1 . Parents can begin good organization (条理) habits with preschool-age kids. Experts recommend asking them to do small, simple actions on a regular basis with the help of parents. Maybe they open their bags and bring their lunch bag to the kitchen, or take their shoes off at the door and put them in a nearby closet. These won’t save parents much time, but they will help develop good habits.
When kids enter primary school, they should be ready for more responsibility. This is the time to teach them about daily routines, and help them take control over theirs. Parents and children might sit down together and make a list of everything that needs to be done to get out of the house in the morning, or get ready for bed at night. Together, parents should figure out how long each activity takes, and when is the best time to do them. Some of the kids might want to get their bags ready and pick out their clothes the night before.
It’s also wise to create a firm schedule for homework. When do kids do their homework? How long do they need? Where do they do it? Where will the homework go once it is done? Figure them out and stick to the schedule as much as possible.
Parents should print up these task lists and help kids finish them step by step. Kids might even check them off each morning or evening. Also, make sure there are clocks in the rooms in which these tasks will take place. Time management is an important part of learning organization, but it can’t be done if kids don’t know what time it is.
Organization gives kids the chance to make it possible to focus on a task and complete it. Kids tend to be more motivated to learn organization skills if they see organization as a challenge to overcome, rather than a fault to repair.
1. Why are kids advised to do small and simple actions?| A．To save parents’ time. |
| B．To join a school organization. |
| C．To form a good relationship with others. |
| D．To help kids form good habits. |
| A．Offer some suggestions only. |
| B．Finish the daily tasks for kids. |
| C．Assist kids in finishing the daily tasks. |
| D．Let the kid finish the daily tasks alone. |
| A．It is a fault to repair. | B．It is nothing special. |
| C．It is easy to achieve. | D．It is a helpful skill. |
| A．Assisting parents with a good parent-child relationship. |
| B．Parents should spend more time with kids. |
| C．Giving advice on developing kids’ good organization habits. |
| D．Parents should make kids more independent. |
2 . Gretchen Altman is smiling, leaning back casually, a cup of coffee in hand — Hills Bros. Coffee, to be precise. It looks like a casual shot, but if you hit like, leave a comment, and tag a friend, you can get three different cups of coffee, for free.
Altman is part of a growing trend of "micro-influencers". She has a small following — around 6,000 on Instagram(社交平台). Her going rate is $300 to $800 to promote something. She does some posts in exchange for free goods, as long as it’s stuff she believes in.
As a micro-influencer she has a much closer relationship with her followers than a big social media star. "I’m just living a normal life and people relate to that," she says. "They just feel like I’m a friend of theirs."
But it worries consumer rights groups. Several recent studies have found that young audiences are largely unable to understand when something is sponsored content.
In some cases, it’s clear. When a big star takes to a social media to advertise Coca-Cola, for example, the assumption is that he or she’s probably getting paid to do so. And the posts are clearly labeled as ads, with the caption "advertisement" or "sponsored content".
But what happens when an everyday person with just a couple thousand followers takes to social media to extol(颂扬) the virtues of a product? The motivations are not so clear cut. The problem with these social media posts is that you don’t know whether it’s an ad or not.
Altman is diligent about using those hashtags(标签). She loves what she does and sees it as a business, but she doesn’t necessarily want to be a social media celebrity.
"With social media being so integrated into our everyday lives, we have this unique opportunity that I don’t think anyone has ever had before where we can each be our own brand," Altman says.
1. What does a micro-influencer do according to the passage?| A．Give enough likes. | B．Post to promote sales. |
| C．Recommend some comments. | D．Design advertisements. |
| A．Sponsored ads content. |
| B．Ads with caption on posts. |
| C．The unclear motivations of the posts. |
| D．The increasingly growing number of audiences. |
| A．Annoyed. | B．Delighted. | C．Ambitious. | D．Depressed. |
| A．Instagram Advertising: Do You Know It, When You See It |
| B．To be a Micro-influencer or to be a Big Star |
| C．We Can Each Be Our Own Top Brand |
| D．Hills Bros. Coffee, Your Coffee |
3 . In 2005, Winston Duncan was traveling with his mother in Southern Africa when he saw an old lady and young boy walking down a road together. He thought of his own grandmother and wondered how he could help the old lady and others in Africa who have to walk a long way.
