1 . Forty years ago, when Marilyn Loden, then 31 and a manager at a telephone company, made a speech at the 1978 Women's Exposition, she didn't know that a phrase she came up with on that day would still be alive after all these years. "It seemed to me there was an invisible barrier to advancement that people didn't recognize," Loden said at the expo when talking about how hard it was for women to climb the career ladder. And that barrier, according to her, could all be boiled down to one phrase-" glass ceiling".

Since then, there have been major advances in gender equality.   We've seen women achieving bigger and bigger things in cinema, education, politics and even business. But sadly, there's one field that's still run mainly by men: science.

That's why it was inspiring when Zhang Miman, 82, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was given a L'OreaI-UNESCO For Women in Science award on March 22.

According to China Daily, the number of women working in science around the world has increased by 12 percent in the past 20 years. But even so, the glass ceiling is still there. Indeed, less than 30 percent of researchers are women, and only 3 percent of Nobel Prizes for Science have been awarded to women.

Of course, it has little to do with the stereotype (思维定势) that "women are bad at science". In fact, a study found that nearly half of the "highly qualified" scientists and engineers in the US are women.

"Since so few are in the upper ranks, there aren't female instructor to guide women through challenges and support them for promotions," wrote Tara Weiss on Forbes.

May 24 marks the 40th anniversary of the phrase "glass ceiling". Even though the ceiling is still there, things are changing. And with Zhang winning her award, one more crack has been added to the ceiling.

1. Why does the author introduce Marilyn Loden at the beginning of the text?

A．To attract readers' attention.

B．To introduce the topic of the text.

C．To make Loden well-known.

D．To amuse readers with Loden's story.

2. What does the underlined phrase "glass ceiling" in the first paragraph refer to?

A．the good news for women to be promoted.

B．the shortest way for women to succeed.

C．the unseen barriers for women to advance.

D．the unknown advantages for women to develop.

3. What can be inferred from paragraph 4, 5 and 6?

A．Women scientists have very high status in the world.

B．Women are naturally not good at science at all.

C．Women's liberation in science still has a long way to go.

D．Women don't like challenges in career.

4. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?

A．To praise Zhang Miman.

B．To remember Marilyn Loden.

C．To encourage women to break the barrier.

D．To introduce a phrase "glass ceiling".

2 . 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.

Children need a healthy,     1    (balance) diet that gives them enough energy to grow and develop. This means that it's necessary for them    2    (take) in more energy than they use and this extra energy forms new tissues as they grow. However, if children regularly take in too much energy, this is stored as fat and they will put    3    weight.

Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health    4    (challenge) of the 21st century. The problem is global and is    5    (steady) affecting many low-income and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings. The trend has increased at an    6    (alarm) rate. Globally, the number of overweight children under the age of five    7    (be)estimated to be over 42 million. Close to 35 million of these are living in developing countries.

The causes of obesity are complex and include genetic, biological, behavioral and cultural factors. Obesity occurs when a person eats    8    (many) calories than the body burns up. If one parent is obese, there is a 50 percent chance    9     　their children will also be obese. However, when both parents are obese, their children have    10    80 percent chance of being obese. Less than 1 percent of all obesity is caused by physical problems.

3 . Have you ever pressed the pedestrian button at a crosswalk and wondered if it really worked? Or strike the “close door” button in an elevator, while suspecting that it may, in fact, have no effect at all? They're called “placebo(安慰剂) buttons”—buttons that mechanically sound and can be pushed, but provide no functionality.

In New York City, only about 100 of the 1, 000 crosswalk buttons actually function. Crosswalk signals were generally installed before traffic jam had reached today's levels, and, over time, they started to influence the complex harmony of traffic lights.

But while their function was taken over by more advanced systems—such as automated lights or traffic sensors—the physical buttons were often kept, rather than being replaced at further expense. Other cities, such as Boston, Dallas and Seattle, have gone through a similar process, leaving them with their own placebo pedestrian buttons. In London, which has 6,000traffic signals, pressing the pedestrian button results in a reliable “Wait” light. But that doesn't necessarily mean that the “green man”—or “pedestrian stage” in traffic signal design profession—will appear any sooner.

“We do have some crossings where the green light comes on automatically, but we still ask people to press the button because that enables accessible features,” said Glynn Barton, director of network management at Transport for London.

These features, such as blind tracks and hearable traffic signals, help people with visual disorder cross the road and only function when the button is pressed. As for the lights, a growing number of them are now combined and become a part of an electronic system that detects traffic and adjusts time frequency accordingly(giving priority to buses if they're running late, for example), which means that pressing the button has no effect.

