1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Gan De was an ancient Chinese astronomer born in the State of Qi. Along with Shi Shen, he is believed to be the first     1     history known by name to produce a star catalogue (星表). He made     2    (extreme) detailed observations of the five major planets during the     3    (four) century.

Gan De may have been the first to describe one of the     4    (satellite) of Jupiter (木星), usually invisible without the aid of telescopes. He gave the following     5    (describe) of Jupiter’s journey: Every 12 years Jupiter returns to     6     same position in the sky; every 370 days it disappears in the fire of the Sun in the evening to the west, 30 days later it reappears in the morning to the east... In 1981, Gan’s work     7    (identify) by Xi Zezong as describing a naked-eye observation of either of the two     8    (large) and brightest satellites in summer 365 BC.

Gan was one of the earliest practitioners of Chinese astronomy. As the earliest attempt     9    (document) the sky during the Warring States period, Gan De’s work possesses high scientific value. He wrote two books, the Suixing Jing and the Tianwen Xingzhan,     10     sadly both texts have been lost. Some of his works’ titles and fragments (片段) quoted from them are known from later texts.

There is so much more to learn    1    the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.    2    (study) the history of the country will make your visit much more    3    (enjoy) .The capital city London is a great place    4    (start), as it is    5    ancient port city    6    has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of    7    (museum) with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new    8    old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be    9    (surprise) to find that you can see both     10    (it) past and its present.

Xi’an, or Chang’an as it was called for many centuries,     1     (be) a built-up urban area for over 3000 years, and once served as capital for 13 dynasties. It is home     2     many immovable cultural heritages,three of     3     are on the UNESCO’s world cultural heritage list.

These days, the city has made effective exploration in     4     (build) modernity while protecting historical legacy(遗产). A recent piece of news announced by Shaanxi’s cultural relic authority caused nationwide attention     5     a ruin of ancient capital dating back to Qin Dynasty was unearthed(出土) during the construction of the Xi’an Metro(地铁)Line 5. In order to protect the ruin, the metro line may have to change     6     (it) route.

    7     (face) with the heavy and important task of protecting cultural relics while promoting urban construction, Xi’an made active     8     (attempt). Rails of the metro system are built 15 to 20 metersunderground in order to protect the ancient tombs which are     9     (usual) buried in the layer within 5 meters from the surface level. Besides，the metro constructors have also painted the walls inside the stations with historical stories, presenting     10     visual feast(盛宴) for citizens.

Cuju was developed in China around 500 B. C. and was played with a leather ball. It is considered by FIFA as the     1     ( early ) form of football. During the Han Dynasty, the popularity of Cuju     2     ( spread) from the army to the royal courts and upper classes. It     3     ( say) that Emperor Wu of nan enjoyed the   sport. Cuju     4     ( match) were often held inside the imperial palace.

Cuju was further developed     5    . the Tang Dynasty. There were dozens of well-organized Cuju leagues in Chang'an.     6     was then the capital of the Empire. The rules, fields and facilities for Cuju became more advanced, for example, balls filled with air and Cuju goals appeared during this period.     7     was also during this age that similar games were being played in Korea and Japan, and     8     (gradual) worldwide.

Cuju was most developed during the Song Dynasty because of the social and economic development. At that time,     9     (profession) Cuju players were quite popular. They fell into two groups: One was trained by and performed for the royal court and the other talented civilians who made a     10     (live) as Cuju players.

Beijing's Forbidden City is a place full     1    wonder. From its thousands of rooms to its many beautiful artifacts(工艺品), it's one of China's most popular tourist     2    (destination). But even more than 600 years after it was built,  it's still managing to serve up surprises. Since     3    Ming Dynasty, it's estimated that the Forbidden City     4    (survive) more than 200 earthquakes. And while most structures aren't made     5    (resist) natural disasters, it seems that the Forbidden City was built to stand up to anything. According to experts, the answer to the Forbidden City's strength     6    (lie) in Dougong—a centuries-old building method     7    (invent) in China. This is the name for special structures on buildings that are perfect at     8    (keep) structures together     9    the weather gets rough. The Forbidden City draws visitors because of its rich history and     10    (culture) significance, but perhaps it should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter.