1 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Several large wooden constructions     1     ( date) back to the Neolithic era（新石器时代) were unearthed at the Jijiaocheng ruins site, a prehistoric cultural site located in Changde City, central China's Hunan Province.

First discovered in 1978,the site used     2     ( be) a city from the Qujialing culture period (3300 BC-2600 BC) - a Neolithic civilization,     3     had roots in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River primarily     4     (find) in today's Hunan and Hubei provinces.

Researchers     5     (conduct) three excavations(挖掘)at the southwestern part of the city wall since 2020. More than 30 housing sites were discovered at the 721 -square-meter area,     6     a number of wooden architectural relics unearthed that were built 4,800 years ago. Researchers think they are the most complete and     7     (early) wooden structure building foundation in China. Besides, remains of rice husks (外壳) were also found at the site, covering     8     area of 80 square meters.

Researchers believe     9     ( strong) the new findings will enrich the architectural history of prehistoric China. " The     10     ( discover) helps us understand the overall architectural style of the Yangtze River Basin," said Zhao Hui, a professor at Peking University School of Archaeology and Museology.

2 . Icehouse and ice ticket

As early as Pre-Qin Dynasty, people used natural ice to keep food fresh and make cold drinks. The Zhou royal court had a specialized department called “ice administration”. They collected natural ice blocks each December to store in the icehouse. During the Qing Dynasty, “ice tickets” were used and they were available only to officials and the rich.

Ice container

The most commonly used cooling tool is called “Jian”, which is a big container filled with ice. It was made of clay in early Chinese history, and was later made of copper (铜). The “Jian” can be seen as an ancient refrigerator, which can be used to make cold drinks.

Hiding food in the well

During the Qin and Han dynasties, for common people, the most common way to cool off is by using their wells. Some families put a pot in the well as a cold closet, or put food in a basket and lowered the basket into the well with a rope.

Herbal drinks

During the Qing Dynasty, taking Chinese herbal medicine was popular in Beijing. In hot summer, some people preferred to drink ice water, some boiled perilla leaves, and liquorice as summer soup to keep off the heat. Ancient people also loved to make lotus seed soup in summer for the benefit of strengthening the body.

1. What does “Jian” have the same function as?

A．Container.

B．Refrigerator.

C．Clay.

D．Copper.

2. Which of the following is unavailable to common people?

A．Ice tickets.

B．Ice container.

C．Hiding food in the well.

D．Herbal drinks.

3. What’s the common purpose of the above four ways?

A．To strengthen the body.	B．To keep food fresh.
C．To escape the summer heat.	D．To make cold drinks.

3 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Hanfu is the     1     (old) of China's traditional clothes. The main characteristic of Hanfu is the collar, which     2     (tie) with rope instead of buttons, giving people the impression of free and easy. These characteristics are obviously different     3     other ethnic costumes.

According to legend, it     4     (date) back to over 4, 000 years ago, when Lei Zu, Huangdi's wife, used silk     5     (make) cloth. It was constantly improved throughout several     6     (dynasty). Until the Han Dynasty, the Hanfu was adopted by the ruling class. It then became the     7     (nation) clothing of the Han ethnic people.

The ancient Hanfu culture is an important part of the ancient traditional culture,     8     has lasted for more than 3, 000 years and has     9     glorious history until the Ming Dynasty. It also had a far-reaching influence on neighboring Asian countries, such as Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.

Nowadays, Hanfu is     10     (rare) worn except on special occasions, such as festivals and weddings, or when young girls want to show off or take photos.

4 . The pasty (馅饼) has been a recorded part of the British diet since the 13th century, at that time being enjoyed by the rich upper classes. The fillings were different and rich. It wasn’t until the 17th and 18th centuries that the pasty was popular among miners and farm workers in Cornwall as a means for providing themselves with easy and tasty meals while they worked. And so the Cornish pasty was born.

Traditionally, the pasty fillings are beef with potato, onion and swede! As meat was much more expensive in the 17th and 18th centuries, its presence was rare and so pasties traditionally included much more vegetables than today. The presence of carrot in a pasty, although common now, was the mark of a poor pasty at first.

