1 . 语法填空

Some inventions happen in strange ways. The potato chip is one of them.

Moon’s Lake House was     1     restaurant in New York in the 1850s. George Crum was the cook there. Many rich people often came to the restaurant     2     (enjoy) his cooking.

The one thing that really upset Crum was     3     a customer complained about the food and sent it back to the kitchen to be done over. He would often return it overcooked. He was happy to see the customer walk out of the restaurant     4     (angry).

On August 24, 1853, a customer returned his fried potatoes to the kitchen,     5     they weren’t crunchy (脆的) enough. Crum reacted in his     6     (usually) way. He cut the potatoes very thin and cooked them in hot oil. They were so crunchy and Crum was sure that the man would refuse     7     (eat) them. Instead, the man loved them. He even asked for more.

Now, do you know     8     invented the potato chip? It’s George Crum! He     9     (late) set up his own restaurant. He named it Crum’s House. He put baskets of his potato chips on all the tables. They made his restaurant a very popular place.

Today, potato chips are one of Americans’     10     (favor) foods!

People send birthday wishes using cards and postcards in many cultures. It is not known when and where the tradition of     1     (send) birthday cards began, however, it is believed     2     it was in England in the early nineteenth century. In those days, people sent birthday cards because they couldn’t wish somebody a happy birthday     3     person.

In 1840, the first postage stamp was issued (发行) in Britain and sending birthday cards became       4     (cheap) and therefore more popular. The development of colour printing processes in the 1930s also helped to increase sales of cards.

Today usually cards are given with    5     present, even when people can send     6     (they) wishes in person. In recent times, e-cards have also become popular: many people are starting to use these instead of traditional cards as they     7    (be) free, environmentally    8     (friend) and arrive more quickly. So will e-cards take the place of paper cards in ten or twenty years? Probably not. For young     9     (child) and old people or for very formal occasions (正式场合) e-cards are not proper and some people     10     (simple) don’t use the Internet.

England became England, the land of English-speaking people, at the beginning of the Middle Ages.     1     that it had been the home of Iron Age Tribes known as Celts, and for a time, part of the Roman Empire. Then beginning in the 400s AD, tribes from the north, known as the angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes,     2     (move) in.

The most famous leader of this time period in England was Alfred the Great. Alfred lived in Wessex, the kingdom of the West Saxons, which     3     (locate) in the southern part of England. He was a good leader     4     made his kingdom stronger. He created a system of defenses (防御),     5     (call) burhs, across the country. He reorganized the army so that his men     6     have time to fight and time to farm. Alfred’s efforts protected his people from the Vikings and allowed Wessex to grow. Eventually the rulers of Wessex would rule all of England.

Alfred also made other improvements. He made laws for his people. He encouraged learning and translated several important books     7     his Saxon language. This was     8     modern people think of as the start of the language we call English today.

Two important pieces of literature from that time period are the anglo-Saxon Chronicle and Beowulf, both     9     (write) in old English. Old English lasted through most of the Middle Ages. Middle English came in during the late Middle ages and modern English began about the time of the renaissance.

England and English got their names, not from the Saxons, but from one of the other tribes, and Angles. The original name of England must have been     10     like Angle-land (only in old English of course).