1 . 语法填空

Will you eat everything in your lunch box today? If not, will you save it for another time or just throw it away?

A recent study     1     (find) that 17% of all the food     2     (produce) around the world gets wasted each year,     3     reaches about 931 million tons. Believe it     4     not, 61% of the waste happens in our houses!

Food waste in homes     5     (happen) in rich countries like the US and the UK as well as in poor countries for different reasons.

Cultural habits could also lead to waste at home,       6     (include) massive packaging and “buy one, get one free” deals. ‘Use by’ or ‘best by’ dates       7     products could also cause people to throw away food. People could throw out food because they think it is     8     (safe) to eat, when in fact the date only shows when quality might go down.

Food was     9     (much) valued even in richer countries just a few generations ago, because people often couldn’t afford to waste it.     10     (throw) away food is for sure a great waste and we should try to make people know the importance of saving food.

2 . Climate breakdown threatens to cause a global food production crisis. The UN forecasts that by 2050, feeding the world will require a 20% expansion in global water use for agriculture. It is hard to see how agriculture can feed the population of the planet, let alone toward the end of the century and beyond. Agriculture is a major cause of climate breakdown, and both river and air pollution. Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.

However, at this critical time, farming (a new kind of food technology) is creating astonishing possibilities to save both people and the planet. Farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions (排放物). It means an end to the employment of animals, a stop to overfishing, and a dramatic reduction in cutting down forests and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂). It is the best hope for stopping the destruction of the planet and, if it is done right, it means cheap and abundant food for everyone.

We are about to welcome one of the biggest economic transformations, of any kind, for 200 years. Arguments continue about plants against meat-based diets; however, new technologies will soon make these arguments irrelevant. Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms (微生物).

Not only will food be cheaper, it will also be healthier. Due to the fact that farming creates food products built up from simple components rather than broken down from complex ones, hard fats and other unhealthy components can be screened out. Meat will still be meat, but it will be grown in factories rather than in the bodies of animals. Fats will still be fats, but food is likely to be better, cheaper and much less damaging to the living planet.

1. What is the major cause of sea ecological breakdown?

A．Food production.	B．Global farming.
C．Industrial fishing.	D．Climate breakdown.

2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about farming?

A．Its benefits.

B．Its security.

C．Its research.

D．Its limits.

3. What will provide the majority of food in the near future?

A．Sea animals.

B．Wild plants.

C．Micro-organisms.

D．Farm products.

4. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude to farming?

A．Doubtful.

B．Positive.

C．Disapproving.

D．Unclear.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Recently, Chinese people from all walks of life    1    (discover)their daily lives are filled with an academic term; involution(内卷). In agricultural economics, involution originally means that    2    (add) work is put into agricultural production for higher output,    3    yet doesn’t increase proportionally(成比例地).

Our society is becoming increasingly competitive when population outgrows resources. Accordingly,    4    we used to achieve easily requires more efforts now. The level of competition we have in our society is often compared to millions of troops    5    (cross) a single wooden bridge. The    6    (major) of us are trying hard to get ahead of the troops.

Netizens now use involution to describe their current conditions, especially in the study of children. Parents feel stressed    7    (provide) their children with the best, and children must keep    8    in the race. Though great efforts have been made, they find it much    9    (hard) to go to the schools that they have been looking forward to.

Too much pressure is bound to do harm to children physically and mentally. Parents should cool down firstly and relieve their own anxiety, taking    10    (measure) to rid their children of heavy burden from involution.

4 . As a reading specialist at an elementary school(小学), I work with many children who experience difficulty in reading. While there are obvious _______ during the year when students make great progress, there are also many _______ periods as well, when we, as teachers, want to find out why our students aren’t _______. Recently, I had an experience which allowed me a _______ chance to understand what goes on in the mind of a struggling reader.

Earlier this summer I _______ a bad concussion(脑震荡)while riding my bike. One _______result of my concussion was that I lost all short-term and some long-term _______ for a period of days. The days before and after the _______ seemed a blur(模糊)as the world went on around me.

People seemed to be _______ extremely quickly, and I struggled to __________conversations. Jokes were not __________ at all. Once I began trying to read the newspaper, but much to my disappointment, I realized that I couldn’t __________ any of what I read. I could know the words, but couldn’t understand the meaning. As I read, the words didn’t __________ pictures in my mind. I was reading each sentence slowly, then carefully setting it aside. The words had no __________, produce no images, and were simply words. By the time I finished the __________, I had built nothing in my mind. They were simply words __________ past my eyes, and I suddenly realized that this is how my student read!

I am just so __________ that this is a temporary condition. I have a much clearer __________of what struggling readers are __________. I remember that there are so many students out there, for whom reading is __________ so puzzling. We must reach them before they give up.

1.

A．events

B．celebrations

C．chances

D．accidents

2.

A．rewarding

B．exciting

C．interesting

D．disappointing

3.