Filling ideas are endless however, and can be as different as your taste will take you. There is much discussion as to whether the ingredients (原料) should be mixed together first or lined up on the pastry in a special order. However, there is agreement that the meat should be cut into pieces, the vegetables sliced and none should be cooked before they are sealed (密封) within the pastry. It is this that makes the Cornish pasty different from other similar foods.

It was such a commonly used method of eating amongst the miners that some mines had tools down the mineshafts (井筒) specifically to cook the pasties. If they were cooked in the mornings, the pastry could keep the fillings warm for 8-10 hours and, when held close to the body, keep the miners warm too. It was also common for the pasties to provide not only a main course lunch, but also a sweet or fruity dessert course. The salty filling would be cooked at one end of the pasty and the sweet course at the other end. Hopefully these ends would be marked on the outside too!

1. What do we know about the pasty in the 13th century?

A．It was enjoyed in Cornwall only.

B．It was popular among miners and farm workers.

C．It had few and simple fillings.

D．It was widely eaten by the rich upper classes.

2. If carrot was in a pasty in the 17th and 18th centuries, the pasty would ______.

A．be more expensive	B．be sold out very soon
C．be seen as one of bad quality	D．be made without other fillings

3. What is special about the Cornish pasty?

A．Its fillings can’t be very different.	B．Its ingredients should be mixed.
C．Its ingredients should be put in the correct order.	D．Its fillings shouldn’t be cooked before they are sealed.

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A．To show how to make pasties.	B．To introduce the basic information of pasties.
C．To compare different pasties.	D．To encourage people to taste pasties.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Papermaking technology is one of the four great     1     (invention) in ancient China. Before it was invented, the Chinese people carved or     2    (write) characters on tortoise shells, animal bones, bamboo slices, wooden plates or thin tough silk. Tortoise shells, animal bones and wooden plates were too heavy to use while silk was too expensive.

Till the Eastern Han Dynasty an official named Cai Lun created a kind of paper,    3     (use) bark (树皮) along with old fishnets, rags and hemp waste.     4     paper was suitable for writing and was also very cheap, so it became very popular. Therefore, Cai Lun’s contribution    5     the papermaking was great.

After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the papermaking technology was gradually improved. And then other materials such as bamboo and straw could also be used to make paper. Due to different material various types of paper were produced for different uses. For example, the Xuan paper     6    (make) in Xuanzhou of Anhui Province belonged to the high-quality paper     7    (special) adapted for use in Chinese calligraphy (书法) and painting.

Later, the technology     8    (introduce) to many countries. The invention of paper provides a more     9    (convenience) way for the storage and communication of information,    10     it also has great significance on the development of global civilization.

6 . For late 19th-century North Americans and Europeans, a display of tableware (餐具)could reveal much about someone’s social position, as the wealthy took great care to get different kinds of forks for everything. Before the 18th century, people of all classes usually ate with a knife and a spoon.

The fork’s path to the table was hard-won and slow. In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, forks were used for slicing food into pieces or lifting meat from a pot or fire.

Following a reduction in size, the fork appeared to have entered dining areas in the courts of the Middle East and Byzantine Empire by the eighth and ninth centuries, and became common among wealthy families there by the tenth century. Early in the 11th century, it appeared in various pieces of European art. In the late 11th century, St.Peter Damian from Ostia wrote about a Byzantine princess who used forks and regarded her dying of a disease as punishment for such “luxury”.

The fork’s slow conquest of Europe was carried out from Italy. Motivated by the same concerns for hygiene(卫生)，forks were bought by wealthy Britons，inspired by Queen Victoria, who regarded fork use as a sign of good manners.

The fork’s introduction to North America dates back to 1633, when John Winthrop, a founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was gifted a set of forks. The Industrial Revolution strengthened the fork’s presence on dining room tables as production of flatware became less expensive. Writing in 1896 inSocial Eriquere，Maud C. Cooke declared the fork had finally conquered the knife in America and “any attempt to give the knife importance at table is looked upon as an offense(冒犯)against good taste.”

