1 . Doctors commonly view excessive (过多的) daytime sleepiness as a sign of disturbed or inadequate sleep. But a new study suggests it could also signal depression or even diabetes (糖尿病), regardless of whether an individual doesn’t sleep well.

Among a random sample of 16, 500 men and women ranging in age from 20 to 100 years old from central Pennsylvania, 8.7 percent had excessive daytime sleepiness.

Researchers, who considered a wide range of possible reasons for why these individuals were excessively sleepy during the daytime, found that excessive daytime sleepiness was more strongly associated with depression, diabetes and overweight than with sleep-disordered breathing.

Depression was by far the most significant risk factor for excessive daytime sleepiness, researchers reported in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. The likelihood of being excessively sleepy during the daytime was more than three times higher in those who reported they were being treated for depression. These searchers also observed strong ties between excessive daytime sleepiness and diabetes. Individuals reporting treatment for diabetes were close to two times more likely to report excessive daytime sleepiness than those who were not being treated for diabetes. Being overweight also increased the likelihood of excessive daytime sleepiness.

Excessive daytime sleepiness was more common in people younger than age 30, who were in a state of unmet sleep needs and depression. As for the over 75 crowd, increasing medical illness and health problems were the causes.

Sleep-disordered breathing—brief episodes when breathing stops during sleep—was not a significant player in excessive daytime sleepiness. This was consistent with prior studies that had reported only weak associations between sleep-disordered breathing and excessive daytime sleepiness.

1. Which of the following is slightly associated with excessive daytime sleepiness?

A．Depression.

B．Overweight.

C．Diabetes.

D．Sleep-disordered breathing.

2. What can we learn from paragraph 4?

A．Those who got treatment for diabetes can get three times daytime sleep than those who do not.

B．Depression is linked with overweight and diabetes.

C．Excessive daytime sleepiness contributes to depression.

D．Overweight may result in excessive daytime sleepiness.

3. Which may lead to the over 75 crowd suffering from excessive daytime sleepiness?

A．Medical conditions.

B．Lack of sleep.

C．Breathing problem.

D．Depression.

4. What does the passage talk about?

A．The reasons for excessive daytime sleepiness.

B．The consequences of excessive daytime sleepiness.

C．The approaches to curing excessive daytime sleepiness.

D．The features of excessive daytime sleepiness.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A new college graduate’s decision to become a cemetery staff has set off a heated discussion on social     1    (medium) about how young people nowadays can deal with social anxiety and benefit     2    genuine interpersonal relationships. The student from Chongqing said she is very pleased with her job     3     she only has four colleagues and does not need to worry about any complicated relationships. Her decision became a trending topic on Sina Weibo, with many netizens     4    (say) they envied her position. “Young people would rather work in a cemetery than network,” said one comment,    5    received more than 10,000 likes.

Meanwhile, a 29-year-old man in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, made headlines after he     6    (provide) with emergency assistance twice in a month because he was experiencing social anxiety. The man, surnamed Zhong, has a doctorate. He suffered from a panic disorder when he began work and had difficulty     7    (adapt) to the pressure of his job and his new social circle. He also experienced two relationship breakups.     8    (previous), he had lived     9     isolated life and had not participated in social gatherings.

According to a survey     10    (conduct) last year by China Youth Daily, more than 80 percent of the nearly 5,000 college students questioned said they had mild social anxiety disorder, with only 12 percent saying they did not have any problems.

3 . By now, nearly everyone knows we can be addicted to our digital devices. The average smartphone user rarely goes two hours without using her device, unlocks her device 50 or more times a day, and swipes or taps on it as many as 2,617 times in the process. The youth are particularly affected: A 2018 Pew Research Center report found that 44 percent of teens said they often check their devices for messages or notifications as soon as they wake up, 54 percent said they spend too much time on their mobile phone, and 42 percent feel anxiety when they do not have it.

A device addiction is quite harmful. It is associated with depression and anxiety. According to the technology research firm Compare Camp, 26 percent of car accidents in the U.S. today are due to the use of smartphones while driving. These problems are obvious to almost everyone; the solutions, less so. Some experts suggest taxation to help limit digital overuse, similar to the way the government discourages tobacco use. Others say the only way to beat an addiction is to quit cold turkey and go device-free.

