1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

DUJIANGYAN

Originally     1     (construct) around 256 BCE by the State of Qin as an irrigation and flood control system, Dujiangyan is a remarkable example of ancient engineering skill and is still     2     use today. During the Warring States period, people who lived along the     3     (bank) of the Min River were troubled by annual flooding. Qin governor and irrigation engineer Li Bing investigated the problem thoroughly. He led a team to construct alevee (堤坝) to redirect a portion of the river’s flow. Then they cut a channel through Mount Yulei to discharge the excess water.     4     the system was finished, no more floods occurred. What’s more,     5     made Sichuan one of the most productive agricultural regions in China because the redirected water from the Min River could be used for irrigation. If you visit Dujiangyan, you will see an     6     (usual) construction that resembles a fish’s mouth. This famous attraction, Yuzui, together with two other important parts,     7     (name), Feishayan and Baopingkou,     8     (design) to control the water flow throughout the year. Recognised as     9     UNESCO heritage site, Dujiangyan has irrigated farms while     10     (prevent) floods for over 2,000 years.

2 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

When it comes to ancient civilizations, most people think of the Greeks and Romans. It’s understandable, as both     1     (shape) modern society in some way so far, whether it be their social, cultural, or political influences. However, dozens of civilizations had been around long     2     the Greeks and Romans, the lesser-known Jiahu people     3     (include).

The Jiahu settlement is located in the central plain of ancient China,     4     area known today as the Henan Province. The people created the country’s oldest recognized civilization. The area is rich in artifacts,     5     (make) it an archaeologist’s dream. Apart from the usual finds, people have uncovered records of the earliest examples of Chinese writing and proof     6     they were producers of the world’s oldest wine. Another remarkable discovery was the oldest working bone flutes (长笛).     7     (typical) carved from the wing bone of a crane, they were most likely used in special ceremonies. Rough weaving tools and bone needles also     8     (unearth) from the site, indicating that Jiahu residents may have possessed basic weaving and sewing skills 8, 500 years ago.

The settlement’s end came around 5700 BCE when the nearby rivers overflowed and flooded the area. It is an     9     (assume) that the Jiahu people left their home to settle elsewhere, even though there is no indication about     10     that might have been.

3 . In 1999, journalist Nicholas D. Kristof reported a surprising encounter on a tiny African island. Here, Kristof met a number of elderly men who told him that they were descendants of Chinese sailors many centuries ago. Their ancestors had traded with local Africans, who had given them giraffes to take back to China.     1    

Six centuries ago, a large number of Chinese ships crossed the sea, then travelled west to East Africa.     2     These great expeditions brought a vast web of trading links under Chinese government control.

    3     Most of the trading involved spices, wood, and medicines. Zheng He brought them back to the capital. Although these goods were mainly presented to the emperor for his consumption and disposal, foreign ambassadors coming to China were permitted to trade with locals in the capital for handsome profits, which also allowed ordinary Chinese to benefit from international trade.

    4     In the regions they visited, Zheng He and his fleet remained a long-lasting theme in popular Southeast Asia folk tales. Two surviving records of the expeditions provide detailed accounts of unique Chinese navigation technologies of the time, leaving Chinese rich maritime legacy (遗产) to later generations.

However, the Chinese expedition never sought to establish colonial (殖民的) rule over these oceans by military force.     5     China’s maritime dominance disappeared suddenly in the 1430s because of domestic changes, and the overseas expeditions were eventually ended by the court. All this happened only decades before the occurrence of the great age of European discovery and exploration.

A．Zheng He’s great voyage started at the port of Nanjing.

B．Seven times, the treasure fleets set sail for the unknown.

C．Apart from the economic impact, there was more cultural print.

D．The actual economic impact of the expedition was difficult to evaluate.

E．Zheng He exchanged China’s products for foreign luxuries and daily products.

F．Instead, it was intended to facilitate international and trade relationships with others.

G．If it’s true, this remote village is evidence of an episode of maritime exploration in China.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Silk Road is neither an actual road nor a single route. It instead refers to a trade network which     1     (date) from the Han dynasty of China. German geographer and traveler Ferdinand first used the term “silk road” in 1877 C.E.     2     (describe) the well-traveled pathway of goods between Europe and East Asia. Although the trade network is commonly referred to     3     the Silk Road, some historians favor the term Silk Routes because it better reflects the many paths     4     (take) by traders.

One of the most     5     (influence) travelers of the Silk Road was Marco Polo. He traveled with his father to China when he was just 17. Upon his return, he wrote about his adventures,     6     (make) him and the routes he traveled famous.

From China, merchants carried silk to Europe, where it was well received by the nobility and wealthy people.     7     traveled together with silk from Asia were jade, porcelain, tea and spices. In exchange, horses, glassware, textiles and manufactured goods traveled eastward.

The significance of the Silk Road to human history has received widespread     8     (recognize). Towns along     9     routes grew into multicultural cities. The exchange of information gave rise to new technologies and innovations     10     would change the world. Today, parts of the Silk Road are listed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List.

7 . In 1937, the aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China’s three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied by Japanese troops, while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing. To save their educational and intellectual heritage, the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University, otherwise known as Lianda.

Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2,000 kilometres, most of them on foot. Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs. Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of China.

However, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, over period of eight long years, that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academic s of Lianda.

With the country at war, students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty. Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers from any campus in China. Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters, one tenth were from Lianda, including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong.

A product of the war, Lianda is now physically gone. But it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students, but also because of the school’s strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.

More than eighty years on, the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed. It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation, with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era.

