1 . If you visit Rwanda’s capital city of Kigali, you’ll see how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the city. There are dozens of hand-washing basins at the city’s bus stations that allow passengers to wash their hands before getting on the bus. Layla Mc Cay, director of the Centre for Urban Design and Mental Health in the AUAS? told the BBC, “If everyone was washing their hands actively, we would see a reduction in all types of infection.”

In fact, every time there is a serious disease outbreak somewhere in the world, city planners come up with new ideas to fight it. Pandemics have been shaping our cities for a long time.

In 1854, for example, a cholera (霍乱) outbreak in London, UK led to the design of modern sewers (下水道).At that time, Londoners’ drinking water came from groundwater. It was heavily polluted by wastewater. The sewer system separated the wastewater from the groundwater. This stopped the spread of cholera.“By sewering certain towns in England, the death rate from lung diseases alone was reduced by 50 percent,” George Pierson wrote in his book The Separate System of Sewerage.

In New York,US,tuberculosis(肺结核)killed many people in the early 1900s. One reason was the overcrowded conditions in apartment buildings. Eventually the New York government made laws that required all apartments to have air shafts, windows, running water and indoor toilets.

During this year’s pandemic, Mayor of Paris Anne Hidaogo introduced the idea of decentralizing the city——every neighborhood should have a mix of stores, homes, offices, and other important buildings. Every basic need should be just a 15-minute walk away. This would reduce crowding on public transportation and prevent the spread of disease.

1. What can we know about Kigali, according to the paragraph 1?

A．Layla Me Cay takes charge of the city.

B．Passengers can’t board the bus without washing hands.

C．You can only find dozens of hand-washing basins in public places.

D．The government provides facilities to reduce the risk of infection.

2. What does the underlined phrase “decentralizing the city” mean?

A．Allowing the city more focused.	B．Making the city more attractive.
C．Dividing the city into several parts.	D．Having the city less central.

3. How does the author support his idea?

A．By listing examples.	B．By giving comments.
C．By making comparison.	D．By following the order of time.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Keeping our cities beautiful.	B．Pandemic changes city design.
C．Several severe diseases in history.	D．How COVID-19 changed our life.