1 . Growing up as kids we are told to share our toys and not to be selfish. We also live in an age when discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much? With new trends growing all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a carpet as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media?
“Oversharing” has become associated with social media, but it isn’t exclusive to this platform. Imagine you head to a party and meet someone. Within five minutes they have revealed private details about their life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage advisor Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does this translate to social media?
Dr. Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology (网络心理学), says the more details people uncover, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. It seems that searching for sympathy by oversharing is generally considered as negative rather than the cry for help it could really be.
However, Dr. Hand’s research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become-only if the posts that we share are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online. We should also avoid showing off, especially about our love lives. It makes sense-if your date is going “that well”, would you really have time to share a photo with text?
So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in real life. They would probably be happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your complaints about your lack of money really are too much.
1. What does the underlined word “exclusive” in paragraph 2 mean?| A．Unique. | B．Similar. | C．Relevant | D．Distinct. |
| A．To draw others’ attention. | B．To satisfy others’ curiosity. |
| C．To remove negative feelings. | D．To develop good relationships. |
| A．Sharing more details online can attract more sympathy. |
| B．Oversharing negative experiences is equal to crying for help. |
| C．Oversharing isn’t likely to happen online when things go wrong. |
| D．Sharing negative posts can’t help one become socially attractive. |
| A．Reflecting on past bad manners. | B．Showing a great many expensive goods. |
| C．Writing a recipe for a balanced breakfast. | D．Recording unforgettable moments with friends. |
2 . The set is simple: a little fabric, a chair, maybe some lowers. Its users are more complex (复杂的): an American mother who takes her children to visit their Mexican father every weekend, and a nine-year-old boy who wants to “have a memory of us together” before his father goes back to California. They pause what they’re doing, sit for a photo, and leave with a printed copy. Behind the camera is Alexia Webster, a South African photographer who sets up street studios around the world. At Studio Transfroriterizo, her project in Tijuana, Mexico, passing characters offer a look at life on the world’s busiest land border: Every day nearly 100,000 people legally crass from Tijuana to San Diego, California, at the San Ysidro border.
More than a decade, ago, Webster was photographing for the United Nations in a refugee (难民) camp in Kenya when a man told her he’d watched photographers visit for 15 years but didn’t have a single picture of himself or his family. Many of Webster’s subjects had escaped from war, leaving personal archives (档案) behind. One photo could help them rebuild. In 2011, with people to pose for a free session. She printed their pictures on the spot. “Primarily it’s for them, for their kids, their grandkids, their lovers, their friends,” she says. “It’s a record of who they are.” Webster has since put up studios in other places, from the streets of Mumbai, India to a refugee camp in South Sudan.
She gives few instructions from behind the camera. “The idea of the project is for people to rebuild their archives and reaffirm their identity,” Webster says. “I like them to determine how they want their photo to be.”
1. What’s Alexia Webster’s job?| A．Taking photos for passers-by. |
| B．Rescuing children from the war zone. |
| C．Selling cameras to travelers from America. |
| D．Offering legal help to people crossing the border. |
| A．In the US. | B．In Mexico. | C．In Kenya. | D．In South Afriea. |
| A．To give passers-by a chance to get back the identity. |
| B．To train young people to be professional photographers. |
| C．To provide free legal consultation for families in need. |
| D．To help refugees around the world to escape from war. |
| A．Humorous. | B．Caring. | C．Demanding. | D．Romantic. |
These days, people who do manual(手工的 体力的)work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. As often as not, people who work in offices
4 . A new study shows that fat people in the United States suffer direct economic and social effects because of their size. The findings are from an 8-year study of about 100,000 people. The people studied were between the ages of 16 and 24 when the research began.
The researchers who carried out the study say they consider the people fat if they are in the top of 5% of the measurement. In this measurement, weight is connected with height. For example, fat women in the study were about 160 centimetres tall and weighed about 90 kilograms. Fat men in the study were about 175 centimetres tall and weighed 100 kilograms. The researchers say that more than 1, 000,000 Americans are that big. The researchers found that fat young women were more likely to lose social and economic power even if they were from wealthy families. The fat women were also 20% less likely to get married and they earned an average of about S 6,700 a year less than other women. The study showed less severe effect on fat men. They earned an average of about $ 3,000 a year less than other men. Fat men were also 11% less likely to get married.
1. From this passage we know fat people in America were ______.| A．admired | B．respected | C．unhealthy | D．unpopular |
| A．The reason why fat people suffered. |
| B．The cause that caused people to be fat. |
| C．The standard of fat people. |
| D．The number of fat people. |
| A．economic | B．social | C．serious | D．favorable |
| A．brain, human rights and payment |
| B．income, marriage and human rights |
| C．brain, education and marriage |
| D．marriage, getting jobs and income |
5 . Years ago it was popular to speak of a generation gap, a disagreement between young people and their elders. Parents said that children did not show them proper respect and obedience (服从), while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong? Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared? Actually the generation gap has been around for a long time. Many people argue that a gap is built into the fabric (结构) of our society.
One important cause of the generation gap is the chance that young people have to choose their own ways of life. In more traditional societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and agree to, and to continue the family occupation. In our society, young people often travel great distances for their education, move out of the family home at an early age, marry or live with people whom their parents have never met, and choose occupations different from those of their parents.