Duncan, who lived in Washington State was 10 at the time, and his solution was to give them bikes. With his mom, he started Wheels to Africa, an organization that for the past 14 years has taken bicycles donated from residents of the. Washington area and shipped them across the world to people in need.
Most of the 8000 bikes they have collected have gone to countries in Africa, helping cut down hours of walking for students and other postmen. But last week, Duncan, travelled with a handful of volunteers and 400 bikes to a destination much closer to his home yet still in need: Puerto Rico. More than a year after it was destroyed by Hurricane Maria, the island suffers from transportation problems.
"It was a little chaotic (混乱的) — as soon as they got their bikes, they were just having fun riding around the parking lot," said Austin Higgins, a New Jersey resident who recently joined Wheels to Africa as its photographer and videographer. "Some people who received bicycles were almost speechless, and some of them cried, because it was something they had requested for Christmas from Santa Claus," he said.
The donated bikes included some high-end racing models, which went to teenagers interested in pursuing serious cycling.
Duncan recently graduated from Bard College and is in Arlington working at a political consulting firm. He now encourages kids in the Washington area to get involved with the organization, and some have joined him on trips to Africa and on this trip to Puerto Rico.
"I wanted to try to get people to think about giving back,” he said.
1. Why did Winston Duncan start Wheels to Africa?| A．He hoped to make his grandmother feel happy. |
| B．He was fond of collecting different types of bikes. |
| C．He wanted to help the poor people to live better. |
| D．He was greatly supported by his mother to do so. |
| A．It has been managed for fourteen years. |
| B．It has delivered about 400 bikes to Africa. |
| C．It has many young kids as its members now. |
| D．It collects bicycles from all the areas in the U. S. |
| A．The delivery usually meets with some trouble. |
| B．The people who got bikes were excited and grateful. |
| C．It was very difficult for Duncan to collect enough bikes. |
| D．People in Africa required him to dress up as Santa Claus. |
| A．Wheels to Africa. | B．Trip to Puerto Rico. |
| C．Duncan, a Generous Person. | D．Hurricane in Puerto Rico. |
4 . A chance meeting between two men who realized they had both been abused in the same Surrey children’s care home has led to a campaign that has seen hundreds of former residents claiming they were also victims of physical, emotional and sexual abuse.
Music producer Raymond Stevenson, physically abused during his time at the Shirley Oaks home in the 70s, met a childhood friend last year who revealed he’d been abused in the institution. Within a few months, the Shirley Oaks Survivors Association(SOSA) was hundreds strong.
“We have been in contact with over 300 people and the stories we are getting are just terrible,” Stevenson says. “Every time we interview someone and hear about what happened to them, it brings tears to our eyes. Reliving(再现) some of the horrors they went through hasn't been easy.”
There have been two major police investigations into abuse at children’s homes in South London and three people including a swimming instructor, William Hook, have been condemned for offences relating to Shirley Oaks.
Another operation is currently on-going, but SOSA has lost faith in the authorities who they claim have covered up the whole picture of abuse in Shirley Oaks. “We don’t trust them and that’s why we have decided to do this campaign ourselves,” Stevenson explains.
A couple of weeks ago, dozens of former Shirley Oaks residents crowded into a Lambeth council(议会）meeting-the authority which ran the show until its closure the mid-1980s. Councilor after councilor spoke of their shame at what had been allowed to happen to children in their care.
Among the crowd was the award-winning author Alex Wheatle who has written about the abuse he suffered as a child at Shirley Oaks. “We have not come here to go to war with the council；we have come here to gain your support, ” Wheatle told the meeting.
The Shirley Oaks association is doing more than compiling evidence. It is using music to press its case. A song entitled “Don’t Touch It—It’s Mine” includes personal testimony(证词) from victims. “I was abused mentally, physically, emotionally and violently,” the track begins. “Of the original 16 of us, 12 have killed themselves...”
“We’re not going to be told lies anymore,” Stevenson explains. “We are not going to leave it in the hands of lawyers, politicians or council officials to tell us what happened to us. We want to discover it ourselves and we know music and dance and poetry are ways that can tell a greater story.”