A．reading

B．listening

C．speaking

D．writing

4.

A．private

B．easy

C．quick

D．unique

5.

A．treated

B．affected

C．received

D．recovered

6.

A．possible

B．dramatic

C．lucky

D．excellent

7.

A．memory

B．job

C．intention

D．aim

8.

A．holiday

B．school

C．trip

D．accident

9.

A．talking

B．walking

C．riding

D．repeating

10.

A．get rid of

B．break away from

C．keep up with

D．take part in

11.

A．serious

B．difficult

C．long

D．funny

12.

A．understand

B．remember

C．copy

D．translate

13.

A．improve

B．create

C．use

D．change

14.

A．sound

B．fact

C．meaning

D．power

15.

A．novel

B．letter

C．text

D．article

16.

A．hiking

B．going

C．running

D．jumping

17.

A．painful

B．fearful

C．grateful

D．helpful

18.

A．lesson

B．advice

C．direction

D．picture

19.

A．looking for

B．thinking of

C．going through

D．learning about

20.

A．partly

B．exactly

C．unlikely

D．freshly

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to the Shaanxi Online News, a pavement along the Yanta Road in Xi'an has now got     1     (it) a special lane (通道) for “phubbers” -people who stare at their phones and ignore everything else around them. The lane     2     (paint) red, green and blue, and is 80 cm wide and 100 m long. Pictures of smartphones along the route distinguish it     3     an ordinary pedestrian lane.

The pavement is a busy channel and cars often come onto it. As     4     result, a large shopping mall,     5     looks onto the street, pushes to have the lane for pedestrians who might not be paying attention to their     6     (surround).

The news website Shaanxi Online News interviewed locals. Some welcomed the introduction of the lane. One said it was the first time he     7     (see) such a thing and that he thought it was “pretty good”. Another local said, “Young people's lives nowadays are fast and they're always looking at their phones. The lane, which will improve the     8     (safe) of phubbers, is a form of protection for them.”

However, others' view about the lane is     9     (complete) different. One said that the lane wouldn't work, and phubbers     10     (use) the lane might still risk hitting each other.

6 . Imagine, it's Saturday at a busy shopping centre. People are doing all the things you'd _________ expect—chatting on phones, looking in shop windows and so on. Then suddenly, the _________ in front of you stop moving. They're completely _________, frozen in the middle of whatever they were doing. You look around you. There are _________ of these people—perhaps a hundred or so. Other shoppers look just as _________ as you are. Several minutes go by and the frozen shoppers _________ in exactly the same positions. Then as suddenly as they _________, they begin moving again, as if nothing had happened. You've _________ experienced a flash mob!

The definition of a flash mob is “a group of people who meet suddenly in a _________ place, perform an unusual act for a brief __________, then quickly leave”. An American, Bill Wasik,__________ the idea. One afternoon, he emailed 60 friends,__________ them to meet at a small local shop at exactly 7:24 pm. They shouldn't __________ anything to the assistants or each other. They just had to browse (随意观看) for __________ seven minutes and then leave. It would have been the __________ of world's first flash mob. However, someone had warned the police and when Bill and his friends arrived, they were __________.

Bill wasn't __________ by this failure and started planning the next event. Over the next three months, he __________ seven successful flash mobs in shops, hotels, parks and stations all around New York. Before long, stories and videos of these __________ appeared online. Wasik's idea led to creative types of flash mobs everywhere. The flash mob had become part of modern urban culture and the phrase was even __________ to the Oxford English Dictionary.

1.

A．hardly

B．finally

C．normally

D．repeatedly

2.

A．screens

B．people

C．toys

D．robots

3.

A．shocked

B．wrong

C．lost

D．still

4.

A．more

B．few

C．enough

D．some

5.

A．innocent

B．constant

C．confused

D．disappointed

6.

A．remain

B．match

C．feel

D．work

7.

A．smiled

B．stopped

C．finished

D．decided

8.

A．ever

B．still

C．yet

D．just

9.

A．private

B．traditional

C．public

D．official

10.

A．visit

B．time

C．flight

D．chat

11.

A．ended up with

B．fed up with

C．put up with

D．came up with

12.

A．inviting

B．forcing

C．teaching

D．allowing

13.

A．mention

B．overhear

C．supply

D．commit

14.

A．roughly

B．narrowly

C．accurately

D．identically

15.

A．attachment

B．appearance

C．disturbance

D．preference

16.

A．passing

B．waiting

C．improving

D．performing

17.

A．run off

B．taken off

C．called off

D．put off

18.

A．organized

B．permitted

C．watched

D．compared

19.

A．accidents

B．affairs

C．incidents

D．events

20.

A．appealed

B．stuck

C．added

D．addicted

7 . More and more Chinese are having English names, but not everyone is good at finding one. Why not offer them some help? An American girl called Lindsay Jernigan is now teaching people how to get better English names.

