3 . Are zoos bad for animals?

Zoos have existed since ancient times and were features of the great courts of Egypt and China. The display of unusual animals from foreign countries was, for a long time, a show of wealth and power. Today, zoos focus on the preservation of animal species and education of the public.     1    

Some animals are distinctly unsuited for life in a zoo, however noble the aims of the organization. Keeping elephants in captivity (囚禁) has long caused argument among animal rights activists. Elephants in the wild wander constantly, covering a wide territory on a daily basis. In captivity, they have no choice but to stand still for long periods of time.     2     Yet elephants are a threatened species in their native environments and are heavily caught for ivory (象牙), leather and meat illegally. To protect the species from extinction, some experts feel that captive breeding programs may be the best strategy for future survival. Many elephants in captivity were rescued from circuses (马戏团), saved from natural disasters or removed from the wild due to injury or abandonment.

    3     The chances are, if a zoo has nothing but cement floors and metal enclosures, the animals will not do as well. Many famous zoos now construct enclosures allowing animals freedom of movement and native vegetation. Some zoos have even begun housing species of animals together that normally interact I the wild, such as certain types of monkeys.

Zoos are not a perfect solution for preservation.     4     They are undeniably helpful in repopulating declining animal species and encouraging a preservationist outlook, but they are unquestionably primary in their treatment of some animals. Hopefully, animal activists and zoo advocates will continue to work together, finding ways to create the best environment for captive animals in breeding and re-population efforts.

A．They can be endlessly improved as we better understand how to treat animals.

B．Experts have broken fresh ground in breeding captive animals.

C．Yet critics suggest that animals should not be kept in cages.

D．Studies have clearly shown that captive animals will live longer and be more active kept in an environment close to their native surroundings.

E．This, therefore, puts severe pressure on the legs and feet of these giants and causes long-lasting injury in some captive animals.

F．Evidences indicate that some animals depend greatly on surroundings.

4 . Guns have a special place in American culture, and though not everyone agrees on whether or not they are a good thing, there is no mistaking that they will be part of the cultural landscape for some time. To answer the question, no, not everyone has a gun.     1    

Americans use guns for one of two uses: either for sport, where they can use them on firing ranges or for hunting in approved areas, or for self-protection. The latter is where most people begin to take sides, either arguing for the removal of guns from society or allowing more people to have them. There are organizations and community groups for both sides and both sides have strong feelings.

Legally, there are restrictions on gun owners.     2     Only certain kinds of weapons can be purchased by the public, and that excludes automatic weapon and military grade weaponry. Gun owners must transport their weapon in a safe way, unloaded and in most cases, out of sight. Special—concealed carry permits from the police station must be obtained for people who want to wear weapon, and most people are rejected for this kind of permit.     3     Criminals steal guns or buy them illegally to commit crimes, and the news is full of terrible stories of what happened next. Occasionally a child will get a hold of legal weapon and accidentally hurt themselves or others.

It is important to remember, however, that the news stories that make the United States seem like a dangerous place are deceiving; guns are not everywhere or constant.     4     After all, America is a safe place to live.

A．You are only allowed to purchase a firearm if you have had a background check and meet certain legal requirements.

B．There have been many enlightening articles on gun control in America.

C．If you were to visit the United States for two months the only gun you might see is in a museum or on a police officer.

D．Less than fifty percent of homes in the United States own weapons, and many of those homes are in rural areas where guns may have a greater use.

E．More people are deciding to legalize their gun transactions instead of buying them on the black market.

F．What alarms people the most about American gun culture are the illegal guns and shooting, which make some places feel unsafe.

5 . A recent study has shown that levels of _________ illness in children are rising. The study claims that mental problems such as depression and anxiety are affecting one in five _________. One of the reasons given for this is the current preoccupation (极其关注) of parents with their children’s _________.

Parents today consider the streets too dangerous for their children so children are taken from home to _________ and back, and their parents rarely let them go out _________ their own.

             This preoccupation has two causes: fear of _________ accidents and anxiety about child molesters (骚扰者) and murderers on the streets. Parents’ fears make their children anxious about the outside world and children in turn _________ the normal adventures of everyday life. _________, they don’t learn how to form _________ with other children. Anxiety makes children often become victims of bullies and their fears are, therefore, realized and even increased. It is a vicious (恶性的) __________.

It is a fact, however, that children could be experiencing these fears unnecessarily. __________ parents may think a child molester lurks (潜藏) round every corner, this is not __________ by statistics: very few children are attacked by people they don’t know.