1. What is the purpose of setting up SOSA?| A．To show sympathy for the abused children in society. |
| B．To reveal the abuse at a children’s care home. |
| C．To find the living victims from a care home. |
| D．To aid those people abused at a young age. |
| A．The former victims depend much on the police for investigation. |
| B．Twelve of the sixteen children were killed in Shirley Oaks. |
| C．All the people committing offences in Shirley Oaks have been arrested. |
| D．The former local authorities must have neglected their duty. |
| A．Collecting evidence for the police. |
| B．Creating music for the campaign. |
| C．Going to war with the government. |
| D．Turning to lawyers for assistance. |
| A．SOSA sings for justice. |
| B．Child abuse in Shirley Oaks. |
| C．Terrible memories in Shirley Oaks. |
| D．A campaign to abuse the authorities by SOSA . |
5 . A recent study questions whether placing attention on economic growth is the best way to improve child nutrition in low-and middle-income countries. Subu is a professor at the Harvard School of Public Health in Massachusetts. He says there is a common belief on the best way to improve child health in developing countries. He puts it this way: “Let’s just go after economic growth and then everything else will just follow.” But he says that is not always true.
Take India for example. A common measure of a country’s economic health is GDP (gross domestic product). India’s GDP has been growing by more than five percent a year. That is a higher growth rate than most Western countries. Yet more than two-fifths of India’s children are underweight. And Subu says, the percentage of underweight children has changed little since the early 1990s. He and other researchers asked a question, “Was economic growth failing to benefit children in countries other than India?” They looked at health surveys carried out since 1990 in 36 low-and middle-income countries, mostly South of Africa’s Sahara Desert. The researchers compared the effect of GDP growth and signs of child malnutrition-like physical weakness, slow growth and being underweight. But the researchers found only a small relationship.
The group reported their findings in the Journal Lancet Global Health. Subu says money should be spent on clear water, waste-treatment system and other programs. “Without these directing measures, what we are seeing is that economic growth by itself is not making much difference,” said Subu.
But that is not how Lawrence Haddad sees the case. He is head of the Institute of Development Studies in Britain. Lawrence Haddad says malnutrition has dropped sharply over the past 20 years in countries like Vietnam, Ghana or Brazil. He says economic growth was responsible for half of those declines. “The other half is because of improvements in water, health systems and nutrition programs,” said Haddad.
1. Why does the author take India for example?| A．To stress the importance of GDP. |
| B．To arouse reader’s interest in the topic. |
| C．To prove economic growth can’t improve child nutrition. |
| D．To show India has a higher growth rate than most Western countries. |
| A．Lacking nutrition. | B．Getting nutrition. |
| C．Providing nutrition. | D．Wasting nutrition. |
| A．Two-fifths of India’s children are underweight. |
| B．Economic growth only fails to benefit children in India. |
| C．Lawrence Haddad looked at health surveys carried out since 1990. |
| D．Subu believed economic growth itself could hardly make a difference. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Disapproving. |
| C．Unconcerned. | D．Doubtful. |
6 . On Aug 12, as white nationalists clashed with anti-racists over whether a statue of a leader in the American Civil war should be removed from a park in Charlottesville, a speeding car drove into the crowd, killing one and injuring dozens of others, reported The Washington Post.
The car driver was a 20-year-old white nationalist. Actually many of the white nationalists were young men. Some may wonder how the younger generation could have become caught up in racism, yet it’s believed that racist groups are using modern techniques to appeal to them. “Younger people have access to many more forms of information than ever before inhuman history—socialmedia.” Oren Segal, director of the anti-defamation(诽谤) league’s Center on Extremism in the US, told Newsweek.
According to Segal, racist groups introduce people to “hate” by finding ways to communicate with them online. And Paul Becker, a sociology professor at the University of Dayton, US, believes that some young people may even be using this to fill a “void(空虚感)” in their life. “These groups provide a place to belong, and give their lives a goal or purpose,”he told The Atlanta.Journal-Constitution.
Meanwhile, the changing of the US population structure is causing concern for some people after experts predicted that minority groups in the US could become the majority by 2050, leading to dissatisfaction and anger, according to Newsweek.
The problem of racism has been on the rise in the US for some time. According to a Gallup poll in March, 42 percent of Americans worry a great deal about race relations, while the figure was only 13 percent in 2010.
But like most problems, it’s unlikely to be solved overnight. “Even the best policy won’t stop every attack. But they could, at the very least, help make events like Charlottesville less likely,” wrote Vox.
