1 . We usually think of archaeology as lots of painstaking work by brave explorers. But today, long-hidden cities are being revealed (显露) from the air, where modern archaeologists use laser pulses (激光脉冲) to discover the sign of ancient life buried below thick surface.   

Lidar, short for “light detection and ranging”, needs directing rapid laser pulses at the ground from an airplane. Software catches the time and wavelength of the pulses reflected from the surface and connects it with GPS and other data to produce a precise 3D map of the landscape below.

In recent years, lidar exposed an ancient city in western Mexico called Angamuco. The discovery of this long-lost Mexican metropolis (大都) is especially meaningful.

“To think that this large city existed in the heartland of Mexico for all this time and nobody knew it was there is kind of amazing,” says Chris Fisher, an archaeologist at Colorado State University who led the expedition.

The city extended over ten square miles. “That is a huge area with a lot of people,” says Fisher. “You are talking about 40. 000 building foundations, which is about the same number of building foundations that are on the island of Manhattan.” Archaeologists were surprised when they saw Angamuco’s city plan. The monuments (纪念碑) were largely concentrated in eight zones around the edges rather than being located in one large center.

Archacologists discovered signs of the buried city in 2007 and attempted to explore it using a traditional way. But the team soon realized that it would take at least ten years to outline the whole metropolis. In 2011, they began using lidar to map nearly 14 square miles. Researchers now believe that more than 100. 000 people lived in Angamuco from about AD 1000 to AD 1350. That makes it the biggest city in western Mexico at the time or at least the biggest city we know about so far.

“Everywhere you point the lidar instrument, you find something new.” says Fisher. “Right now. every textbook has to be rewritten. and two years from now. they’re going to have to be rewritten again.”

1. Where is the text probably taken from?

A．A textbook

B．A magazine

C．A guidebook

D．A diary.

2. How does lidar work to reveal buried ancient life?

A．By producing a precise 3D landscape.	B．By connecting laser pulses with software
C．By catching images of the ground surface	D．By detecting the ground with laser pulses.

3. What can we know about Angamuco?

A．It existed in Mexico for a short time.	B．It covered an area as large as Manhattan.
C．It had monuments located in the city center.	D．It was a metropolis with a large population.

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Lidar uses light waves to peel back the layers of time.

B．A Mexico city is unearthed and presented to the world.

C．Laser pulses show fascinating facts about modern cities.

D．Archacologists uncover ancient cities to rewrite textbooks.

2 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book     1     (write) by Tang Dynasty (618-907) scholar Zhang Yanyuan, in which he     2     (describe) Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China’s Anhui province, was listed     3     a tribute for its super quality during the period.

The traditional craft of making Xuan paper is     4     (high) demanding, Sandalwood bark (檀香树皮),     5     plant native to southern China, goes through 108 procedures over the course of three years before it can transform into fine Xuan paper. Because of the entire procedure     6     is so complex, even the most skilled craftsman can only master limited number of steps.

The flow of ink, both guided and resisted by water, determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent ability     7     (make) the best use of ink. Different Xuan paper can     8     (create) for artistic expression in freehand ink paintings or calligraphy.

Unlike other forms of paper, Xuan paper is very resistant to damage brought by time.     9     (it) durability (耐久性) has made the preservation of many valuable     10     (work) from ancient China possible.