The earliest Chinese kites     1     were made of wood were called muyuan (wooden kites) They date as far back as the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) at least two thousand years ago. After the     2     (invent) of paper, kites began to be made of this new material, paper, and this paper kite is called zhiyuan.

The method of making a kite can be divided into three parts. Firstly, use thin bamboo strips (条)     3     (make) a kite frame (框架), and according to taste, kites can have     4     (attract) shapes like a dragonfly, a swallow, a centipede or a butterfly. Secondly, glue paper onto the framework. The paper     5     (require) to be thin. Finally, decorate the kites     6     colorful paintings and ribbons.

Although the basic method remains the same, styles of kite making are presented     7     (different) in every place. The kites in the “World Kite Capital” of Weifang in Shandong Province are well known for     8     (they) fine materials, painting, sculpture and flexible flying movement. One of these kites, which was over 300 meters long and in the shape of a centipede with a dragon’s head, won the     9     (one) place in the International Kite Festival held in Italy. This kite is now shown in the Weifang Kite Museum. Every year, the World Kite Festival will be held there and is expected to draw many fans with a love for     10     (fly) kites.

2 . In ancient times, people didn’t have smartphones or computers to use for fun. Still, they had interesting games to play.

Kites

Kites have a very long history. People first used kites to send messages. In the Song Dynasty, kites got very popular with people. Now, Beijing, Tianjin, Nantong and Weifang are the four most important places of kite making.

Cuju

It is an ancient Chinese football game. At first, soldiers played the game as training. In the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty, the game was popular. People across the country loved playing it. Women also played the game.

Chuiwan

Chuiwan is a ball game. It’s a little like golf. The game got popular in the Song Dynasty. It was still popular in the Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty. But the game got less popular in the Qing Dynasty.

Go

Go, or Weiqi, is a game for two players. It has a history of over 4,000 years and is still popular nowadays. People in ancient times thought it was a game for gentlemen.

The story of coffee often begins with a shepherd     1     (name) Kaldi in 9^th century Ethiopia. While out in the fields, Kaldi saw his goats eating the berries from a small bush, then running and leaping about. Out of     2     (curious), he tried the berries and felt the invigorating effects for     3     (he). He took some of the fruits with him and shared them with the     4     (member) of a monastery nearby. And by the 1400s, coffee was being traded throughout the Arabian Peninsula.

Coffee reached Europe in the late 16^th century through trade. Coffee was introduced into Italy first. Coffee really became popular in Europe in the 17^th century, and the coffee houses opened across Europe.     5     first coffeehouse in England opened in Oxford in 1651 and by the late 17^th century there were many coffeehouses in English towns     6     merchants and professional men met to drink cups of coffee, read newspapers and chat.

In the Americas, coffee was introduced during colonization, first as an imported good, then as a cultivated crop throughout Central America. The cultivation of coffee in Americas, like other cash crops, resulted     7     the displacement of native peoples and    8     (develop) of large – scale plantations using native people as a labor source. In the 19^th century, Brazil became the world’s     9     (large) coffee producer, a title it     10     (maintain) ever since. Coffee remains a major good produced in Central and South America to this day.