1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Recently, a group of children from Nanning, Guangxi, wearing orange down   jackets   and blue pants, took     1     unique study tour in Harbin. They are fondly referred to    2    the “ittle tangerines (柑橘)”, with the oldest just 6 and a half years old, with the youngest only 3 years and 5 months old.   The nickname symbolizes both   their cute orange outfits    3    Guangxi’s well-known production. The use of orange coats    4     (wear) by the children was chosen by a vote among the parents,   primarily   for safety reasons.

Each day, their attractive presence is trending on     5     (variety) social media platforms. Wherever they go, they are hugged and showered with love by the    6     (local). In Harbin, they enjoyed the local delicacies, and watched a firework   display amid the snowy landscape. On their arrival in Mohe, the tour group was    7     (warm) welcomed by a local travel agency as well as   the city’s tourism bureau (局).   At the northern most police outpost of   China, they   sang the   national   anthem and showed respect for the border guards,     8    marked an important part of   their educational trip. Moreover, the police officers at the station prepared snow sculptures and snowmen    9     (treat) the “little tangerines”.

To express gratitude for the hospitality (好客) received in Heilongjiang, a lot of tangerines from Lipu of Guangxi     10     (send) to the province last Thursday.

2 . The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.

As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.

We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.

A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.

1. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test?

A．Take an examination alone.	B．Share their treats with others.
C．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.	D．Show respect for the researchers.

2. According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between_______.

A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites	B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit	D．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains

3. What does the author suggest readers do?

A．Be selective information consumers.	B．Absorb new information readily.
C．Use diverse information sources.	D．Protect the information environment.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．Eat Less, Read More	B．The Later, the Better
C．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups	D．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans

4 . 语法填空

When people     1     (face) with health or nutrition questions, it is     2     (increasing) common to go online and diagnose (诊断) themselves. But the Internet is full of conflicting health warnings with no regulation to get rid of the wrong advice, some of which     3     (be) extremely dangerous! Also, search engines rank results by     4     (popular) rather than accuracy, so solid facts can be tricky to find. It is worth     5     (check) if the writer of an online piece is properly qualified as an expert. Anyone can call     6     (they) a “diet expert”, “nutritionist” and even a “doctor”-given (考虑到) it could refer to qualifications like a PhD. But remember, only officially     7     (recognize) practicing doctors as well as dietitians have degrees     8     giving practical medical suggestions. So if you are unsure and still wondering     9    the chocolate diet really does work or not, then it pays to make     10    appointment with your dietician or doctor. The truth is out there, and you just need to look in the right place!

7 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

An only child is a person with no siblings (兄弟姐妹). Some people think only children are selfish, lonely, or unhappy. They say     1    is difficult for an only child to play or work with others. This     2     (call) the “Only-Chld Syndrome (综合征).”

It is true that parents expect a lot from their only child-similar     3     the oldest child in other families. Only children are often very responsible (有责任心的). They are better at     4    (communicate) well with people because they speak mostly with adults (成年人) at home.

Like middle children, only children are more likely to make     5     (friend) outside the home. This is     6    (nature). They need to play with other kids.

Like the youngest children, only children may be a little spoiled by their parents. They get 100 percent of their parents’ time and attention.

Polly Hollingsworth is my next-door neighbor. We     7     (be) also born on the same day. She is an only child. Polly says that she is neither lonely     8    unhappy. She doesn’t fit the description of an only child. She can talk to people     9     (easy) and she is not afraid of anything.

In fact, there is no big     10     (different) between only children and people with siblings. Only children are just like other children.

8 . Everyone has a phone in their pocket nowadays, but how often do we really use them for their original purpose—to make a call? Telephone culture is disappearing. What brought us to this moment, and what are its effects?

“No one picks up the phone anymore,” wrote Alex C. Madrigal on The Atlantic. “The reflex(习惯性动作) of answering—20th-century telephonic culture—is gone.”

The shift is of course due in large part to more communication options: texting with photos, videos, emojis, reaction gifs, links and even voice message s can be a more attractive option.

Texting is light and fun, not nearly as demanding of your attention as a phone call. It can also be done with multiple people at the same time. Social media, email and video calls have also eaten away at traditional phone calls.

In recent years, another reason has caused people to ignore phone calls completely: robocalls. Robocalls are automate(自动化的) messages from organizations verifying(核实) your phone number or telemarketers trying to sell something. Americans received 22.8 billion robocalls halfway through 2020, equaling an annual rate of 45.6 billion, slightly below 2018 numbers, according to You Mail, a robocall protection service and blocking app.

As telephone culture disappears, what is the loss of a singular family phone   doing to the family unit? Early landline phones unified family members, whereas mobile phone s isolate(隔离) them.

“The shared family phone served as an anchor for home,” said Luke Fernandez, a Weber State University computer-science professor and co-author of Bored, Lonely, Angry, Stupid: Feelings About Technology, From the Telegraph to Twitter. “With smart phones, we have gained mobility and privacy. But the value of the home has been weakened, as has its ability to guide and monitor family behavior and perhaps connect families more closely,” Fernandez said.

Of course, as technology progresses, lives always change for better or for worse. With the loss of telephone culture, families will need to find other ways to unite.