1. Which statement is NOT why racism in the US is going from bad to worse?| A．The statue of a leader in the American Civil war is to be removed from a park. |
| B．Participation of racism may give the racists a purpose and a sense of belonging. |
| C．Minority groups may compose a larger partof the population in less than 40 years. |
| D．The advance of technology is making it easier for more people to get involved in racism. |
| A．Certain social media should be cut off from young people. |
| B．It’s common for the young in the US to feel empty and aimless. |
| C．Involvement in racism gives some young people a purpose. |
| D．The Internet plays a positive role in keeping the young free from racism. |
| A．It’s impossible to stop racism. |
| B．Efforts should be made to solve racism in a short time. |
| C．Policies can contribute to the decrease of racial problems. |
| D．Events like Charlottesville are caused by drawbacks of policies. |
7 . Many of you may have used Siri, a voice assistant of US tech company Apple. You only have to say “hey Siri” and it will answer to your command. However, we may be sacrificing our privacy to enjoy this convenience.
According to a recent report by the Guardian, Siri can be accidentally triggered and start recording private conversations, such as discussions between doctors and patients. Some of these recordings are then given to workers outside the company to review.
Apple claimed the data was used to help Siri improve, but users were not informed of this measure in the first place.
Apple’s Siri is not the only voice assistant to come under fire.
In 2018, Alexa, a voice assistant developed by US tech company Amazon, recorded a private conversation between a couple and sent it to a stranger without their permission.
These issues deepened concerns that tech companies are infringing users’ rights of privacy.
Many people have long feared that tech companies are listening and collecting data from private conversations, reported Forbes. Using this data, third party companies could then paint an accurate picture of users’ habits and preferences in order to serve them more targeted advertisements, or even worse, sell this private data.
Despite this risk, the popularity of voice assistant seems to be unstoppable.
“In the near future, everything from your lighting to your air-conditioning to your refrigerator, your coffee maker, and even your toilet could be wired to a system controlled by voice,” commented The Atlantic.
Colin Horgan wrote on the blog site Medium that he believed people’s daily lives will soon become a source of data.
“The sounds of our homes, the symphony of life — laughing, crying, talking, shouting, sitting in silence — will no longer be considered memories, but data,” he wrote.
To deal with the issue, Blake Morgan, reporter for The Atlantic, believed that the answer is transparency.
“All companies need to have messaging ready to explain to customers what they do with private data,” she wrote on The Atlantic.
1. What does the underlined sentence mean?| A．There are other fire-proof voice assistants. |
| B．Other voice assistants are also being developed. |
| C．There are other voice assistants being criticized. |
| D．Other voice assistants also need improvements. |
| A．Invading their privacy. | B．Sending their message. |
| C．Making no improvements. | D．Serving them targeted advertisements. |
| A．To stop collecting data through voice assistant. |
| B．To explain their use of the data to customers. |
| C．To make their data more transparent. |
| D．To slow down the pace of technology advancement. |
| A．To show visions of a data world in the future. |
| B．To inform people of what tech companies are really up to. |
| C．To draw attention to the privacy issue voice assistants bring about. |
| D．To criticize companies’ invading customers’ privacy by collecting data. |
8 . A disastrous fire surrounded Notre Dame（巴黎圣母院）completely and destroyed large parts of the Gothic(哥特式的) architecture on Monday.
“Notre Dame is our history, our literature; part of our spirit, the place of all our great events, our wars, our liberations, the center of our lives" French President Emmanuel Macron told reporters in front of the still burning Paris landmark and promised to rebuild Notre Dame Cathedral.
“Notre Dame is burning, and know the sadness and this tremble felt by so many fellow French people. But tonight, I’d like to speak of hope too, "he said, announcing the launch of a fundraising campaign.
“Let’s be proud, because we built this cathedral more than 800 years ago, we’ve built it and, throughout the centuries, let it grow and improve it. So I gravely say tonight: we will rebuild it together, ”he added.
The disastrous fire engulfed(吞没) the upper reaches of Paris’ towering Notre Dame Cathedral as it was undergoing renovations(翻新)。
Tourists and Parisians looked on horrified from the streets below. France’s Interior Ministry said firefighters might not be able to save the structure.
The fire collapsed the cathedrals’ spire(尖顶) and spread to one of its landmark towers "Everything is burning; nothing will remain from the frame, "Notre Dame spokesman Andre Finot told French media. The 12th-century cathedral is home to incalculable works of art and is one of the world’s most famous tourist attractions, immortalized by Victor Hugo’s 1831 novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame.
