Buried deep in the ruins of the Shang Dynasty,
A collection of archaeological evidence has confirmed the
Nevertheless, the rhino was no longer wandering in the region after the Han Dynasty. One explanation is that it was the colder climate of Northeast Asia that saw the creature
Armor was originally made of bamboo but the material possessed limited
2 . Discoveries in Greenland indicate that Vikings ( 维 京 人) lived there for hundreds of years, trading with the European continent before they disappeared.
Settling in Greenland posed an enormous challenge. Shelter, food, and clothing were, of course, essential to survival. There were no trees large enough to produce wood for housing. These settlers had to build homes of driftwood, stone, and sod (草皮). The summer was too short to grow grain crops, so they farmed domesticated animals imported from Europe and mainly relied on secondary products, such as milk and cheese.
At some point during the fourteenth century, Greenland’s climate grew colder. Glaciers (冰川) began moving slowly over the land, bringing with them a runoff of sand, mud, and stones. These things slowly robbed the settlers of valuable grassland.
A.Who were the Vikings? |
B.Besides, they netted fish and hunted deer. |
C.However, the Greenlanders learned to adapt. |
D.Sports were also widely practiced by the Vikings. |
E.Well, what became of these early settlers in Greenland? |
F.Only 14 boats survived the seas, and about 450 people set foot ashore. |
G.A central figure in this story was Erik the Red, who grew up in Iceland. |
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, when cholera
4 . For late 19th-century North Americans and Europeans, a display of tableware (餐具)could reveal much about someone’s social position, as the wealthy took great care to get different kinds of forks for everything. Before the 18th century, people of all classes usually ate with a knife and a spoon.
The fork’s path to the table was hard-won and slow. In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, forks were used for slicing food into pieces or lifting meat from a pot or fire.
Following a reduction in size, the fork appeared to have entered dining areas in the courts of the Middle East and Byzantine Empire by the eighth and ninth centuries, and became common among wealthy families there by the tenth century. Early in the 11th century, it appeared in various pieces of European art. In the late 11th century, St.Peter Damian from Ostia wrote about a Byzantine princess who used forks and regarded her dying of a disease as punishment for such “luxury”.
The fork’s slow conquest of Europe was carried out from Italy. Motivated by the same concerns for hygiene(卫生),forks were bought by wealthy Britons,inspired by Queen Victoria, who regarded fork use as a sign of good manners.
The fork’s introduction to North America dates back to 1633, when John Winthrop, a founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was gifted a set of forks. The Industrial Revolution strengthened the fork’s presence on dining room tables as production of flatware became less expensive. Writing in 1896 inSocial Eriquere,Maud C. Cooke declared the fork had finally conquered the knife in America and “any attempt to give the knife importance at table is looked upon as an offense(冒犯)against good taste.”
1. What can we learn about forks from paragraph1?A.They were used improperly in the 18th century. |
B.They had many different types in the 19th century. |
C.They were popular in Europe before the 18th century. |
D.They led to North American’s rise in social position. |
A.To eat food. | B.To decorate tables. |
C.To cut food. | D.To create works of art. |
A.St.Peter Damian. | B.Thomas Coryate. |
C.Queen Victoria | D.Maud C.Cooke. |
A.The appearance of flatware |
B.The start of the Industrial Revolution. |
C.John Winthrop receiving forks as presents. |
D.Maud C.Cooke writing Social Etiquette. |
The Silk Road is in fact a relatively recent term. These ancient roads had no particular name until in the mid-19th century, a European
In the nineteenth century, a new type of travellers stepped onto the Silk Road, who were eager
Today, many historic
The United Kingdom has a long and
A fan can drive summer heat away and help bring a cool breeze (微风).
The fan first appeared in China about 3,000 years ago, in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. In the early period, the fan was called “the fan of honor”,
After the Qin and Han dynasties, the main
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the common fans were round fans, feather fans, and some paper fans. The folding fan
8 . Have you ever wondered why people drive on a different side of the road? It might seem bizarre that U. K. Drivers stay on the left, but they’re not the only ones. Around 35 percent of the world population do the same, including people in Ireland, Japan, and some Caribbean islands.
Originally, almost everybody traveled on the left side of the road. However their way of transport was quite different from today: Think about four legs instead of four wheels. For Medieval swordsmen on horseback, it made sense to keep to the left to have their right arms closer to their enemies. Getting on or off was also easier from the left side of the horse, and safer done by the side of the road than in the center.
So why did people stop traveling on the left? Things changed in the late 1700s when large wagons (货车) pulled by several pairs of horses were used to transport farm products in France and the United States. The wagon driver sat behind the left horse, with his right arm free to use his whip to keep the horses moving. Since he was sitting on the left position, he wanted other wagons to pass on his left, so he kept to the right side of the road.
The British Government refused to give up their left-hand driving ways, and in 1773 introduced the General Highways Act, which encouraged driving on the left. This was later made law thanks to The Highway Act of 1835.
When Henry Ford showed his Model T in 1908, the driver’s seat was on the left, meaning that cars would have to drive on the right hand side of the road to allow front and back passengers to exit the car onto the roadside. However, British drivers remain on the left, and this is highly unlikely to change.
1. What does the underlined word “bizarre” in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Funny. | B.Strange. |
C.Wrong. | D.Difficult |
A.It was safer to keep on the left |
B.It was easier to carry goods. |
C.It was easier for them to fight. |
D.It was necessary to control the horse. |
A.Their sitting position. |
B.The road conditions. |
C.The number of horses. |
D.The products in the wagons. |
A.UK Drivers Still Go On The Left |
B.Why People Like Sitting On The Left Side |
C.The History Of Transportation Means |
D.The Reasons For Different Driving Sides |