1 . Over millions of years humans have responded to certain situations without thinking too hard. If our ancestors spotted movement in the nearby forest, they would run first and question later. At the same time, the ability to analyze and to plan is part of what separates us from other animals. The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉)and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah(草原).
Slow thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and less to analysis. In demanding customer-service or public-facing situations, instinct is often a better guide to how to behave.
Instinct can also be improved. Plenty of research has shown that instinct becomes more unerring with experience. In one well-known experiment, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were real or not. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate(深思熟虑)over their decision. Instinct worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.
However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. It is often the only way to get through the day. To take one example, when your inbox floods with new emails at the start of a new day, there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully. Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all. Yet as data explodes, the temptation(诱惑)to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist. Managers often suffer from overthinking, turning a simple problem into a complex one.
When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision maker have real expertise in this area? Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning? Above all, is it worth delaying the decision? Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to a waste of time.
1. What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Accurate. | B.Creative. | C.Controllable. | D.Obvious. |
A.Managers can afford the cost of slow thinking. |
B.Fast thinking can be a boost to work efficiency. |
C.Slow thinking will hold us back in the long run. |
D.Too much data is to blame for wrong decisions. |
A.To explain how instinct works. |
B.To compare instinct and slow thinking. |
C.To highlight the value of instinct in the workplace. |
D.To illustrate the development of different thinking patterns. |
2 . Emma Jones’ three-year-old son, Eric, was sharing a hot dog on the deck overlooking her friend Sarah Roth’s swimming pool. One moment Jones was watching Eric play around with the other children at this
Rawlings stood,
Rawlings who’d taken a CPR course just four months earlier, immediately began rescue breathing. Hanging up the phone, Roth, a former flight attendant who’d accumulated
The
A.encounter | B.gathering | C.union | D.game |
A.trace | B.symptom | C.footprint | D.signal |
A.found | B.reviewed | C.fixed | D.scanned |
A.lying | B.floating | C.sinking | D.diving |
A.initial | B.typical | C.creative | D.effective |
A.rolled | B.knocked | C.checked | D.ran |
A.point | B.edge | C.stage | D.spot |
A.accessible | B.abundant | C.apparent | D.significant |
A.took up | B.took in | C.took place | D.took over |
A.performing | B.working | C.testing | D.stretching |
A.maintained | B.adapted | C.monitored | D.tracked |
A.faded | B.changed | C.returned | D.revealed |
A.pool | B.scene | C.route | D.court |
A.courage | B.kindness | C.persistence | D.decisiveness |
A.actually | B.fairly | C.finally | D.simply |
3 . Jonathan Cranwell sat on hard bench behind the long narrow desk and watched the flies fly lazily in the sun. The drone of the younger boys reading letters and older boys reciting Latin verbs made him sleepy. Jonathan had to force his eyes to stay open. He wanted to learn something new!
He looked up at the schoolmaster’s high desk in the front of the room. The new teacher was from Harvard College. Jonathan’s father had been impressed with him. The boys had already had several other teachers, but none of them seemed to inspire Jonathan. So far, there was nothing to show that this one was special, though he’d only been there two days.
“It’s too hot to sit and memorize lessons,” the schoolmaster said. “We’ll move outdoors for the next part of our lesson.” He led the group of boys into the schoolyard. “You younger boys, dig for grubs and beetles (幼虫和甲虫). Count their feet. See if you can describe their shells (壳).”
Jonathan watched the teacher surrounded by laughing young students. No one had ever used the schoolyard itself for a classroom. “What next?” he thought. Soon he didn’t have time to think about the younger boys, for he was running after butterflies and dragonflies himself.
Jonathan and his friends liked this new way of learning.
“It will be a clear night tonight. Go outside and look at the sky,” said the schoolmaster. “Look at the stars and notice their brightness and the patterns they make. These patterns have names from Greek mythology (神话), names like Orion, Aries, and others. Tomorrow we will learn about the ancient stories on them.”
“How is the new schoolmaster?” asked Jonathan’s father that evening, when Jonathan announced he was going out to look at the sky.
“He’s different from any schoolmaster we’ve had,” Jonathan admitted. “He seems interested in everything around him, and he wants us to be curious too. He even used the schoolyard as a classroom!”
“So Mr. John Adam and his new ways make school useful to you after all,” joked Jonathan’s father.
“I believe he has,” said Jonathan. “I know I won’t forget the lessons he has taught us!”
1. What does the underlined word “drone” in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Boring sounds. | B.Clear talks. | C.Enthusiastic responses. | D.Loud noises. |
A.“Go outside and look at the sky,…” | B.“See if you can describe their shells.” |
C.“It’s too hot to sit and memorize lessons,…” | D.“Tomorrow we will learn about the ancient stories…” |
A.silly | B.confused | C.delighted | D.easygoing |
A.Mr. Cranwell had met the new schoolmaster | B.Jonathan had previously complained about school |
C.Mr. Cranwell was not satisfied with the new ways | D.Jonathan had shown his father his homework |
A.Science is all around us. | B.School provides us with the best education. |
C.Homework is an important part of education. | D.There is more than one way to learn. |
4 . A shortage of semiconductors (半导体) has helped firms such as Nvidia, whose chips (芯片) power everything from video gaming to machine learning and data centres. But boom time for sellers means misery for buyers. Carmakers, whose products have become computers on wheels, are among the victims. Analysts say the industry might build around 5 million fewer cars this year, all for want of the chips. Apple and Microsoft have also warned that they will be affected.