But in a world of electronic payments, digital documents, and remote work, a truly smartphone-free lifestyle is getting less and less practical. A better—and, for many of us, more reasonable—approach is to manage addictive behavior by moderating device use. This isn’t just a matter of setting screen-time limits you can easily break; rather, you can start to develop specific habits to replace the unhealthy ones that keep sending you back to your phone.

The digital-technology scholar Cal Newport recommends the “phone foyer” method, wherein he leaves his phone by the front door when he walks into his house, and doesn’t put it in his pocket until he leaves again. If he needs to look at it, he does so only in the foyer. Just as the Greek Stoic philosopher Epictetus taught in his Discourses, “No man is free who is not master of himself.”

1. How does the writer explain phone addiction in paragraph 1?

A．By giving reasons.	B．By listing numbers.
C．By raising questions.	D．By making comparisons.

2. What does the underlined phrase “quit cold turkey” mean in paragraph 2?

A．Charging a tax.	B．Stop eating turkeys.
C．Stop using smartphones.	D．Discouraging smoking.

3. Why does the author quote Epictetus in the last paragraph?

A．To show respect to Epictetus.	B．To prove the “phone foyer” method.
C．To advise people to be a master.	D．To inspire people to get rid of phone addiciton.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．How to Break a Phone Addiction	B．Effect of Phone Addiction on Teens
C．Phone Addiction Ruins Our Freedom	D．Device Addiction Contributes to Depression

4 . The sky is blue, and the sunshines on the street in Paris, where Mr. Gallais has been selling old classic books to tourists for more than 30 years.

Locals and tourists around the world would come to Mr. Gallai’s shop and 230 other open-air booksellers’ to buy book. However, because of the lockdown regulations to control the COVID-19 pandemic, the booksellers had to face the problem of losing the business and living difficulties these years.

“Sales have decreased by an average of 80 percent this year,” Mr. Gala is said, “which is throwing many booksellers into dangerous situations.” Still, some booksellers want to work. They are eager to keep the tradition that dates back to the l6th century. Many of the booksellers are retired workers living on pensions (养老金). They gather literature books and magazines. A growing number of people in their 30s and 40s have joined their ranks. They want to feel free from working outside an office in rain or shine.

Even before the pandemic, the booksellers were fighting with the cultural changes that people don’t read paper books as much as they used to. If they do read paper books, most readers will often choose Amazon.com to buy ones.

1. How long has Mr. Gallais been selling old classic books along the bank?

A．More than 16 years.	B．More than 19 years.
C．More than 23 years.	D．More than 30 years.

2. What’s the main cause of the booksellers’ living difficulties these years?

A．The booksellers’ competition.	B．The lockdown regulations.
C．The trend of a new profession.	D．The popularity of E-books.

3. Why did many people in their 30s and 40s become sellers?

A．They are not willing to accept advances.

B．They are eager to live a challenging life.

C．They want to feel free from working outside.

D．They can earn a large amount of money.

4. What can we infer from the passage?

A．Mr. Gallais isn’t a bookseller.

B．Middle-aged people don’t join the ranks.

C．Retired booksellers don’t gather literature books and magazines.

D．Booksellers make efforts to keep the bookselling tradition.

5 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Milo is a rescue dog, adopted by 20-year-old Makayla Swift. But Milo the beagle is also a rescuer. One morning in November 2021, Swift opened her front door in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Milo took off running. Milo ran to the house across the street. He seemed unsatisfied with this house, so he ran to the one next door, Swift on his tail. He started scratching on the front door and Swift was thinking, “Why is he literally trying to break into her house?” She was embarrassed. Not everyone wants a strange dog on their property. But as she tried to drag Milo away, she could hear a sound coming through an open upstairs window. It was a voice yelling “Help!”