The fear of traffic accidents is certainly more real but it is something that needs to be addressed by society in general. Some cities in the Netherlands, for example, have created traffic-free zones and pedes-trian-friendly zones, __________ cars, if allowed, must give priority to people and bicycles. Children can, therefore, play more safely in these areas.

There are, however, critics of this study. Many child psychologists believe that this lack of __________ is not enough to cause mental problems. They consider the problems more __________ to be a result of family breakdown in modern society.

1.

A．serious

B．mental

C．bodily

D．brief

2.

A．days

B．cases

C．youngsters

D．parents

3.

A．study

B．job

C．life

D．safety

4.

A．home

B．office

C．company

D．school

5.

A．by

B．on

C．for

D．with

6.

A．air

B．railway

C．traffic

D．sudden

7.

A．meet

B．take

C．miss

D．find

8.

A．In addition

B．In contrast

C．In fact

D．In particular

9.

A．habit

B．care

C．study

D．relationships

10.

A．circle

B．way

C．sign

D．source

11.

A．If

B．Where

C．While

D．What

12.

A．raised

B．supported

C．decided

D．improved

13.

A．with

B．when

C．whether

D．where

14.

A．courage

B．attention

C．focus

D．independence

15.

A．likely

B．like

C．probably

D．possibly

6 . 选词填空

A) challenge     B) honor        C)financially          D) shock               E) controlling F)broaden        G) manage     H) pushed               I) experiences        J)   abroad          K）.appreciating

Each year, thousands of Chinese middle school students go to study in foreign countries such as the US, the UK, Australia and Japan.

“Chinese children hope very much to go abroad to get a wider view, less competition in studying, or family     1     ” said ChenYi, a Chinese writer, who had lived in the US for 16 years. In the talk, Chen told more than 300 parents and their children that life in foreign countries could be hard for young people. “They have to face a culture     2     and language problems.”

However, these are not always the most difficult things. To most children,     3     themselves while studying alone in a foreign country is a big     4    .

Zhang Jia, a 16-year-old student entered a high school in Melbourne, Australia last October. To his surprise, his teachers there hardly     5     students to study. And usually there wasn’t any homework.

“In this educational system, we have more free time and space to think,” said Zhang. “But if you don’t know how to     6     your time and money, you will not live an easy life.” Some of his friends spent their whole year’s money in the first two months of the new term. And they didn’t pass their exams either.

“Studying     7     at an early age can help students learn foreign languages quickly and     8     their minds. But the students and parents should know about the challenges,” Chen said. “If you want to study abroad, try to talk to someone with     9     in foreign countries. Make sure that you are ready for it both mentally and     10    ”

7 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

The days of elderly women cooking huge meals on holidays and knitting themselves slowly into senior life       1     (be) gone. Enter the Red Hat Society -- a group dedicated to the new concept that old ladies should have fun.

“My grandmothers did     2     but keep house and serve everybody. They were programmed to do that,” said Emily Cornette, founder of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society. The group has chapters in all 50 U.S. states and 25 countries.

While men have long spent their retirement fishing, women always seem to become invisible as they     3    (age). But the generation now turning 50 is the baby boomers, and the same people who rejected their parents’ way of being young are now making a new way of growing old.

With a bit of disposable income and     4    (good) health compared with the past generation for most elderly into the mix, the Red Hat Society starts to look almost inevitable.

“This is something just for me,” Cornette said. She kept an eagle eye out for guests with empty cups or plates that needed     5    (refill). "There aren’t any rules, really. We are doing     6    can’t be imagined by old-time women. We are just looking for fun.”

According to its founder Cooper, she     7    (inspire) when she saw a poem by Jenny Joseph that begins: “When I am an old woman, I shall wear purple with a red hat which doesn’t go.”

Cooper gave her friend a copy of the poem, along with a red hat,       8     served as the symbol of the organization.   Soon other women wanted red hats, and they     9    (attract) thousands of participants since then.

“The point of this is that we women could have fun for ourselves instead of doing things just for others,”Cooper said in a telephone interview. “We are forming a little society where we     10     feel relaxed and delighted along with our peers.”