1. What can we learn about forks from paragraph1?

A．They were used improperly in the 18th century.

B．They had many different types in the 19th century.

C．They were popular in Europe before the 18th century.

D．They led to North American’s rise in social position.

2. What was a function of forks in ancient Egypt?

A．To eat food.	B．To decorate tables.
C．To cut food.	D．To create works of art.

3. Who was against the use of forks?

A．St.Peter Damian.	B．Thomas Coryate.
C．Queen Victoria	D．Maud C.Cooke.

4. What marked the beginning of the fork’s introduction to North America?

A．The appearance of flatware

B．The start of the Industrial Revolution.

C．John Winthrop receiving forks as presents.

D．Maud C.Cooke writing Social Etiquette.

7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Sanxingdui Ruins, in the city of Guanghan, is one of the     1     (important) ancient remains not only in China but all over the world. It is about 40 kilometers from Chengdu in Sichuan Province.

The Sanxingdui Ruins is best known for     2     (it) rich cultural content, large size, and the length of time it has been standing since it     3     (create). The Sanxingdui Ruins is made up    4     several large relic areas that are considered as the largest ancient Shu cultural relic sites in Sichuan Province,     5     (total) extending 12 square kilometers.

According to     6     the experts were able to find, the Sanxingdui Ruins housed actual life about 2,800 to 4,800 years ago, which means the people     7     (live) behind the mysterious Ruins were during the late Neolithic (新石器时代的) age. While you are visiting the Sanxingdui Ruins, the highlight (最精彩的部分) will be the very unique Sanxingdui Museum in the northeastern part of the Ruins. The museum     8     (cover) a total area of 200,000 square meters and has lots of modern equipment. The government spent over 30 million yuan on the     9     (construct) of the museum, creating     10     simple but very solemn (庄严) style.

8 . Discoveries in Greenland indicate that Vikings ( 维 京 人) lived there for hundreds of years, trading with the European continent before they disappeared.     1     In 980 C.E., Erik the Red headed farther west when he was driven away from Iceland for some reason. He set sail for land that was visible west of Iceland. Three years later, he returned to Iceland and convinced hundreds of others to join him in settling in this new country. Some 25 boats set out for what Erik the Red had called Greenland.     2    

Settling in Greenland posed an enormous challenge. Shelter, food, and clothing were, of course, essential to survival. There were no trees large enough to produce wood for housing. These settlers had to build homes of driftwood, stone, and sod (草皮). The summer was too short to grow grain crops, so they farmed domesticated animals imported from Europe and mainly relied on secondary products, such as milk and cheese.     3     The settlers usually wore clothes made of the fur of wild animals.

At some point during the fourteenth century, Greenland’s climate grew colder. Glaciers (冰川) began moving slowly over the land, bringing with them a runoff of sand, mud, and stones. These things slowly robbed the settlers of valuable grassland.     4     Recent evidence shows that their diet shifted from land-based food to sea products. Like their relatives in Norway, the Vikings in Greenland tried to take advantage of the sea. Soon, the percentage of their food taken from the sea had risen to 80 percent.

    5     According to Danish archaeologist (考古学家) Jette Arneborg, they struggled to adapt to the increasingly difficult conditions. As the weather worsened, they may have abandoned their settlements and returned to Iceland.

A．Who were the Vikings?

B．Besides, they netted fish and hunted deer.

C．However, the Greenlanders learned to adapt.

D．Sports were also widely practiced by the Vikings.

E．Well, what became of these early settlers in Greenland?

F．Only 14 boats survived the seas, and about 450 people set foot ashore.

G．A central figure in this story was Erik the Red, who grew up in Iceland.

9 . The Eiffel Tower is one of the most famous buildings in the world. It was named after Alexandre Eiffel whose team of engineers designed it. It cost £260,000 to build in 1889 with most of the money being provided by Eiffel himself and the French state. The Eiffel Tower rises to a height of 985 feet and for over forty years it was the highest building in the world. The tower is largely composed of triangulated(三角形的)sections and this allowed the engineers to build the tower so high.