While working in Shanghai, Lindsay met many Chinese people with strange English names. Some of them chose a lucky number of “Seven,” a favorite fruit, “Apple,” and a cartoon character, “Snow White.” Others had names like “July” and “Rabbit.”

After noticing the problem, Lindsay had an idea. She quit her job and set up a website (bestenglishname.com) to help Chinese people get better English names.

The website helps people in two ways. After they take an online quiz, people will get five English names based on their personal information, such as age, job and even future plans. This costs 18 yuan. People can also meet with Lindsay to talk about their English name. But that costs more.

Now, about 2,000 people each day visit the website. Most of them are preparing to study or work abroad. Lindsay is planning to offer them more help, such as helping them write resumes (简历).

1. What does Lindsay think of the name of “Rabbit”?

A．Wonderful.

B．Strange.

C．Creative.

D．Boring.

2. The underlined word “quit” means ________ in the passage.

A．continued

B．asked

C．picked up

D．gave up

3. If you get a name from Lindsay face to face, you should pay her ________.

A．18 yuan	B．less than 18 yuan
C．more than 18 yuan	D．more or less than 18 yuan

4. Which of the following is NOT true about Lindsay?

A．Her website mainly helps the English-speaking people.

B．Her idea came from his work experience in China.

C．She plans to provide more service for the customers.

D．She can help the people to get name in two ways.

5. The best title of the passage is ________.

A．A hard-working American girl

B．How to find an good English name

C．Don’t choose English names without thinking

D．An American girl helps to choose an English name

8 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Family drama “A Love for Dilemma”, focusing     1     China's education system and parent-child relationship, started airing on iQIYI on April 11, and     2    (cause) a wide public concern among netizens ever since.

    3    (base)on a novel, the drama centers around several     4    (family) whose children are about to enter middle school. Different generations of people hold different attitudes toward the children's education,     5     leads to conflicts, misunderstandings and relationship crises.

The director of the drama,     6     mother of two herself, admits she used to be anxious about her children's education like most mothers in China.     7     she wanted to give her children sweet memories and a happy childhood, she was worried their studies would fall behind without taking extra lessons. “I hope to remind the audience     8     (give) children more time and patience, and set aside the anxiety and confusion," Zhou said, "Let nature take     9     (it) course and everything that happens in life has its own meaning.”

A netizen commented that the drama encourages her to cherish every moment in life, even the ordinary ones. "The meaning of life is not to compete, but to experience, explore and fulfill one's     10     (responsible) for the world," she said.

9 . This week the bosses of seven large drug (药) firms (companies) were gathered together before the U.S. Congress to answer pointed questions about the cost of their medicines. The meetings come amid rising anger about unreasonable prices of their drugs. New laws are threatened. Concerns about the affordability of medicines are not only happening in America, they are also global.

Too rarely (not very often) raised in this discussion is one promising area where pill makers and governments alike could do more to fight diseases while also saving money. Drugs can be “repurposed”. That is, existing drugs can sometimes be used to treat diseases other than the ones for which they were first designed. This can be a cheaper way to develop new treatments. It could also help answer another criticism often thrown at drug firms: they do not invest enough in areas where the medical need is great but financial (economic) returns are unattractive. For 7,000 rare genetic conditions, only around 400 drugs have come out. Last year saw a record number of new drugs approved. The 59 new arrivals are welcome, but barely scratch the surface unmet needs.

Given the untapped potential in the 9,000 generic drugs, i.e. those which no longer have patent (专利) protection, found in America alone, this could be just the beginning. One charity says it has found evidence of anti-cancer activity in almost 260 drugs that treat other conditions. An expert supposes that one in five existing cancer drugs might be effective against other cancers. Big data makes it easier to identify promising leads.

For all its promise, however, repurposing is underfunded. Once a drug has lost its patent protection, it is difficult for a drug firm to attract the investment needed to test and relabel it for a new purpose. A doctor can prescribe a pill for “off label” uses without such trials. But patients may not trust a drug that is not approved for their condition; doctors may worry about being charged. Currently, only firms with permission to market a generic (无商标的) drug can get it relabelled. This means that repurposing charities are not able to work with regulators to speed up the arrival of new cures. They should be. They also deserve more of the public funding used to develop drugs.

1. What happened to the seven large drug firms?

A．They were facing the risk of closedown.	B．They were angered by the U.S. Congress.
C．They were under fire due to high drug prices.	D．They were forced to produce more new drugs.

2. What do the figures in paragraph 2 suggest?

A．Many drugs can be repurposed.	B．New drugs are in high demand.
C．Many new treatments are in doubt.	D．Types of rare diseases are increasing.

3. What may be a big problem with repurposing generic drugs?

A．Financial issues.

B．Technical problems.

C．Safety controls.

D．Marketing strategies.

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A．The significance of drugs firms	B．Changes in drug patent laws
C．The future of generic drugs	D．Old drugs in new bottles