The shortage is the result of a sudden rise in demand. Chipmaking has been enjoying strong growth for decades as computers have stepped into every corner of society. But there was a strong upward trend during the pandemic. Locked-down consumers shopped online, had meetings remotely, and killed time with video-streaming and videogaming.
The crisis has had three consequences, two encouraging and one less so.
The first is an investment boom. Big producers such as Intel, Samsung and TSMC are planning to spend hundreds of billions of dollars on extra capacity (产能) over the next few years. As in many markets, high prices are the best cure for high prices.
The second is that the chip industry’s customers are adapting. too. When demand fell early in the pandemic, carmakers cut their orders with chipmakers. Following Tesla, Volkswagen has announced plans to develop driver-assistance chips in-house.
Unwelcome effect has been a sudden rise of techno-nationalism. America is planning to hand out billions of dollars to attract chipmakers back from East Asia. Europe wants to double its share of global production, to 20%,by 2030. Even Britain has declared the fate of a small chip factory in Wales to be a matter of national security.
Chips have come to occupy what used to be called the “commanding heights” of an economy, in the way that car factories did in the 20th century. But as last century’s governments discovered, subsidies (补贴) lend 10 oversupply. Personally, the chip shortage is mostly a self-solving problem. Governments should resist the temptation to scc themselves as saviours (救星).
1. What is the main cause of the sudden shortage of chips according to the passage?A.Economic crisis | B.The outbreak of the pandemic. |
C.Governments’ control. | D.Great demand in online products. |
A.Hot investment in chips. | B.Carmakers’ adaptation to the market. |
C.Arise of techno-nationalism. | D.Realization of technological globalization. |
A.Markets are the cure for the chip shortage. |
B.Government subsidies will lead to waste. |
C.The government should rescue the market. |
D.Car factories in the 20th century were on the rise. |
A.Chip Shortage—A Self-solving Problem |
B.Techno-nationalism—A War without Smoke |
C.Challenges—Promises of New Opportunities |
D.High Prices—the Best Cure for High Prices |
5 . Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
1. What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club?A.They’re unfair. | B.They’re conservative. |
C.They’re objective. | D.They’re strict. |
A.They think themselves smart. |
B.They look up to great thinkers. |
C.They see gender differences earlier than boys. |
D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs |
A.Improved global communication. |
B.Less discrimination against women. |
C.Acceptance of victors’ concepts. |
D.Changes in people’s social positions. |
A.Geniuses Think Alike | B.Genius Takes Many Forms |
C.Genius and Intelligence | D.Genius and Luck |
1. 提出倡议;
2. 不文明养狗的弊端;
3. 如何文明遛狗。
注意:1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇:狗绳 leash 文明的 civilized 便便 shit
1. What happened to the woman?
A.She lost her luggage |
B.She lost her air tickets |
C.She lost her contact(联系)with her friend |
A.Flight 1489 | B.Flight 4479 | C.Flight 4089 |
A.38725781 | B.37825681 | C.38725871 |
1. How many people visited the park in its first six months?
A.5.6 million. | B.7 million. | C.16 million. |
A.Treasure Cove. | B.Tomorrowland. | C.Toy Story Land. |
A.Mickey Land. | B.Mickey Avenue. | C.Minnie Gardens. |
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Today the number of the netizens in our country have increased rapidly, yet many of them do not pay enough attention to the family. It is no doubt that we benefit much from the Internet. For an example, it’s convenient for us to get the informations we need and communicate with our friends and relatives. Meanwhile, it could help us learn that is happening both at home and abroad. Therefore, no matter how attractive the Internet is, we shouldn’t separated from our loved ones. We should stop surf the Internet and spend time with our families, enjoying the time when you are together.
10 . Recently, many e-commerce platforms, including Didi Taxi, Ctrip, Fliggy, JD ad Taobao, have been uncovered that they are cheating their frequent customers. Their ways are pretty clever. When there are new users or conservative old users, they will give a quite appealing price to attract them into registering and buying goods. However, their big data is not that friendly to the stable users and frequent visitors. The system always offers them higher price for the same products or service. How does this happen? According to the data analysis, the system knows clearly that although they feel the price is high, they will finally pay the bill. By collecting and analyzing users’ profiles, buying habits and other information, big data recommends the same products to different users with different prices.
Companies also try other ways to make money, making online consumption far more worrying. For example, video websites always offer 120 seconds’ advertisements, which drives people crazy. And even if you pay for the membership to get rid of the ads, you have to “enjoy” 15-second “private” ads. By broadcasting them, companies make huge profits — second to the membership fees. Also, owning 100Mbps network, you still put up with the slow speed when you are downloading a song. You have no choice but to become a VIP when you seek high quality services. Users seem to be lambs(羊羔) among wolves. Even though they say, “Since you have money, I’ll charge you more”, we can’t do anything about it.
It pains us that we haven’t figured out a way to deal with the problem. The only thing we can do is replacing our iPhones with Android phones if we want to buy a membership card, and applying for new accounts if we want cheaper hotels. Not finding a way to fight back, we can’t do anything but accept them passively.
1. How does big data serve companies according to the text?A.By being kind to all users. |
B.By giving a discount to stable users. |
C.By attracting new users by analyzing their shopping habits. |
D.By recommending the same products with higher prices to regular users. |
A.Membership can rid you of all the ads. |
B.Only by being a VIP can you get a better service. |
C.The slow download speed is due to your poor network. |
D.Advertising income is the biggest income for video websites. |
A.Uncertain. | B.Casual. |
C.Negative. | D.Positive. |
A.The big data provides helpful information to users. |
B.We have to accept online consumption as it is. |
C.There exist many online consumption traps. |
D.Regular customers are richer. |