Originally looked upon as a short-lived building, the Tower was built for the 1889 World’s Fair. It was the entrance gate to the World’s Fair and one of a number of designs entered as part of a competition. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel’s company won the competition, so the tower became known as the Eiffel Tower. However, it was Morris Koechlin, an employee of Eiffel, who designed the thousand - foot tower. And he also designed the structure(结构)for the Statue of Liberty.

The original idea was for the tower to be dismantled after a twenty-year period. However, it was so well built and engineered that it was decided to leave it in position. The various parts were so well engineered that not even one had to be returned to workshops.

After the first year of opening so much money had been raised from people visiting the tower that the cost of construction was covered. After that, Alexandre Eiffel became rich. Later on, he conducted experiments on the tower such as using it as an instrument for measuring air resistance and atmospheric pressure. In 1898 it was discovered that the tower could also be used as a great radio tower. Thus, the Eiffel Tower was saved.

1. What makes the high tower possible?

A．Its structure.

B．Its position.

C．Its materials.

D．Its cost.

2. Why was the tower originally built?

A．To stand in Paris as a landmark.	B．To work as a great radio tower.
C．To compare with the Statue of Liberty.	D．To serve as the gate of the World’s Fair.

3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word in Paragraph 3?

A．Set up.

B．Burnt down.

C．Taken apart.

D．Passed down.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Eiffel Tower’s history.	B．Eiffel Tower’s designer.
C．Alexandre Eiffel’s team.	D．Alexandre Eiffel’s success.

10 .

The tracks found at New Mexico’s White Sands National Park are turning upside down past assumptions on when humans first came into North and South America. They look like they were left behind just moments ago by a barefoot teen visitor to New Mexico’s White Sands National Park, each footprint freshly defined (描出外形) by sand. But this is no tourist track. These footprints are among the oldest evidence of humans in the Americas, marking the latest addition to a growing body of evidence that challenges when and how people first got into this unexplored land.

According to the research team, the footprints were pressed into the mua near an ancient lake at White Sands between 21, 000 and 23, 000 years ago, a time when many scientists think that huge ice sheets walled off human passage into North America.

Exactly when humans populated the Americas has been heatedly debated for nearly a century, and until recently, many scientists insisted that this first occurred no earlier than 13, 000 years ago. A growing number of discoveries suggest people were in North and South America thousands of years before. These include the Monte Verde site in Chile that is as old as 18, 500 years and the Gault site in Texas that is up to 20,000 years old. But each find kicks up a firestorm of controversy among scientists.

While the White Sands discovery doesn’t close the book on these debates, it is stirring excitement. “A discovery like this is very close to finding the Holy Grail (圣杯),” says Ciprian Ardelean, an archacologist at the Chiquihuite Cave in Mexico, where researchers believe they have evidence for human activity in the Americas as early as 30,000 years ago.

If confirmed, the discovery of people in the Americas during the last glacial maximum (末次盛冰期)would require a major change in scientifie thinking about how people arrived in the New Werld.

1. What is the previous conclusion on the first arrivals of Americas?

A．Humans came into Americas about 23, 000 years ago.

B．Humans first appeared in Americas to explore the land.

C．Humans didn’t arrive in Americas until 13, 000 years ago.

D．Humans couldn’t enter Americas because of White Sands.

2. Why are the Monte Verde site in Chile and the Gault site in Texas mentioned?

A．To add evidence.	B．To introduce the background.
C．To give data.	D．To end the debate.

3. What does the underlined word “controversy” mean?

A．Excitement.

B．Argument.

C．Disagreement.

D．Interest.

4. What does Ciprian Ardelean think of the discovery in Paragraph 4?

A．Trustworthy.

B．Questionable.

C．Inspiring.

D．Disappointing.

5. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Humans populated the Americas for nearly one hundred years.

B．The tracks were found at New Mexico’s White Sands National Park.

C．The footprints are among the oldest evidence of humans in the Americas.

D．Surprising footprints push back human arrival in Americas by thousands of years.