1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Great Wall of China with a total length of over 5,000 kilometers is one of the greatest     1     (wonder) of the world. The Great Wall starts from Jiayuguan in Gansu Province in west China and     2     (end) at Hushan Mountain in Liaoning Province in     3     east. The Great Wall stretches from west to east like a giant loong,     4     (wind) its way across mountains, through deserts and over valleys. It was built continuously over more than 2,000 years originally     5     (protect) the northern borders of the Chinese Empire against intrusions by     6     (vary) nomadic(游牧的)groups. One of the most famous is the wall     7     was built between 220-206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. Little of that wall remains, and the majority of the existing wall     8     (build) during the Ming Dynasty.

The Great Wall is not only a brick wall, but also one of the world’s greatest historical architectural works. It played a significant role     9     Chinese history. The Great Wall has been a symbol of Chinese civilization,     10     it has become one of the most famous scenic spots in China, attracting tourists from all over the world.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Remains of an ancient battlefield     1     date back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties (386-589) have been discovered at the Yecheng ruins in North China’s Hebei Province, according to a report by the Xinhua News Agency.

    2     (locate) in the city of Handan, the site contains two interconnected ancient city ruins. It was once the capital of several ancient dynasties during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Many ancient military artifacts, including weapons an armor (盔甲),     3     (dig) out during the excavation (挖掘) of the former moat (护城河) outside the Zhuming Gate from March to June 2023. It is these armor and weapons     4     have provided vital physical evidence to enrich the     5     (field) of weapon archaeology and iron research, said Shen Lihua, an associate researcher at the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), and the head of the archaeological team — consisting     6     members from the CASS and the Hebei provincial institute.

Among the notable findings     7     (be) a bridge, marked by a brick-built, load-bearing wall and evenly spaced pillar holes. However, further archaeological work is needed     8     (confirm) the specific shape of the bridge.

According to Shen, the moat runs     9     (rough) parallel to the city wall. At the central axis of the gate, the water channel of the moat is slightly narrower, and the riverbank steeper, “This excavation has provided     10     good understanding of the layout and structure of the moat and bridge while providing new materials for researching ceremonies and warfare,” Shen noted.

3 . In ancient Maya civilization, cacao — which chocolate is made from — wasn’t just for the elites (精英). Traces of the sacred plant show up in antiques from all types of neighborhoods and in and around a former Maya city, researchers report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The finding suggests that, contrary to previous thinking, cacao was consumed at every social level of Maya society.

“Now we know that the ceremonies with cacao were likely played out by everyone,” says AnabelFord, an archaeologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Cacao was sacred to the ancient Maya, consumed in ceremonies and used as a currency. The cacao tree itself was linked to Hun Hunahpu, a Mayan god. Previous research found cacao in burials (墓地), suggesting that its use was restricted to those at the top.

To explore the extent to which cacao was used in broader Maya society, Ford and colleagues examined 54 antiques dating from A. D. 600 to 900. The antiques come from jars, mixing bowls, serving plates and vases thought to be drinking vessels. All the pieces were found in residential and ceremonial civic areas of varying size and status from city centers, foothills, upland areas and the valley around the former Maya city of El Pilar, on the present-day border of Guatemala and Belize.

To identify cacao, the researchers searched for theophylline, a compound found in trace amounts in the plant. The team found the compound on more than half of the samples, on all types of antiques and distributed throughout social contexts.

Future research will move beyond who consumed cacao and explore the role of farmers in managing the critical resource. “A better question is to understand who grew it,” Ford says, because those people probably had greater access to the valuable commodity.

1. What do traces of cacao found in Mayan antiques indicate?

A．Cacao was once unique to Maya society.

B．Cacao was only available to wealthy Mayan people.

C．Cacao was accessible to Mayan ordinary people.

D．Cacao left more traces in the Mayan city center.

2. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?

A．There is no need to do further research on cacao.

B．Mayan people liked eating chocolate very much.

C．Mayan festivals were the same as those of the modern times.

D．There were some limitations in previous research about cacao.

3. Why did Ford and his colleagues examine 54 antiques?

A．To make copies of Mayan antiques.