1. What caused Lianda to be formed in Kunming?

A．Thinkers’ academic struggles.	B．Immense challenges.
C．Japanese aggression.	D．Educational heritage.

2. How did most students get to Kunming?

A．On foot.

B．By air.

C．By bus.

D．By bike.

3. What caused many students to join the army to defeat the invaders?

A．A sense of personal loss.	B．A sense of trust.
C．A sense of achievement.	D．A sense of commitment.

4. What message does the text convey about Lianda University?

A．Its campus remains a historical site.

B．This wartime system should now be re-established.

C．It becomes less and less important as time goes on.

D．Its spirit and contributions are key to China’s educational history.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

With time    1     (go) by, styles in Western art have changed a lot. During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was     2     (represent) religious themes. But it was     3     (evidence) that ideas changed when painters began to paint in a more realistic way. People in the Renaissance adopted a more humanistic attitude     4     life. During this period, rich people     5     (pay) famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their     6     (activity) and achievements. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed. From the late 19th century, the Impressionists     7    paintings were thought ridiculous drew     8     (quick) to show how light and shadow fell on objects. Today, they     9     (accept) as the beginning of modern art. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract, but on    10     other hand, some is realistic. It is not easy to predict the painting styles in the future.

9 . In 1968 a grave dating from about 1100 was uncovered near Hattula, in Finland, Little remained of the occupant’s skeleton, but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally suggest said occupant was a man. The skeleton was, _______ also decorated with brooches (胸针) and woollen clothing of types more usually worn at the time by women. This _______ guess that the burial was actually of a powerful woman, possibly a local ruler in her own right rather than just the wife of a male king.

This would be noteworthy enough. But a re-examination of the remains, just published in the European Journal of Archaeology by Ulla Moilanen of the University of Turku and Elina Salmela of the University of Helsinki, suggests the truth may be yet more _______. Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual _______ may have had outward characteristics of both a man and a woman.

In 1968 working out the _______ of a skeleton in an ancient grave was tricky. After years of deterioration, the bones of men and women look pretty much _______. But that was before the use of DNA became possible. So Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela thought it worth trying again.

Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. Find DNA from a Y-chromosome in a skeleton and the chances are the body was _______. And, looking at a fragment of femur brought to her by Ms. Moilanen, who is the archaeologist in the _______, Dr. Salmela, who is the geneticist, did indeed find such DNA. But not much of it. That led her to wonder about contamination (污染), but also to consider whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) _______ X-chromosome that was swamping the signal from the Y.

Having an abnormal number of sex chromosomes is rare, but not vanishingly so. The particular ________ XXY leads to what is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. To determine the occupant’s karyotype (染色体组型) from the tiny amount of DNA available, Dr. Salmela drew ________ with living people. The grave delivered 8,329 pieces, so she used a computer to draw samples of similar size from the genomes of living people with various karyotypes, including XXY, and also from mixtures of both sexes, to ________ contamination. She then compared these with the DNA from the grave and ________ it was 99.75% probable the individual concerned bad indeed had Klinefelter’s syndrome.

While Dr Salmela was working all this out, Ms. Moilanen and her team had another look at the grave. They confirmed that it was a ________ burial. For instance, they found evidence of fine furs, probably from foxes. Clearly, this was a well-respected human being, but what led to that ________ in a world then dominated by male values is a matter of puzzle. Perhaps the person came from a family powerful enough for such things not to matter.

1.

A．therefore

B．what’s more

C．nevertheless

D．for instance

2.

A．intensified

B．classified

C．dismissed

D．compared

3.

A．dull

B．engaging

C．unpleasant

D．frightening

4.

A．in question

B．at large

C．by comparison

D．with doubt

5.

A．composition

B．age

C．sex

D．origin

6.

A．distinct

B．unidentified

C．alike

D．broken

7.

A．female

B．old

C．young

D．male

8.

A．cooperation

B．authority

C．institute

D．adventure

9.

A．restored

B．extra

C．missing

D．dominant

10.

A．requirement

B．interest

C．combination

D．emphasis

11.

A．inspirations

B．lessons

C．inferences

D．comparisons

12.

A．eliminate

B．monitor

C．imitate

D．generate

13.

A．rejected

B．concluded

C．recalled

D．confessed

14.

A．high-status

B．secret

C．religious

D．peaceful

15.

A．conclusion

B．evidence

C．respect

D．solution

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Huang He Valley, also     1     (refer) to as the Yellow River Valley, was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization, because of     2     it is often called “Mother River”. The valley is at the center of thousands of years of Chinese history.     3     China’s second-longest river, the Huang He is over 5, 400 kilometers long. It is called the Yellow River because its waters carry sand and mud,     4     (give) the river its yellow-brown color.

While the river helps create fertile land that is suited for farming, during certain times of the year the Huang He     5     (frequent) overflows, which damages housing and crops across the North China Plain,     6     important agricultural region. For thousands of years, the Chinese     7     (conduct) major public projects to keep control of the water from the Huang He, including hydroelectric dams in modern times. Despite the possibility of flooding, the Huang He Valley basin is home to a huge population, and many of the country’s oldest cities     8     (locate) along the river.

Tribes and villages appeared from around 2100 BC to 1600 BC in the Huang He Valley. During that time, tribal leaders came together to solve the problem of the Huang He overflowing and wiping out their villages and crops. With the ability     9     (control) the Huang He better and save their crops from flooding, a number of     10     (dynasty) were then headquartered in the region. The valley became the center of Chinese culture, society and learning.