8 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. belief          B. discourage       C. choices       D. issue        AB. try     AC. characterize AD. demonstrate       BC. ensure        BD. incomparable     CD. opposing     ABC. responsible

The unique features of colleges and universities in the U.S. are hardly shared by their competitors in Europe or Asia. Many foreign students are attracted not only to the academic programs at a particular U.S. college but also to the larger community, which affords the chance for them to absorb the surrounding culture. Clubs, sports teams, student publications and drama societies     1     colorful and enjoyable American campus life. However, few foreign universities put much emphasis on this. “In people’s minds, the campus and the American university are both admirable,” says Brown University President Vartan Gregorian. “In America people have a strong     2     that a student’s daily life is as important as his learning experience.”

Foreign students also come in search of     3    . America’s menu of options—research universities, state institutions, private liberal-arts schools, community colleges, religious institutions—is     4    . No any single European country can offer such variety. “In Europe,” says history professor Jonathan Steinberg, who has taught at both Harvard and Cambridge, “there is only one system, and that is it.” From the beginning, students overseas usually are required to     5     professional skills in a specific field, whether law or philosophy or chemistry. Most American universities insist that students have a(n)     6     on natural and social sciences, languages and literature before choosing a field of concentration.

Such     7     philosophies grow out of different traditions and power structures. In Europe and Japan, universities are     8     only to a ministry of education, which sets academic standards and provides money.

Centralization (集权化) is likely to     9     that all students are equipped with roughly the same resources and perform at roughly the same level. On the other hand, It may also     10     the testing of different ideas. “When they make mistakes, they make big ones,” says Robert Rosenzweig, president of the Association of American Universities. “They set a system in wrong directions, and it’s like piloting a super ship.”

9 . Directions: Complete the following passages with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once and can be capitalized. There is one extra word which you don’t need.

Are You Ready for Your 15 Minutes (or More) of Fame?

A. respond	B. typically	C. minority	D. quote	E. quality
F. posted	G. purposeful	H. achieve	I. eventually	J. accidental

CHENG YUNFU has been quietly making noodles in his small Shandong village for the past fifteen years. During that time he hasn’t raised the price; it’s still 3 yuan a bowl. However, someone     1     a video online about Cheng and his cheap noodles and, overnight, the 39-year-old man became an internet celebrity. Thousands of people have visited the village, some of them having traveled for hundreds of miles, just to meet Cheng and eat his noodles.

“In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes.” This celebrated     2     appeared in a 1968 exhibition of American artist Andy Warhol’s work in Stockholm. This prediction has, in many respects, come true in an era when there are so many channels by which an individual might     3     fame (although it is the type of fame which may not endure for very long). You could be one post away from becoming the next celebrity. Sometimes this fame can open doors to other opportunities, but sometimes it can be cruel and frightening.

Unlike Cheng and his     4     fame, more people are using online platforms such as Weibo and Bilibili to become “intentional” celebrities. Some of them, such as Papi and Li Ziqi, have become internet sensations (引起轰动的人). These two celebrities, alongside other household names, are considered KOLs (key opinion leaders). A KOL is     5     a person who has “expert product knowledge and influence in a particular field.” He or she is “trusted by relevant groups” and has “a significant effect on consumer behavior.” When it comes to internet celebrity, Papi and Li Ziqi are only in the     6     as success is much harder to achieve than it would appear at first glance. Being a KOL seems to be fun and easy, but it’s actually hard work. You have to be knowledgeable and interesting, and be able to have to make     7     videos and post new ones regularly. In other words, not everyone is qualified to do this job.

There is also the problem of losing your privacy and facing criticism from your fans. Those who follow internet celebrities may come to believe they are your closest friends and get angry when you don’t     8     to their comments or emails. As one celebrity said, “Your fans will love you until they kill you.” When Cheng became a celebrity, he was frightened by all the attention he was receiving and hid in his home for a week. But     9    , he came to accept his instant fame. But he will probably be happier when his celebrity status dies down and enables him, not to become an influencer, but to return to the quiet life of selling his cheap and delicious noodles to his neighbors.

10 . Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.

Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?

In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.

A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.

Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”

1. What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club?

A．They’re unfair.	B．They’re conservative.
C．They’re objective.	D．They’re strict.

2. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?

A．They think themselves smart.

B．They look up to great thinkers.

C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.

D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs

3. Why are more geniuses known to the public?

A．Improved global communication.

B．Less discrimination against women.

C．Acceptance of victors’ concepts.

D．Changes in people’s social positions.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Geniuses Think Alike	B．Genius Takes Many Forms
C．Genius and Intelligence	D．Genius and Luck