According to Langer, a Harvard psychologist, placebo buttons give us the illusion of control—and something to do in situations where the alternative would be doing nothing. In the case of pedestrian crossings, they may even make us safer by forcing us to pay attention to our surroundings. “They serve a psychological purpose at the very least,” she added.

1. What is a placebo button?

A．A button that flashes at a crosswalk.

B．A button that warns the pedestrians.

C．A button that nearly has no practical effect now.

D．A button that is not common before the electronic system.

2. Why are the placebo buttons in Boston kept?

A．They cost more to be replaced than to be kept.

B．They are unique attractions on the street.

C．They function well and are environmentally friendly.

D．They respond more slowly than the advanced systems.

3. What does the psychologist Langer think of the buttons at a crosswalk?

A．They're harmful to mental health.

B．They have no use for pedestrians.

C．Pressing them makes people feel foolish.

D．People may have a sense of safety when pressing them.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．How do placebo buttons affect mental health?

B．How do the buttons at a crosswalk operate?

C．When should a pedestrian wait at a crosswalk?

D．Why are the big cities full of buttons that don't work?

4 . Most young adults prefer to have a separate or independent life from their parents or families as soon as possible. This is because they have strong urge for freedom in doing what they desire.    1    . This should not be surprising since often they, actually not ready mentally although they are physically ready. It’s widely understood that to live independently requires a lot of energy and it’s not easy at all. In this twenty first century, people may need more and more preparation because competition is increasing rapidly.    2    . Therefore, they will not be able to support and fulfill their necessities.

    3    , some young adults may need to take more time to prepare themselves before going out to struggle. Taking time to get more education and living with their families for a longer time may lead them to a better independent life because they will be well prepared for the hard life outside. Still living with families for too long will not be good idea because they could get too used to it and tend to be less independent.

    4    . He or she must decide whether they’re ready to leave their parents to have an independent life or not. The decision will vary from one person to another. A person should judge that he is capable of fulfilling his needs without being dependent on his parents; this indicates that he is ready for his independent life.    5    .

A．But in fact many of them fail

B．Conflicts appear between young adults and their parents

C．So living independently at an early age is not suitable for all young adults

D．Otherwise he might need to stay longer with his parents

E．The time to live independently depends on the person himself

F．Enjoying freedom is the first thing young adults take into consideration

G．An observation shows that many University graduated students are unemployed

5 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Why does the speaker give this talk?

A．To tell the arrangements for a visit.

B．To explain the student welfare in detail.

C．To introduce the University Helpline.

2. What will the speaker hand out?

A．Maps.

B．His business cants.

C．Guide brochures.

3. What are the opening hours of the Student Welfare Office?

A．9:00 am~4:00 pm on weekdays.

B．10:00 am~4:00pm on Saturdays.

C．9:30 am~4:00 pm on Saturdays.

4. What should visitors do during busy hours?

A．Wait in the office patiently.

B．Ask the speaker to call them hack.

C．Add their names to the waiting list.

6 . Chase and Nicole McKeown are both police officers in Elizabeth town in Kentucky. One night, the two off-duty officers _______a robbery at a restaurant chain.

When they were eating dinner in the restaurant, a man came in _______a mask and went up to the counter.

“I think we both saw him at the same time,” Nicole said during a news conference.     _______, she thought the man may be sick, given _______season, but soon she knew the mask was for a less innocent _______, according to CNN. Nicole added they saw the employees behind the counter _______their hands and that’s when we both _______what was happening.

The monitor video _______what happened next. The officers drew their weapons and _______the suspect. On the video, the suspect can be seen ________his weapon and running out of the door, CNN reported. The couple ________to pursue (追赶) him a few blocks away from the restaurant and ________him at gunpoint (枪口) until the Louisville Metro Police arrived and ________him.

“It is my belief that if not for the ________actions of these two officers, the robber’s actions inside the ________would have escalated (升级). They acted ________,” said Deputy Dan Mason of the LMPD’s robbery unit.

The couple said the officer instinct (本能) just kicked in as the situation ________. “We both looked at each other and said ‘Let’s go,” Chase said. “When it ________people’s life in danger, any other officer would have done the ________thing,” Nicole said.

The suspect is now in ________in Louisville, according to the police.

1.

A．acted

B．made

C．found

D．prevented

2.

A．waving

B．wearing

C．holding

D．carrying

3.

A．Later on

B．Right away

C．At first

D．Once more

4.

A．flu

B．peak

C．harvest

D．holiday

5.

A．aim

B．result

C．victim

D．reason

6.

