house

D．entrance

10.

A．looked at

B．turned down

C．focused on

D．put aside

11.

A．offering

B．taking

C．cheating

D．using

12.

A．stay

B．flow

C．increase

D．boil

13.

A．Driving

B．Moving

C．Stopping

D．Running

14.

A．ability

B．quantity

C．quality

D．creativity

15.

A．walls

B．stones

C．brick

D．locks

16.

A．quitted

B．adopted

C．decorated

D．finished

17.

A．predicting

B．supposing

C．pretending

D．believing

18.

A．personal

B．ordinary

C．good

D．helpful

19.

A．certain

B．surprising

C．odd

D．worthy

20.

A．book

B．show

C．picture

D．game

10 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, the attitudes to dirt are always changing.

In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, and washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. The king of England did something similar in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. France’s Henry IV was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief above was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbour ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家) , encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.

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