B．To learn about the Mayan eating habits.

C．To find out cacao’s relationship with the religion.

D．To know about Mayan social groups of cacao use.

4. Which of the following will be the focus of the research about cacao?

A．The varieties of cacao.	B．Ways cacao was spread out.
C．Cacao tree growers.	D．The cacao’s value.

4 . When Howard Carter opened King Tut’s tomb (墓穴), it was full of gold and other valuables. When he and his team then attempted to remove King Tut’s mummy (木乃伊), they did a great deal of damage to the mummy while removing it.

Decades later, in 1968, experts conducted an examination of King Tut’s mummy using simple X-ray technology. Three important discoveries led to various theories about his death. First, the X-rays showed that bones in Tut’s chest were missing. Some guessed the damage was caused by a war injury or an accident. Plus, there was a small hole in the back of the skull (头骨), and pieces of bone inside it, causing many to believe that Tut was killed by a blow to the back of the head. Was he murdered by people wanting to take control of Egypt? Finally, a serious broken bone was discovered on Tut’s left leg. Tut was hurt a few hours before his death. This could have been the result of an accident. Could an infection from the injury have killed Tut?

In 2005, scientists under the direction of Zahi Hawass used new X-ray technology to study the mummy. They discovered that the damage to Tut’s chest was caused by Howard Carter, and the hole in Tut’s skull was made when the body was gotten ready for burial. While this ruled out the theory of murder, it still doesn’t tell us exactly how he died.

Then, in 2008, when Hawass and his team analyzed the DNA of the mummies and other tombs nearby, they made some shocking discoveries. They found Tut’s father and mother, who had similar DNA, were actually brother and sister. The DNA they passed on to Tut may have made it easy for him to catch a disease. Did an infection that started in his broken leg cause his death? No one knows for sure. But Hawass and his team hope they will someday have an answer to this age-old mystery.

1. Why was the examination of King Tut’s mummy conducted in 1968?

A．To determine the cause of Tut’s death.	B．To assess the condition of Tut’s coffin.
C．To discover the identity of Tut’s parents.	D．To study the treasures found in Tut’s tomb.

2. What do we know about the damage to Tut’s skull?

A．It was caused by an accident.	B．It was caused by a blow to kill.
C．It was caused by Howard Carter’s team.	D．It was caused during burial preparation.

3. The discovery of Tut’s parents implies that ______.

A．Tut’s broken leg had little to do with his DNA.

B．Tut’s DNA features might have been common.

C．Tut’s death was closely connected to their DNA.

D．Tut’s health was probably affected by their shared DNA.

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

A．To analyze the cultural significance of King Tut’s tomb.

B．To entertain readers with tales of ancient Egyptian royalty.

C．To inform readers about the discoveries surrounding King Tut’s death.

D．To persuade readers to follow further research into King Tut’s life and death.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Today, the USS Arizona lies     1     it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Its location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge, which crosses the ship’s sunken remains. Each year, more than two million people visit the memorial. They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor, to learn about the attack, to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack     2     to pray for world peace. Although about eight decades has passed, the attack on Pearl Harbor, one of the darkest episodes in American history, will never     3     (forget).

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Today, pork is the No. 1 meat product in China, which even     1     (have) symbolic meanings in Chinese culture. In some places, a pig’s head still must be served on the second day of the second month in the lunar calendar     2     (please) the dragons that are awaking from     3     (they) winter sleep.

However, before the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907), it was     4     (rare) seen on dining tables. Ancient Chinese doctors even doubted its nutritional value. For example, Sun Simiao (Tang Dynasty) considered     5     (eat) pork for long period of time made people more likely to get sick.

The turning point for pork came in the Song Dynasty (AD 960-1279) when     6     not-so-wealthy poet, Su Shi (1037-1101), found his simple ways to cook it. Back then pork was much     7     (cheap) than lamb and beef because it     8     (dislike) by the rich while the poor didn’t know how to cook it properly. Unable to afford either beef     9     lamb, the poet just stewed (炖) pork with radish and shared it with friends. They wrote beautiful poems about the so-called “Dongpo pork”, which instantly gained popularity in southern China     10     the environment was ideal to raise pigs.