A．put up

B．drew back

C．took off

D．turned over

7.

A．decided

B．feared

C．realized

D．wondered

8.

A．spread

B．showed

C．copied

D．changed

9.

A．left

B．asked

C．seized

D．chased

10.

A．hiding

B．ruining

C．dropping

D．returning

11.

A．agreed

B．started

C．continued

D．offered

12.

A．held

B．killed

C．punished

D．searched

13.

A．hurt

B．arrested

C．examined

D．threatened

14.

A．heroic

B．extra

C．sudden

D．final

15.

A．game

B．fight

C．business

D．situation

16.

A．crazily

B．luckily

C．surprisingly

D．honorably

17.

A．developed

B．improved

C．changed

D．worsened

18.

A．goes for

B．comes to

C．deals with

D．fights against

19.

A．same

B．opposite

C．common

D．different

20.

A．mercy

B．prison

C．silence

D．hospital

7 . Gretchen Altman is smiling, leaning back casually, a cup of coffee in hand — Hills Bros. Coffee, to be precise. It looks like a casual shot, but if you hit like, leave a comment, and tag a friend, you can get three different cups of coffee, for free.

Altman is part of a growing trend of "micro-influencers". She has a small following — around 6,000 on Instagram (社交平台).Her going rate is $300 to $800 to promote something. She does some posts in exchange for free goods, as long as it's stuff she believes in.

As a micro-influencer she has a much closer relationship with her followers than a big social media star. "I'm just living a normal life and people relate to that," she says. "They just feel like I'm a friend of theirs."

But it worries consumer rights groups. Several recent studies have found that young audiences are largely unable to understand when something is sponsored content.

In some cases, it's clear. When a big star takes to a social media to advertise Coca-Cola, for example, the assumption is that he or she's probably getting paid to do so. And the posts are clearly labeled as ads, with the caption "advertisement" or "sponsored content".

But what happens when an everyday person with just a couple thousand followers takes to social media to extol(颂扬）the virtues of a product? The motivations are not so clear-cut. The problem with these social media posts is that you don't know whether it's an ad or not.

Altman is diligent about using those hashtags(标签).She loves what she does and sees it as a business, but she doesn't necessarily want to be a social media celebrity.

"With social media being so integrated into our everyday lives, we have this unique opportunity that I don't think anyone has ever had before where we can each be our own brand," Altman says.

1. What does a micro-influencer do according to the passage?

A．Offer enough likes.	B．Recommend some comments.
C．Post to increase sales.	D．Create advertisements.

2. What makes consumer rights groups feel worried?

A．Ads with caption on posts.	B．The unclear motivations of the posts.
C．Sponsored ads content.	D．The increasingly growing number of audiences

3. How does Gretchen Altman feel about being a micro-influencer?

A．Pleased	B．Upset.
C．Ambitious.	D．Disappointed.

4. Which of the following can be the best title?

A．We Can Each Be Our Own Top Brand

B．To be a Micro-influencer or to be a Big Star

C．Hills Bros. Coffee, Your Coffee

D．Instagram Advertising: Do You Know It, When You See It

8 . We often hear such statements: “I spilled (洒出) juice, but it wasn’t my fault.”, “I got in trouble at school, but it wasn’t my fault.” or “I was in a car accident, but it wasn’t my fault.” That “It’s not my fault.” is a go-to response for so many people and especially teenagers.

Parents complain they are tired of the “excuse”. The reason why variations of “It’s not my fault.” are so popular is that it lets us off the hook from guilt and blame. I’m a fan of not owning responsibility for things that I can’t control. Teens who often say “It’s my fault.” when something bad happens tend to be highly self-critical, perfectionistic and more easier to be troubled by anxiety and depression.

While it is important to recognize lack of reason to blame oneself, many teens over-rely on “It’s not my fault.” When trying to get them to take responsibility, parents usually attempt to convince their teens that something is their fault. The approach tends to be ineffective and turn into a power struggle. No one wins. A more effective approach can be to stress significant drawbacks to consistently focusing on removing our responsibility with this phrase.

Overuse of the phrase can result in feelings of lack of ability to control their own lives. This sense has been shown to cause low motivation. Besides creating feelings of lack of ability, overuse of “It’s not my fault.” focuses a teen’s attention on what is done as opposed to what needs to be done.

People may not have caused all their problems but they have to solve them anyway. The example I frequently share with teens is the question of what one will do if he is pushed into a deep lake. One can certainly stay in water, yelling, “It’s not my fault.” However, that won’t get him out of water. He needs to swim to the shore, regardless of the fault.

