1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Located in Wuhan City as a landmark (地标), the Yellow Crane Tower has     1    very long history. Due to the perfect position, it was first built by Sun Quan as a watchtower for his army in 223. After what seemed     2     (hundred) of years, its military function was     3     (gradual) forgotten and the tower was enjoyed mainly as a picturesque (优美的) location.

During the Tang Dynasty, many popular poems were written in praise of the Yellow Crane Tower.     4     was the Yellow Crane Tower poem that made the tower so famous and attractive. During the following centuries, it     5     (destroy) and rebuilt several times.

The Yellow Crane Tower had different architectural features in different dynasties. However, the tower     6     stands today was rebuilt in a new place in 1981     7    completed in 1985. It is based on the old tower     8     (design) during the Qing Dynasty, standing 51.4 meters high. The     9     (appear) of the Yellow Crane Tower remains the same despite the direction it is viewed from.

On top of the tower, visitors are treated to a fantastic view of the Yangtze River, its bridge and the     10     (surround) buildings in Wuhan City.

Enjoying the fame (名声) of “The First Scenery under Heaven”, the Yellow Crane Tower is one of the most famous towers south of the Yangtze River.

The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are     1    (confuse) by what these different names mean. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland     2    (add) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,     3     resulted in the full name we have today. The four countries, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland belong     4     the United Kingdom. They use the same flag,     5    (know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military     6    (defend). However, they also have some differences.

The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore. Some of the Romans’ great     7    (achieve) included building towns and roads. The Normans conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles     8     (build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words     9    (slow) entered into the English language. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more     10     (enjoy).

I felt lucky to go on a cultural tour to two sites of lost civilisations --- Pompeii in Italy and Loulan in China. Pompeii was founded in the 8th century BC. Then it    1    (take) over by the Romans in 89 BC. Later, a volcano erupted and covered Pompeii with ash(灰).     2    (unfortunate), many people were buried alive and so was the city. It was forgotten for many years until the 8th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it. People started to dig in the area for treasures and had some of them     3    (destroy). Thus, in 1860, the area was put under government     4     (protect) so it could be preserved and studied.

Differently, Loulan,     5    (know) as China’s Pompeii in the desert(沙漠), is believed to have been gradually covered by sandstorms from AD 200     6     AD 400. Around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the     7    (ruin) of the Loulan Kingdom. Interestingly, there was     8    ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down,     9     resulted in the city being buried by sand.

They were both important commercial(商业的) cities about 2,000 years ago.     10     was a pity that they disappeared forever.

You may think you cannot live through summer without air conditioners. But in ancient China, hand fans were almost the only help for people       1     (drive) the heat away.

Chinese people started to use hand fans over 2,000 years ago. The fans came       2     different shapes, such as round and square and they were made from various materials. Palm leaf fans were cheap and easy to make. Feather fans showed the owner’s high status. Sandalwood fans     3     (send) out a fragrant smell.

    4     (late), hand fans became more than something     5     could cool you down. They developed into art works, in which tuanshan and zheshan were the most common.

Shaped like     6     full moon, tuanshan was usually made of silk. They had beautiful embroidery(刺绣) featuring birds and flowers on them. Females, especially     7    (woman) in the royal palace,liked to use them. Poets in ancient China often compared a woman’s abandoned fate to tuanshan. A poet wrote during the Qing Dynasty, “If only life were as     8     (beauty) as when we first met, why should the autumn wind bother to pity deserted painted fans?”

Meanwhile, men, especially the literati (文人), used zheshan. The literati liked them because they could paint and write poems on them.     9     was a way for them to show off their talent in literature, painting and calligraphy. Almost anything could     10       (paint) on zheshan, but the most popular ones usually featured landscapes.

The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history     1     (explore), which can help you understand much more about the country and traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you     2     (surround) by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times     3     history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great     4     (achieve) included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the     5     (begin) of the English language， and,     6     (change) the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century, leaving     7     of new vocabulary, and also the names of locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles     8     (build) all around England and made changes to the     9     (illegal) system. The Normans were French,     10       many French words slowly entered into the English language.

The Silk Road linked ancient Rome and     1     （ distance） China. It was once the greatest network of trade routes （路线） on earth，     2     traveled precious goods along， such as silk and gold， as well

With time going by， it     4     （begin） to decline. The traffic slowed， the merchants（商人）1eft and     5     （final） its towns disappeared beneath the desert sands to be forgotten for a thousand years；     6     ， tales grew up of lost cities     7     （fill） with treasures and evil spirits guarding them. In the early years of the last century， foreign explorers started to look into these stories and very soon an international race started for the art treasures of the Silk Road Huge wall paintings， sculptures and priceless antiques were carried away by the ton， and today     8     （show） in the museums of many countries.

Contrary to the destroyers， China is trying to bring back the ancient concept of the Silk Road. Aimed at carrying forward the spirit of peace， cooperation， openness and inclusiveness （包容） for     9     （share） benefits through concrete projects， the New Silk Road has already received a warm response from more than 60 countries and     10     number of the international organizations.

Yin Xu, also known as the Ruins of Yin, is one of the oldest and largest archaeological sites (考古遗址) in China, which has also been confirmed     1     the first site of a capital in Chinese history.

Around 1300 B.C., the     2     (twenty) king of the Shang dynasty, Pan Geng, moved his capital to Yin. He built a prosperous and stable city,     3     (exist) through eight generations and twelve kings for 255 years. It created the brilliant Yin-Shang Civilization,     4     is of priceless value in terms of history, culture, art and science. Under the Zhou dynasty, Yin was left to fall into ruin. Afterwards, the once-great city of Yin passed into silence until its rediscovery in 1899.

    5     (locate) in the northwest of Anyang, Henan province, Yin Xu has two main sites, covering     6     area of 30,000 square kilometers. Yin Xu conveys the     7     (society) life of the late Shang dynasty, reflecting highly developed science and architectural technology including bronze casting (铸铜) and a calendar system. This great discovery helped to track recorded Chinese history nearly one thousand years earlier. Yin Xu     8     (add) to the World Cultural Heritage List in 2006. Not     9     (surprise), it stands first on the list of China’s 100 major archaeological     10     (discover) in last century.

When foreigners negotiate, or register in certain areas of China, they may be     1    (surprise) at Chinese’s special fondness and preference for seals. To Chinese, seals are an art of deep cultural roots,     2     combines the essence of both calligraphy(书法) and sculpture and inspires generations to study, to appreciate and to collect.

It is believed that seals came out as early     3     8,000 years ago after our ancestors could make pottery wares(陶瓷)and had private property. They were assumed to make marks on     4    (they) own possessions to prevent them from being stolen. When the first dynasty     5    (found),the king began to use seals to empower(授权)and to show lordly credits. Only the king’s special seal was then called “Xi”,     6    (represent) the highest authority. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, had his “Xi”    7    (make) out of the invaluable and beautiful jade “Heshi Bi”.

Then the local governments also needed seals for     8     same function. Meanwhile, private seals were carved in a variety of lucky     9    (character)and vivid animal patterns.    10    (gradual). the sphragistics (印章学) came into being.