In our easily changing society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, the strong wish that parents have for their children is another cause of the disagreement between them. Often, they discover that they have very little in common with each other.
Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture, elderly people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become out of date overnight. The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds, separated by different skills and abilities. No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come. Its causes are rooted in the freedom and changes of our society, and in the rapid speed at which society changes.
1. What is the text mainly about?| A．The concept of generation gap. |
| B．The reasons for generation gap. |
| C．Ways to reduce generation gap. |
| D．Attitudes towards generation gap. |
| A．depend on their parents to make a life |
| B．live with their parents in the same area |
| C．ask their parents for the best advice |
| D．have very little in common with their parents |
| A．Parents should be strict with their children. |
| B．The generation gap is partly caused by the older generation. |
| C．Parents couldn’t do things well themselves. |
| D．The young never want to satisfy their parents. |
| A．Parents are not strict enough with their children. |
| B．The young value the old too much for their wisdom. |
| C．Young people don’t have the knowledge of a lifetime. |
| D．The society develops too fast. |
6 . The Earth is losing some of its major freshwater supplies. But the water is not in lakes or rivers. They are called “aquifers”(含水层). They formed deep underground as the Earth developed. Some aquifers are so deep that water from very heavy rains cannot reach them through all the rock and dirt.
Many aquifers provide irrigation (灌溉)water for crops. These freshwater are helping farmers in many countries. A new report says some aquifers are being emptied.
Irrigated agriculture is responsible for about 80 percent or more of freshwater use worldwide. A growing part of that comes from underground aquifers because of dry weather or farmers growing crops in areas with little rainfall.
But researchers say taking water from aquifers is creating a large problem. Scientists warn that there is not much that can be done to repair them. It is difficult to measure groundwater because it is so deep underground. It is also difficult to know how much water is there and where it is. The water from these aquifers may not be replaced for hundreds of years.
The report says seven countries use the most non - renewable groundwater for agricultural production. The seven are the United States. India, Pakistan, China, Mexico and Saudi Arabia. The United States is one of the world's major exporters of food. If China and India use up the groundwater they need to feed their populations, they would be forced to buy more food. This increased demand could cause food prices to rise.
The study shows that, while countries like Somalia are dealing with little rainfall, the world may someday face an underground drought. It's a really global issue. All countries around the world are facing this challenge. We don't have any great solutions or strategies to deal with this. So, at the very least, we need to have discussions to come up with new ways, new strategies that recognize this problem and manage how we might adjust our policies (调整 政策).
Any strategy must balance the short-term need for food for the world with the long-term survival of the Earth's aquifers.
1. Why is it difficult to recover underground water?| A．More water is drawn than it is added. |
| B．The Earth still lacks rainwater. |
| C．It is too deep for rainwater to reach. |
| D．Researchers know nothing about it. |
| A．The US will benefit from it. |
| B．More rains will reach aquifers. |
| C．Fresh water in lakes or rivers will also disappear. |
| D．Food will become more expensive. |
| A．Worried. | B．Relaxed. | C．Encouraged. | D．Optimistic. |
| A．No Ways Can Save Underground Water |
| B．The Earth’s Underground Water Is Being Emptied |
| C．Agriculture Is Destroying Underground Water |
| D．Everyone's Duty Is to Protect Underground Water |
7 . Now many young people are travelling around the world on their own, not because they have no one to travel with, but because they prefer to go alone.
Kristina Wegscheider from California first traveled alone when she was at college and believes that it was something everyone should do at least once in their life. “It opens up your mind to new things and pushes you out of your comfort zone.” Wegscheider has visited 46 countries covering all seven continents.
In foreign countries, with no one to help you read a map, look after you if you get ill, or lend you money if your wallet is stolen, it is challenging. This is what drives young people to travel alone. It is seen as character building and a chance to prove that they can make it on their own.
Chris Richardson decided to leave his sales job in Australia to go traveling last year. He set up a website, The Aussie Nomad, to document his adventures. He says he wished he had traveled alone earlier. “The people you meet, the places you visit, or the things you do, everything is up to you and it forces you to grow as a person,” said the 30year-old.
Richardson describes traveling alone like “a shot in the arm”, which “makes you a more confident person that is ready to deal with anything”. He said: “The feeling of having conquered something on my own is a major part of what drives me each day when I'm dealing with a difficult task. I walk around with my head up because I know deep down inside that nothing is impossible if you try.”
The great 19th century explorer John Muir once said: “Only by going alone in silence can one truly get into the heart of the wilderness.”
1. Why is it challenging to travel alone?| A．It will finally build your character. |
| B．You have to make things on your own. |
| C．It is hard for you to prove yourself to others. |
| D．You depend on yourself whatever happens. |
| A．Traveling abroad helps people to find new things. |
| B．It is more meaningful to travel in foreign countries. |
| C．It is comfortable to travel around without a friend. |
| D．Traveling alone is a necessary experience for everyone. |
| A．He started traveling at an early age. |
| B．He was once shot in the arm. |
| C．He used to work as a salesman. |
| D．His website inspires others a lot. |
| A．Travel Wide and Far |
| B．Travel Unaccompanied |
| C．Travel Light |
| D．Travel Abroad |
