1 . Lost cities that have been found

The White City

In 2015, a team of explorers to Honduras in search of"the Lost City of the Monke God"led to the discovery of the White City. They found the ruins in the Mosquitia region of the Central American country which is known for poisonous snakes, vicious jaguars and deadly insects. It is believed that local people hid here when the Spanish conquerors(征服者) occupied their homeland in the16th century.

Canopus and Heracleion

Modern researchers were teased by the ancient writings about the Egyptian cities Canopus and Heracleion- where Queen Cleopatra often visited. But the cities weren’t found until 1992, when a search in Alexandria waters found that the two cities had been flooded for centuries. Artifacts(史前器物) showed that the cities once highly developed as a trade network, which helped researchers piece together more about the last queen of Egypt.

Machu Picchu

A Yale professor discovered "the Lost City in the Clouds"in 1911. A combination of palaces, plazas, temples and homes, Machu Picchu displays the Inca Empire at the height of its rule. The city, which was abandoned in the 16th century for unknown reasons,was hidden by the local people from the Spanish conquerors for centuries keeping it so well preserved.

Troy

The ancient city of Troy in homer's The Iliad was considered a fictional setting for his characters to run wild. But in 1871, explorations in northwestern Turkey exposed nine ancient cities layered (层叠) on top of each other, the earliest dating back to about 5,000 years before. It was later determined that the sixth or seventh layer contained the lost city of Troy and that it was actually destroyed by an earthquake, not a wooden horse.

1. Why did people hide in the White City in the 16th century?

A．To survive the war

B．To search for a lost city.

C．To protect their country.

D．To avoid dangerous animals

2. Which of the following was related to a royal family member?

A．The White City

B．Canopus and Heracleion

C．Machu Picchu

D．Troy

3. What can we learn about Troy?

A．It was built by Homer.

B．It consisted of nine cities

C．It had a history of 5,000 years

D．It was ruined by a natural disaster.

2 . 语法填空

Confucius(孔子)is honored     1     setting the tone for much traditional Chinese music for thousands of years. He    2    (think)to be a music teacher and a     3     (talent) musician who was able to play several instruments expertly. Perhaps for other people around the world, music was meant mainly for amusement.     4     during the time of the Zhou Dynasty about 500BC, music had an important role in making society stable.

How music was used and performed is expressed in several main Confucian books. Confucius taught that     5    (educate) somebody, you should start with poems, emphasize ceremonies, and finish with music.

Musical knowledge was     6     matter of higher learning. It is said that he thought of the six most important     7    (subject) to study, ranking music higher than the other five necessary subjects like writing and mathematics.

Music was so important because the ideal society was to be governed by ritual (礼制)functions, but not by law. In a culture     8     people function according to ritual, music is used to help govern them. So music wasn't really     9    (entertain), but a means for musicians to accomplish political and social goals. Music is     10    (eventual) a means for social happiness.

3 . Believe it nor not, ancient Chinese people had their own methods of heat preservation in winter.

• “Wen Ding”, ancient rice cooker

The “Wen Ding”, an ancient cooking container, preserved heat by burning fuels like charcoal. The one unearthed in Nanjing in 1989 is thought to be the oldest of its kind discovered in China, dating back to the Stone Age.

• “Ran Lu”, ancient small hot pot

The “Ran Lu” is a small-sized cooking vessel (器皿) made of bronze. A charcoal stove forms the main structure, with a bottom tray to hold charcoal ashes, and a movable cup at the top. Some experts have concluded that the vessel’s structure suggests that these vessels became popular in the Warring States Period (475—221 BC).

• Bronze You, ancient kettle

The Bronze You, one of the most common wine containers during the Shang and Zhou, dynasties, could also be used to warm wine. For example, the Bronze You with beast mask design, unearthed in Jiangxi province, had an opening where charcoals could be placed, allowing people to enjoy a hot drink.

• Bronze Yan, ancient steamer

Although the “Wen Ding” was effective at keeping food warm, ancient Chinese people later found that its burning produced pollution. As a result, the Bronze Van was made with a two-tier (双层的) structure and used to steam rice and other grains. After the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-AD 220), further improvements to the Bronze Yan led to the modern day steamer.

1. When did the “Ran Lu” begin to gain popularity?

A．In the Zhou Dynasty	B．In the Warring States Period.
C．In the Eastern Han Dynasty.	D．In the Stone Age.

2. One of the main functions of the Bronze You was to       .

A．place hot charcoals	B．pour hot water
C．keep wine warm	D．hold charcoal ashes

3. One advantage the Bronze Yan had over the “Wen Ding” was that       .

A．it was useful	B．it was convenient
C．it was environment-friendly	D．it was warm

4. According to the passage, which of the following may have the longest history?

A．The “Wen Ding”.	B．The “Ran Lu”.
C．The Bronze You.	D．The Bronze Yan.