1 . 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When it comes to ancient civilizations, most people think of the Greeks and Romans. It’s understandable as both     1     (shape) modern society in some way so far, whether it be their social, cultural, or political influences. However, dozens of civilizations had been around long     2     the Greeks and Romans, the lesser-known Jiahu people     3     (include).

The Jiahu settlement is located in the central plain of ancient China,     4     area known today as the Henan Province. The people created the country’s oldest recognized civilization. The area is rich in artifacts,     5     (make) it an archaeologist’s dream. Apart from the usual finds, people have uncovered records of the earliest examples of Chinese writing and proof     6     they were producers of the world’s oldest wine. Another remarkable discoveries was the oldest working bone flutes (长笛).     7     (typical) carved from the wing bone of a crane, they were most likely used in special ceremonies. Rough weaving tools and bone needles also     8     (unearth) from the site, indicating that Jiahu residents may have possessed basic weaving and sewing skills 8,500 years ago.

The settlement’s end came around 5700 BCE when the nearby rivers overflowed and flooded the area. It is assumed that the Jiahu people left their home     9     (settle) elsewhere, even though there is no indication as to     10     that might have been.

2 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. How did the Doggerland people make a living?

A．By hunting.

B．By farming.

C．By trading.

2. Who often find the evidence of Doggerland?

A．Scientists.

B．Fishermen.

C．Historians.

3. Which modern issue do researchers warn us about?

A．Climate change.

B．Immigration (移民).

C．Pollution.

4. What is the main subject of the talk?

A．The UK’s ancient flood stories.

B．The danger of flooding in the UK.

C．Ancient flooded land off the UK coast.

3 . The human societies that have the fewest social divisions are known as hunting and gathering societies. As the name implies, these groups depend on hunting and gathering for their survival. In some, the men hunt animals and the women gather plants. In others, both men and women (and children) gather plants, the men hunt large animals, and both men and women hunt small animals. Beyond this basic division of labor by sex, there are few social divisions. The groups usually have a shaman, an individual thought to be able to influence spiritual forces, but shamans, too, must help obtain food.

In addition to sex, the major unit of organization within the group is the family. Most members of the group are related by shared ancestors or marriage. Because the family is the only social structure in these societies, it performs many functions that in modern societies are divided among different institutions. Thus, the family distributes food to its members, educates its children (especially in food skills), gives medicine to the sick, and so on.

Hunters and gatherers are the most equal of all societies. Because the food that they hunt and gather cannot be preserved or stored, the people cannot accumulate possessions. Thus, no one becomes wealthier than anyone else. There are no rulers, and most decisions are arrived at through discussion. Because their needs are basic and they do not accumulate possessions, hunters and gatherers have the most leisure time of all human groups.

All human groups were once hunters and gatherers, and until several hundred years ago, such societies were common. Their way of life ended when other groups took over the areas on which they depended for their food. Today only a few remain, such as the Pygmies of central Africa, the San of the Namibian desert, and the Aborigines of Australia.

1. According to paragraph 1, in hunting and gathering societies, social divisions are mainly based on ________.

A．different responsibilities for finding food

B．how many possessions a person has

C．the size of a person’s family

D．the ability to influence spiritual forces

2. According to the text, in hunting and gathering societies, the most important social structure is ________.

A．education

B．government

C．family

D．religion

3. According to paragraph 3, people in hunting and gathering societies CANNOT ________.

A．store food for future use

B．make decisions as a group

C．meet their basic needs

D．enjoy very much leisure time

4. In paragraph3, the word “possessions” is closest in meaning to ________.

A．knowledge

B．property

C．sickness

D．relationships

5. It can be inferred from the passage that hunting and gathering societies ________.

A．were limited in the past to Africa and Australia

B．no longer exist

C．are the oldest form of human society

D．easily coexist with farming societies

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单同的正确形式。

In an afternoon of 1929, a farmer and his son in a village of China’s Sichuan Province accidentally discovered a true wonder of civilization when     1    (dig) a well. The farmer’s discovery of     2     (treasure) including bronze, gold and jade from the ancient Kingdom of Shu,     3    (provide) evidence for an ancient Chinese civilization that extended beyond China’s central plains 3,000-5,000 years ago. Sanxingdui demonstrated a civilization that had     4     (it) own customs and rituals (仪式), as well as remarkable innovation.

Sichuan Province and its capital Chengdu are a focal point for     5     discovery and research of ancient Chinese civilizations. So far some of China’s oldest historical relics, providing evidence of ancient Chinese crafts, customs and practices,     6    (find) here. Modern Chengdu and surrounding areas are a melting pot of culture and customs inherited from ancient times: taxi drivers recite Du Fu’s poems; performers show bianlian (face-changing) performance     7     they change masks faster than audiences can follow. Each has its roots in ancient Chinese civilization and demonstrates the strong effect ancient civilization has     8     contemporary Sichuanese culture.

Treasures     9    (discover) in Sichuan province play an important role in tracing the emergence of Chinese civilization. Being     10    (natural) fertile (富饶的), the area attracted early settlers, and from sites such as Sanxingdui, archeologists and historians can discover much about Chinese civilization.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Sanxingdui is believed to have sat at the heart of the Shu state, which historians know     1     (relative) little about due to few little written records.

More than 50,000 ancient artifacts     2     (find) at Sanxingdui since the 1920s,    3     a local farmer accidentally came upon a number of relics at the site. A major breakthrough     4     (occur) in 1986, with the discovery of two ceremonial pits     5     (contain) over 1,000 items, elaborate and well-preserved bronze masks included. Many of the items are now     6     display at an on-site museum.

The site has revolutionized experts' understanding of how civilization developed in ancient China. In particular, evidence of a unique Shu culture suggested that the kingdom developed independently of neighboring societies in the Yellow River Valley, which was considered to be     7     cradle (摇篮)of Chinese civilization.

The discovery of silk fibers and the remains of textiles may also expand     8     (we) understanding of the Shu. Head of the excavation team, Tang Fei, said in a press conference that the discovery indicates that the kingdom “was one of the important     9    (origin) of silk in ancient China”.

Though not yet     10    (recognize) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Sanxingdui is on the organization's "tentative list"   for possible future inclusion.