1. What has caused the traditional telephone to lose its attraction according to the text?

A．People’s growing need for privacy.	B．People’s addiction to social media.
C．People’s wide range of communication choices.	D．People’s preference for robocalls.

2. What can we infer from Fernandez’s remark?

A．The use of mobile phone has affected family relationship.

B．Smart phones help people monitor family behavior.

C．Smart phones make families closer.

D．The value of home depends on how phones are used.

3. What’s the author’s attitude to the effects of the disappearing telephone culture?

A．Uninterested.

B．Objective.

C．Positive.

D．Disapproving.

4. What does the article mainly talk about?

A．The past and future of telephone.

B．The development of communication tools.

C．The downfall of traditional telephone culture.

D．The relation between phone use and family connection.

9 . If you have a chance to go to Finland(芬兰), you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.

Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with the money of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to do, and then walk off without paying. The driver would not show the least sign of being nervous and worried.

The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter. With such a relaxing check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to get the meals free.

The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the pay. From then on, they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly.

With so much carelessness in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”(小便宜). But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have done their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest record of the exact hours they put in.

As you can see, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”. In a society of such high moral(道德) practice, what need is there for people to be on guard against others?

1. We can learn from the second paragraph that _______ in Finland.

A．all the taxis are very inexpensive and comfortable

B．passengers only pay two US dollars for a taxi ride

C．it’s normal for passengers to pay for the drivers late

D．taxi drivers don’t know the ways in city very well

2. It can be inferred from the passage that _______ in Finland.

A．hotel guests often get meals free with their friends outside

B．the bosses pay the workers according to their performance

C．people are usually not so smart or careful in daily life

D．the workers are always honest with their working hours

3. From the passage, we can know that the “foolish” Finnish people are actually very _____.

A．honest

B．gentle

C．attractive

D．intelligent

4. Which of the following best describes the author’s opinion?

A．You can’t judge a book by its cover.	B．Morality is the golden chain of society.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed.	D．Where there is a will, there is a way.

10 . Ocean heat waves — defined as periods of extreme temperatures lasting five days or more — have become increasingly common in recent decades. In fact, as a new study published in Nature Climate Change finds, Earth’s number of annual ocean heat wave days increased by around 54 percent between 1987 and 2016, with abnormally high temperatures not only occurring more frequently, but also lasting for longer periods of time.

Underwater heat waves pose a significant threat to marine (海洋的) ecosystems, which are already at risk due to issues including overfishing and widespread plastic pollution. Sweeping through oceans much like wildfires blaze through forests on land, extreme temperatures exact damage on foundational organisms such as kelp forests, seagrass meadows and coral reefs. Given that these framework species provide shelter and food to many other ocean creatures, the study’s authors warn that such destruction will likely have cascading consequences for marine biodiversity.

To assess the effects of ocean heat waves, researchers led by ecologist Daniel Smale of Great Britain’s Marine Biological Association turned to 116 previously published academic studies. Reflecting on more than 1,000 ecological records and eight specific heat waves, the scientists identified regions and species that were the weakest to temperature increases. As Mary Papenfuss writes for the Huffington Post, areas of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans topped the list, with the Caribbean’s coral reefs, Australia’s seagrass and California’s kelp forests causing particular concerns.

In terms of species, Pacific Standard’s Kate Wheeling adds, the team notes that immobile plants and animals were the hardest hit, while tropical fish and mobile invertebrates (无脊椎生物) were able to cope with the heat by moving to different habitats (栖息地). Interestingly, John Timmer reports for Ars Technica, the researchers actually observed heightened levels of fish diversity during periods of above-average temperatures, likely due to the animals’ mass migration (迁徙) toward friendlier waters. The same trend did not prove true for sea-dwelling birds, however, as shifting habitats limited the avian creatures’ access to prey.

Although the researchers’ findings are most consequential for marine ecosystems. Pierre-Louis and Popovich explain that damage to ocean habitats will also affect humans who rely on fishing and fish farming.

“Certainly there’s going to be changes with climate change to marine communities, but it’s not like the oceans are going to become the dead sea. It’s just that, as a consequence of what we’re doing to the oceans, there’s going to be different marine communities in different places than what we’re used to. Obviously, that is a problem because we’re sort of set up for what the climate is now rather than what it is going to be in the future.”

1. “Species” in “these framework species” in Paragraph 2 refers to ______.

A．wildfires

B．damages

C．organisms

D．temperatures

2. What can we learn from this passage?

A．The temperatures of wave heats nearly doubled in 2016.

B．Living creatures can avoid heat wave damage by migration.

C．Overfishing and plastic pollution are the main causes to ocean heat.

D．The weakest regions are concluded from previous academic studies.

3. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?

A．People should stop fishing because of the climate change.

B．People who take fishing for a living might earn lower profits.

C．The researchers findings cannot help us protect the land ecosystems.

D．Marine communities are going to be the same as what they used to be.

4. Which would be the best title for the passage?

A．Ocean Heat Waves Are Affecting Us

B．Ocean Heat Waves Are Getting Worse

C．Ocean Heat Waves Are Threatening Marine Life

D．Ocean Heat Waves Are keys to Marine Biodiversity