7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。

The Silk Road is neither an actual road nor a single route. It instead refers to a trade network     1    (date) from the Han dynasty of China. German geographer and traveler Ferdinand first used the term “silk road” in1877 C.E.    2    (describe) the well-traveled pathway of goods between Europe and East Asia. Although the trade network is commonly referred     3     as the Silk Road, some historians favor the term Silk Routes because it better reflects the many paths     4     (take) by traders.

One of the most    5    (influence) travelers of the Silk Road was Marco Polo. He traveled with his father to China when he was just 17. Upon his return, he wrote about his adventures, which    6     (make) him and the routes he traveled famous.

From China, merchants carried silk to Europe,     7     it was well received by the nobility and wealthy people.     8    traveled together with silk from Asia were jade, porcelain, tea and spices. In exchange, horses, glassware, textiles and manufactured goods traveled eastward.

The significance of the Silk Road to human history has received widespread    9     (recognize). Towns along    10    routes grew into multicultural cities. The exchange of information gave rise to new technologies and innovations that would change the world. Today, parts of the Silk Road are listed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.

Archaeologists have made a stunning discovery of more than 80 stone carvings and building units, dating back about 1,300 years, at the Leigutai caves of the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan province. The Longmen Grottoes Research Institute,     1     oversees the UNESCO World Heritage Site, made the announcement as the Leigutai caves reopened to the public on Wednesday after renovation.

The relics, unearthed during renovation inside the west wall of the south cave of Leigutai, are believed to have been used as materials     2     (strengthen) the wall during restoration work after an earthquake struck the area in the 16th century.

“This is the first time archaeologists     3     (find) statues inside a wall at the Longmen Grottoes,” Lu Wei, director of the history and humanities research center of the institute, told China Daily. A well-preserved stone Buddha head, 38 centimeters in height and 22 centimeters in     4     (wide), is among the stunning finds. “Judging     5     the overall appearance, it has a distinctive artistic style     6     (associate) with the zenith of the Tang Dynasty,” he said.

Lu said the relics inside the wall     7     (be) probably part of cave debris after the quake. “The discovery has shed light on Buddhist statue art during the Tang Dynasty, the development of the Leigutai area, ancient socioeconomic development     8     religious practices,” he said.

Luoyang was the national capital during Empress Wu’s reign. Many members of the royal family and aristocracy then held the belief     9     building caves would bring them good fortune, thus gradually forming the large-scale Longmen Grottoes. During the Northern Song period (960-1127), Emperor Zhenzong (968-1022) paid a visit to the grottoes and ordered a major renovation at the site, repairing more than 15,000 statues.

In November 2000, the Longmen Grottoes were included on the UNESCO World Heritage list,     10     first such honor for an archaeological site in Henan.

9 . 阅读下面材料，在题后空白处填入适当的内容（每空一词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Piyingxi, or Chinese shadow puppetry is a traditional opera art among Chinese people. According to historical records, shadow puppetry originated     1     Western Han Dynasty and became popular in Ming & Qing.

Shadow puppetry is an art with a perfect     2     (combine) of light, image, sound and color. In lamp light, the shadow puppet looks crystalline (似水晶的) and graceful, with the cut-out parts brighter than     3     rest.

The performers hold joysticks in their hands that they grab, grind, roll, and press     4     (create) flowing motions, which is exactly     5     the ancient called “a million soldiers in two hands.” In addition to images, performers tell their stories in the locally popular tone with musicians     6     (play) instruments in the background.

The coloring is also an     7     (amaze) step in making a shadow figure. The favorite colors are the pure ones, most of     8     are red, green and black in practice, as yellow is the original color of the skins, and the light leaked through the cut-outs is     9     (natural) white.

The harmonious co-existence of sounds, colors, light and shadow     10     (make) shadow puppetry a colorful addition to people’s leisure time.

10 . 根据课文内容填空

Later, the Ming Dynasty     1     developed relations with these regions. Between 1405 and 1433, seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a     2     of their own at that time. …African     3     families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold, silk, and spices. Although China     4     from further expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active     5     between other, cultures for centuries.