1 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China is widely known     1     its ancient civilization. There are many factors for its     2       (survive) , one of which is the Chinese writing system.

At the beginning,     3     (write) Chinese was a picture-based language. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols     4     (become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided     5    (geography), leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. It was during the Qin Dynasty     6     the Chinese writing system began to develop     7     one direction. The writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. It has also become an important means by which China’s present     8     (connect) with its past.

Today, the Chinese writing system is still     9     important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a     10     (great) role in global affairs, an increasing number of people are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Music is in the corners of everyday life. It is said to be beneficial       1    us both physically and mentally.

There are many ways to make music. For example, if you blow into bamboos or shells,       2    ( permit) air to come in, they can produce pleasant music. A recent     3     (discover) suggests that music was played much earlier     4     we think. In 1995, deep in     5     cave in Slovenia     6     was occupied 45,000 years ago by Neanderthals, a leg bone of a bear with four finger holes was found .The finding suggested that flutes(笛子)had come into existence at that time. Later, many other traditional musical instruments like drums     7     (dig) out from under ground. Ancient people even     8    (seek) a way to make music out of a bow(弓) intended for hunting, so we have to admit that they did have a great gift for music. But if     9    (exact) dated, the Neanderthal flute is by far the     10    (early) known example of music.

Now music can be found in every known culture, and even the most distant groups have a certain form of music.

3 . 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Wood-block printing first appeared in the early Tang period. During the Song dynasty the technique of block printing was very advanced. Books were    1    (beautiful) printed. Even today   the books    2    (print) at the time are valuable and treasured by libraries and book collectors.

However block printing    3     (be) not very convenient. Every two pages of a book had to be carved on a wood block and a big book would require many blocks. Besides there had to be large places for storing the books.     4    (overcome) these shortcomings ，Bi Sheng invented the movable type during the years between 1041 and 1048. One word was carved on one piece of clay     5    was hardened with fire. Then clay characters were set on    6    iron plate according to the text of a book.

Then ink was applied to them and     7     (sheet) of paper spread over them and the printing was done. Bi Sheng’s invention made printing faster and easier    8    before. Later movable type of metal and wood was made and widely used.

The technique of printing was gradually known to other Asian countries and Europe. The great influence printing had    9    the advance of civilization is too clear to need any    10     (explain).

4 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

When foreigners negotiate, or register in certain areas of China, they may be     1    (surprise) at Chinese’s special fondness and preference for seals. To Chinese, seals are an art of deep cultural roots,     2     combines the essence of both calligraphy(书法) and sculpture and inspires generations to study, to appreciate and to collect.

It is believed that seals came out as early     3     8,000 years ago after our ancestors could make pottery wares(陶瓷)and had private property. They were assumed to make marks on     4    (they) own possessions to prevent them from being stolen. When the first dynasty     5    (found),the king began to use seals to empower(授权)and to show lordly credits. Only the king’s special seal was then called “Xi”,     6    (represent) the highest authority. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, had his “Xi”    7    (make) out of the invaluable and beautiful jade “Heshi Bi”.

Then the local governments also needed seals for     8     same function. Meanwhile, private seals were carved in a variety of lucky     9    (character)and vivid animal patterns.    10    (gradual). the sphragistics (印章学) came into being.

5 . 语法填空

Cholera was a deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure     1     (understand). So thousands of     2     (terrify) people died when there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to solve     3     problem. He knew that cholera would not be controlled     4     its cause was found.

He became interested in two theories     5     possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera     6     (multiply) in the air. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease     7     their bodies with their meals.

John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready    8     (begin) his enquiry. With all the evidence he gathered, John Snow was able to announce with     9     (certain) that polluted water carried the virus.     10     (final) “King Cholera” was defeated.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Dujiangyan is the oldest man-made water system in the world, and a wonder in the development of Chinese science.     1    (build) over 2, 200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering     2    (achieve) is still used today.

In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands     3    (suffer) from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River.     4    (help) the victims of the flooding, Li Bing, the region governor, together with his son, decided to find a solution. Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally.     5    (good) still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making     6     suitable for farming.

Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live     7    (peaceful). Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature. Unlike modern dams     8     the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally,     9     (enable) ecosystem(生态系统) and fish populations to exist     10     harmony.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Xuan paper, known as one of the Four Treasures of Study, first came into     1     (exist) in Xuan Prefecture in the Tang dynasty. The traditional skill of making the paper     2     hand has been passed down through generations. The process takes as many as 100 steps, all of     3     require a level of delicacy.

Take papermaking master Zhou Donghong for example. He uses a fine screen to filter(过滤) a mixture of water and fibers. He lifts it up, and it’s a sheet of paper. It takes him and his partner only 15 seconds     4     (form) and shape it, but they’ve devoted     5     (them) to perfecting the skills for decades.

“There are a lot of tricks of filtering the fibers, and timing is the     6     (difficult) part of all. We have only one chance to filter the right amount of fibers, and only the proper weight guarantees the paper is neither too thin nor too thick, and the margin for error is     7     (extreme) small,” said Zhou. With just the right degree of thickness, top quality Xuan paper holds ink and water tightly.

The skill of papermaking,     8     (recognize) as a national treasure, has also proven to be an international one. We felt     9     great sense of pride as it was listed as a world intangible culture heritage(非物质文化遗产) by UNESCO in 2009. Since then, in Jingxian County, Xuan papermaking     10    (teach) in schools.

8 .         Lake Titicaca, a famous lake in South America, lies on the border between Bolivia and Peru. But the lives of the ancient people, who once lived around the lake and     1    culture was thought to be highly developed, have long remained a secret. Recently, however, scientists     2    (take) part in an exploration project at the lake have found     3    1000-year-old temple beneath the water.
        Divers from the study group have discovered a building that scientists think is the remains of a temple     4    (build) by the people who once lived beside the lake. The project leaders hope to begin raising     5    (value) materials from the site later this week     6    bad weather forces a change in their plans.
        “The scientists have not yet had the chance to study the materials     7    (careful),” said the project     8    (found), John Aubi. “But some have put forward the idea that the remains date from this period because they are similar     9    those found elsewhere.”
        So far, they     10    (make) more than 200 dives into water 30 metres deep. During these dives, they have been recording the ancient remains on film. There will be a meeting, starting later this year to review the film.

9 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea,     1     Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might     2     (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal     3     (create) special designs.

The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots,     4     (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time,     5     the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.

Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which     6    (gradual) turned into chopsticks.

Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,     7     lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the     8     (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and     9     (be) too violent for use at the table.

Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat     10     their hands.