The cause of the fire was not known, but French media quoted the Paris fire brigade(消防队) as saying the fire is “potentially linked" to a 6 million—euro($6. 88 million)renovation project on the church’s spire and its 250 tons of lead. Officials opened an investigation as Paris police said there were no reported deaths. Some 400 firefighters were battling the fire well into the night.
1. What Emmanuel Macron said mainly shows that____________| A．Notre Dame was the symbol of Paris in history. |
| B．The French government are going to rebuild Notre Dame. |
| C．It took more than 800 years to build Notre Dame. |
| D．He was desperate when he made the announcement. |
| A．Notre Dame Cathedral was burnt down entirely. |
| B．The structure was well saved by the firefighters. |
| C．People who were killed in the fire are some firefighters. |
| D．The fire was likely caused by a renovation project on the church’s spire. |
| A．The novel made the cathedral famous. |
| B．The cathedral is repeatedly mentioned in the novel. |
| C．The novel became a bestseller thanks to the cathedral. |
| D．The novel became more mysterious due to the cathedral. |
| A．Disappointed. | B．Humorous. |
| C．Matter-of-fact. | D．Critical. |
9 . We live in a heavily edited world. People in pictures are no longer people-they are perfect human beings whom we can only try, and
But people are getting
The pizza company Domino's, for example, is
"It's
Things are also changing with perfect human images. For example, US clothing company Gap,
"We spend so much time trying to
But while it's probably true that we won't see a(n)
| A．choose | B．aim | C．fail | D．intend |
| A．menu | B．artwork | C．sign | D．snack |
| A．reminding | B．instructing | C．informing | D．warning |
| A．afraid | B．capable | C．sick | D．sure |
| A．forcing | B．requiring | C．expecting | D．driving |
| A．patience | B．honesty | C．kindness | D．generosity |
| A．focusing on | B．putting on | C．taking-on | D．relying on |
| A．post | B．download | C．update | D．correct |
| A．light-colored | B．dull-colored | C．half-filled | D．full-filled |
| A．dishes | B．bills | C．boxes | D．images |
| A．calling for | B．seeking for | C．paying for | D．hoping for |
| A．absolutely | B．extremely | C．exactly | D．definitely |
| A．launched | B．attended | C．canceled | D．demanded |
| A．promising | B．experiencing | C．discussing | D．promoting |
| A．express | B．find | C．hide | D．miss |
| A．culture | B．family | C．country | D．community |
| A．tolerant | B．satisfied | C．confident | D．ashamed |
| A．hug | B．accept | C．resist | D．adopt |
| A．end | B．start | C．way | D．choice |
| A．relaxing | B．exciting | C．annoying | D．appealing |
10 . Hundreds of children are being treated for sleep problems in Wales every year. In some cases，babies，infants (婴儿)and teenagers have been admitted to hospital in north Wales alone.
The Children’s Sleep Charity said many children were suffering from lack of sleep mainly because of technology use. Public Health Wales said sleep was as important to a child’s health as healthy eating and exercise，and children with poor sleep patterns were more likely to be fat.
Statistics obtained (获得) under the Freedom of Information Act by BBC Wales found at least 408 children have been admitted to hospitals across Wales suffering from sleep disorders since March 2013.
Children aged between 0 and 4 made up the highest number of inpatients (住院病人)，with some newborns being treated for sleep-related problems from the day of birth.
Vicki Dawson，who set up the Children’s Sleep Charity (CSC)，said sleepless nights were putting both children and parents in anxiety. “Their weight and growth may also be affected as well as their mental health，”she said.
Teachers said children showing signs of sleep shortage and tiredness in class were a concern as they couldn’t concentrate for long periods.
Psychologist Amy McClelland，of Sleep Wales，saida common problem was that children were “over excited”before bed and that families should get back to basics. “Think 1950s family home. Dinner as a family，read，chat，a film maybe，lights off and then bed. ”She added.
1. What’s the main reason why children are short of sleep？| A．Less exercise. | B．Eating habits. |
| C．Technology use. | D．Sleep patterns. |
| A．Infants. | B．Teenagers. |
| C．Teachers. | D．Parents. |
| A．Chatting and films make children sleep more. |
| B．It is difficult for children to read before bed. |
| C．Being too excitedis good for sleep habits. |
| D．Relaxation has a bad effect on children. |
| A．Ways to Treat Sleep Problems | B．Sleep Problems of Welsh Children |
| C．Sleep Habits of Welsh Children | D．The Problems of Welsh Children |