Hours earlier, around 4 a.m., 85-year-old Sherry Starr had risen from her bed. All of a sudden, standing there between the toilet and the tub, she slipped. She went down-hard-on the tile floor, and got stuck. Starr was scared of dying there. Her best bet, she decided, was to listen for the letter carrier in the afternoon and scream like the devils.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
For the next few hours, Starr practiced yelling, “Help! Help! Help!”
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Not long after the call, rescue workers arrived.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 . It is a sad story about cute hand-crafted animals. Bored and lonely Chinese university students have gone crazy about making cardboard pets recently. In an ________ to relieve boredom and loneliness of campus coronavirus lockdowns, students across the nation have begun making handicraft animal ________ out of recycled cardboard. The craze has led some online commentators to speculate (推断) that the young people involved may have gone stir-crazy. Online observers ________ whether paper pets craze is a sign of ________ or a source of spiritual comfort.

Among other practices, students ________ their hand-crafted pets — mainly dogs — at their dormitory doors and take them for a walk when going for lunch or PCR tests. ________ by different species in the real world and popular emojis online, many students created differently designed paper animals and shared them at school and online. Having spent three years under the shadow of ________ Covid controls, many said the latest hit could provide “spiritual comfort”.

“I saw online that many people were doing this, and many of my classmates too. And ________, I need a dog to ________ my heart when living on campus,” a student, surnamed Gong, from Northwest University in Xi’an city told local news portal cnwest. com.

“A cardboard dog doesn’t get old or fall ________. I don’t need to take it to the hospital. Also, it needn’t ________ from disinfection of alcohol and it will always wait for me at the door,” one student said on Weibo, ________ to the common practice of disinfecting pets, which has sometimes led to death, when their owners were under control.

The latest craze has been met with mixed reactions from the public, with one Weibo user saying: “These students are going mad after being ________ for too long.”

“It’s cute but ________,” said another ________ on Twitter.

1.

A．assist

B．advance

C．access

D．attempt

2.

A．companions

B．decorations

C．toys

D．characters

3.

A．turn to

B．worry about

C．discuss on

D．believe in

4.

A．happiness

B．alertness

C．madness

D．sickness

5.

A．place

B．compete

C．promote

D．swap

6.

A．Touched

B．Inspired

C．Driven

D．Conducted

7.

A．temporary

B．instant

C．casual

D．strict

8.

A．personally

B．gradually

C．excitedly

D．normally

9.

A．satisfy

B．comfort

C．light

D．fix

10.

A．ill

B．asleep

C．silent

D．lonely

11.

A．hear

B．recover

C．come

D．suffer

12.

A．returning

B．referring

C．appealing

D．adapting

13.

A．followed

B．disturbed

C．isolated

D．affected

14.

A．funny

B．sad

C．strange

D．interesting

15.

A．writer

B．programmer

C．researcher

D．poster

7 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What does the speaker think of having five meetings every week?

A．It’s stressful.

B．It’s interesting.

C．It’s acceptable.

2. Why do Americans like meetings according to the speaker?

A．To save time.

B．To share good ideas.

C．To meet many friends.

3. How can a meeting be well controlled according to the speaker?

A．By dividing into groups.

B．By setting a suitable time.

C．By having a reliable chairman.

8 . When you have work to do, would you rather work at home, in an office, or at a café? For many, the answer would be a café. There is no doubt that the caffeine in coffee can provide some energy to help us work.     1     Therefore, it’s no surprise that cafes are often full of people working hard on their laptops.

    2     Some scientists suggest that background music, people chatting, or the sound of making drinks actually helps people improve their concentration. These noises provide just enough stimulation to help people focus on a task without becoming annoyed or letting their minds wander.

Another theory has to do with social psychology. Research has found that people are often more productive when they have an audience. In a setting like a café, people may be encouraged to increase their focus when they are surrounded by others who are also hard at work.     3    

For many writers, cafés are the best places to go when an important deadline is coming up. The Manuscript Writing Cafe in Japan has decided to target writers that need to get their work done quickly.     4     That means comic book artists and authors as well as songwriters are also welcome.

What makes the Manuscript Writing Café even more unique is that customers have to announce their writing goals for the day to the cafe staff.     5     In other words, work slowly and you’ ll pay for it. What’s more, they aren’t allowed to leave until they have completed their work for the day.

A．Why are some people more productive in cafés?

B．This special café opened in Tokyo in April 2022.

C．The brain might consider others working nearby as competitors.