If you take a proper approach to communicating with your teens, you can help them avoid over-reliance on “It’s not my fault.”

1. What phenomenon is described in Paragraph 1?

A．The teenagers’ dislike for school life.

B．The common trouble faced by teenagers.

C．The reasons for blaming others for accidents.

D．The tendency for people not to be responsible for mess in life.

2. What type of teens tends to suffer great mental pressure according to the text?

A．Those lacking confidence and ambition.

B．Those allowing others to find excuses.

C．Those unable to get along well with others.

D．Those often blaming themselves for some incidents.

3. What’s the author’s attitude to parents’ usual way of guiding children?

A．Supportive.	B．Negative.
C．Ambiguous.	D．Neutral.

4. What lesson is conveyed in the example often shared by the author?

A．We should try to avoid troubling others.

B．We should focus on how to solve problems.

C．We should dare to point out others’ mistakes.

D．We should be self-critical as much as possible.

9 . A 2015 survey found that two out of three U.S. teens owned an iPhone. For this reason, I call them iGen, and as I explain in my new book “iGen: Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids are Growing up Less Rebellious(反叛的), More Tolerant, Less Happy-and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood,”    1    .

What makes iGen different?     2    . They spend so much time on the internet, texting friends and on social media—in the large surveys I analyzed for the book, an average of about six hours per day—that they have less leisure time for everything else.

That includes what was once the favorite activity of most teens:    3    . Whether it’s going to parties, shopping at the mall, watching movies or aimlessly driving around, iGen teens are participating in these social activities at a significantly lower rate than previous generations.

    4    : In the annual Monitoring the Future survey, the percentage of high school seniors who read a nonrequired book or magazine nearly every day dropped from 60 percent in 1980 to only 16 percent in 2015.

This isn’t to say that iGen teens don’t have a lot going for them.     5     . They also seem to have a stronger work ethic and more realistic expectations than millennials(千禧一代) did at the same age.

To be clear, moderate smartphone and social media use—up to an hour a day—is not linked to mental health issues. However, most teens (and adults) are on their phones much more than that.

A．spending most of their free time on screens

B．hanging out with their friends

C．They would rather see their friends in person than communicate with them using their phones

D．Growing up with a smartphone has affected nearly every aspect of their lives

E．They are physically safer and more tolerant than previous generations were

F．They’re the first generation to spend their adolescence with a smartphone

G．In addition, iGen reads books, magazines and newspapers much less than previous generations did as teens

10 . Many people spend more than four hours per day on WeChat, and it is redefining the word “friend.” Does friending someone on social media make him or her your friend in real life?

Robin Dunbar, a professor at Oxford University, found that only 15, of the 150 Facebook friends the average user has, could be counted as actual friends and only five as close friends. WeChat may show a similar pattern.

Those, with whom you attended a course together, applied for the same part-time job, went to a party and intended to cooperate but failed, take up most of your WeChat friends. In chat records, the only message may be a system notice, “You have accepted somebody’s friend request”. Sometimes when seeing some photos shared on “Moments”, you even need several minutes to think about when you became friends. Also, you may be disturbed by mass messages sent from your unfamiliar “friends”, including requests for voting for their children or friends, links from Pinduoduo.com (a Chinese e-commerce platform that allows users to buy items at lower prices if they purchase in groups) and cookie-cutter blessings in holidays.

You would have thought about deleting this type of “friends” and sort out your connections. But actually you did not do that as you were taught that social networking is valuable to one’s success. Besides, it would be really awkward if they found that you have unfriended them already. Then, you keep increasing your “friends” in social media and click “like” on some pictures that you are not really interested. But the fact is that deep emotional connections do not come with the increasing number of your friends in social media.

If the number of your friends reaches 150, maintaining these relationships can be tough to you, and sometimes even will make you anxious. According to Robin Dunbar, 150 is the limit of the number of people with whom one can maintain stable social relationships.

1. What can we learn from Robin Dunbar’s finding in Paragraph 2?

A．A Facebook user has 250 friends on average.

B．Most of the social media friends can be actual friends.

C．Among our social media friends, only a few people matter.

D．Only 15 people of a person’s Facebook friends can be close friends.

2. What does the third paragraph tell us about most of your WeChat friends?

A．You have deep communication with them.

B．You benefit a lot from their mass messages.

C．You just have a nodding acquaintance with them.

D．You become friends with them in important occasions.

3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．We will be anxious if we make friends online.

B．We should avoid making any friends in social media.

C．We should make as many friends as possible in social media.

D．We have difficulty managing relationships with over 150 people.