D．Customers are also charged for each half-hour they stay at the café.

E．But on top of that, a lot of people just seem to work more efficiently there.

F．It won’t let customers take a seat unless they do a writing or artistic project.

G．The staff will check on their progress every hour and ensure that they’ re being productive.

9 . It’s picking season at Christian Nachtwey’s organic orchard (果园) in western Germany and laborers are loading their vehicles with ripe apples. But Nachtwey’s farm is also obtaining a second harvest: Many of the apple trees grow beneath solar panels that have been producing electricity, while providing the fruit below with much-needed shade.

“The idea is simple,” said Nachtwey. “To protect the orchard, without reducing the available growing surface and in particular maintaining production. On top of that, there’s the solar electricity being generated on the same land.” Large-scale solar installations on farmland are becoming increasingly popular, as farmers seek to make the most of their land and establish a second source of revenue (收益).

Getting the right mix of crop and solar is hard, because modern fruit varieties are finely used to particular growing conditions. Any change can tip the balance, costing farmers revenue if their fruit is damaged, the wrong color or not as sweet as consumers like. That’s why Nachtwey is cooperating with researchers to test which apple varieties thrive under the solar roofs, and which types of solar roofs are best suited for the orchard. To compare the results, some trees are covered with a conventional net normally used to protect sensitive crops from hail (冰雹).

Juergen Zimmer, an expert with the agricultural services department of Rhineland-Palatinate state, said the apples grown under the solar roofs were slightly less sweet this year than those under the hail nets. But hardly any of the solar-shaded apples got damaged in the intense sunlight that hit the region on July 24 this year, while up to 18% of the uncovered fruit suffered sunburn that day, he said. “We need at least two to three full years to record all the weather conditions that might occur, and look at the output and color that the different varieties of tree produce,” said Zimmer.

Researchers hope the tests will show that tree fruit crops thrive under solar panels. This could help prevent renewable energy production from competing for precious land with agriculture — a growing concern for those seeking to tackle climate change and rising food prices.

1. What can we know about the idea of putting solar panels in the orchard?

A．Trees provide solar panels with much-needed shade.

B．Farmers grow fewer trees as solar panels cover the land.

C．Solar panels significantly decrease the output of ripe apples.

D．The model makes it possible for farmers to make extra profits.

2. What may happen if Nachtwey doesn’t get the right mix of crop and solar?

A．He may get more revenues.	B．Solar panels may not work.
C．The color of panels may change.	D．Fruit may be difficult to sell.

3. What did Juergen Zimmer find in his test?

A．A net can protect crops from hail.

B．Solar-shaded apples have a better taste.

C．Solar roofs shade apples from sunburn.

D．Sunburn does more harm to apples than hail.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Solar panels compete with agriculture for land.

B．A farmer tries solar roofs on an apple orchard.

C．Solar panels provide renewable energy for agriculture.

D．Experts fight against climate change and rising food prices.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In some areas of Yunnan, when winter comes, people sit around a fire and bake tea in pottery pots on the fire. After the tea leaves are roasted, people add hot water     1     (boil) them. While drinking tea, they chat with each other and bake fruits over the fire,     2     has become a social scene in these areas.

Today, the unique experience of “boiling tea around a stove” has become popular on the Internet unexpectedly. On a social media platform, the number of views on the topic     3     (be) over 12 million so far. Now netizens are sharing plenty of other options in the activity, from homemade roasted milk tea     4     heated wine. In addition to the variety of drinks, the choices of snacks are even more diverse. The most popular options include roasted sweet     5     (potato), oranges, rice cakes, as well as dried fruits and nuts for health management.

Stove-boiled tea has attracted young Chinese people through its connection with     6     (nature) surroundings. People normally sit outside     7     in indoor courtyards with potted plants and traditional Chinese decorations. Some also show     8    (they) love of stove-boiled tea while wearing traditional Hanfu clothing in these graceful settings.

When people are facing the pressure of a fast lifestyle and the stress of work and study, making tea around the fire provides     9     opportunity to slow down, relax and get back to living a life with friends. A small stove, a pot of tea, and some friends     10    (invite) to chat together easily take up a whole afternoon.