1 . The Global Food Donation Policy Atlas has issued a recent report in order to recommend ways to increase food donations, reduce food waste, and fight hunger, which may help Kenyan leaders meet 2030 food waste reduction goals.
Food donation can reroute eatable food—that would otherwise give off greenhouse gasses in a landfill—to those experiencing hunger. According to the Famine Early Warning Systems Network, 3.5 million Kenyans, roughly 37 percent of the population, face severe hunger. At the same time, the Policy Atlas reports roughly 40 percent of food produced within Kenya goes to waste. But Broad Leib, Deputy Director of Harvard Law School Food Law and Policy Clinic (FLPC), sees some promising changes. “While progress is not happening as quickly as needed, Kenya’s food loss index has been steadily reduced from 1,744 metric tons in 2017, to 1,531 in 2018, to 1,446 metric tons in 2019, indicating a steady improvement and national commitment to food loss reduction,” reports Broad Leib.
According to the Policy Atlas, motivating food donation with rewards is particularly important, which helps food donors and food recovery organizations make up for costs necessary for recovery, storing, processing, and transporting food for donation.
“A major driver of food waste is inconsistent or unclear date labels that cause confusion among all actors along the value chain and limit the ability of businesses to donate food. This increases the likelihood that much safe food will go to waste,” Broad Leib tells Food Tank. However, he acknowledges Kenya’s current dual (双的) date labeling laws. While food may lose its freshness over time, it is still eatable before expiration (到期). Dual date labeling on packaged foods reduces bewilderment by defining dates for both safety and quality. This helps reduce considerable waste and responsibility for donors.
Broad Leib believes that the private sector can also play a significant role in decreasing food waste in Kenya. It is vital for consumer education campaigns. FLPC’s research shows that public-private initiatives can help raise awareness among consumers and donors around issues of food waste and food donation.
1. What changes does Broad Leib see?| A．People in Kenya no longer suffer hunger. |
| B．Kenya has gradually reduced its food waste. |
| C．Kenya is not committed to reducing food loss. |
| D．Progress in reducing food waste is happening quickly. |
| A．Sadness. | B．Convenience. | C．Confusion. | D．Emotion. |
| A．By increasing storehouses. |
| B．By fighting hunger with rewards. |
| C．By reducing food produced within the country. |
| D．By using double date labeling on packaged food. |
| A．Consumer education campaigns are the most important. |
| B．Only the private sector is helpful in reducing food waste. |
| C．Private and public joint efforts matter around food issues. |
| D．Broad Leib doesn’t agree with FLPC on food waste reduction. |
2 . Binge-watching (刷剧) is when a person watches more than one episode of a show in a row. With developments in the speed and connectivity of the Internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favorite shows stream (流播) directly to their television at their convenience.
This behavior is nothing new. In fact, binge-watching has been officially listed in dictionaries since 2015. The entertainment companies recognize this behavior and many take steps to encourage it. Often, instead of releasing each episode on a week-by-week basis, an entire series will become available concurrently. Once the episode finishes, many platforms will display pop-ups with “you might like” suggestions, or will automatically play the next episode.
However, recent research suggests that out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to-back (一集接一集地), almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and 25% have neglected their household chores (家务活). Next we’ll be missing work!
Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking. All of them are often associated with a lack of control and a possible route to addiction. Lindsey Fussell, consumer group director, said, “The days of waiting a week for the next episode are largely gone, with people finding it hard to resist (抗拒) watching multiple episodes around the house or on the move.” If people find binge-watching hard to resist, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction?
The countless number of information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. However, when the activity begins to bleed into other areas, causing us to stop functioning, then it becomes a problem. So, what’s the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, “A little of what you fancy does you good.”
1. How did the writer develop the first paragraph?| A．By giving a definition. | B．By telling a story. |
| C．By listing some examples. | D．By analyzing the cause and effect. |
| A．For convenience. | B．At the same time. |
| C．In detail. | D．Free of charge. |
| A．people can’t control their feelings | B．people can’t resist the temptation of Bingeing |
| C．people have no patience to do work | D．people are addicted to waiting for a new episode |
| A．To keep online media from stopping functioning. |
| B．To enjoy entertainment as much as possible. |
| C．To learn life lessons from the episodes. |
| D．To watch episodes in a moderate way. |
3 . One form of social prejudice against older people is the belief that they cannot understand or use modern technology.
Nowadays older people have more control over their lives and they play a full part in society. Moreover, better health care has left more people in their sixties and seventies feeling fit and active after retirement.
When personal computers were first introduced, most older people didn't believe they would ever familiarize themselves with it. Now computers have been around for a few generations and retired people have gradually become more relaxed about using them for fun.
Some people argue that “grey gamers” simply don't have the skills required for computer games, and that teenagers are better.
| A．This is where I don’t agree |
| B．This couldn't be further from the truth. |
| C．Gamers over 65 prefer playing puzzle games and card games. |
| D．Mental activity, as well as physical exercise, can contribute to better health. |
| E．This prejudice is based on the following research conducted by some psychologists in Chicago University. |
| F．Activities like playing computer games, going on the Net and downloading MP3s are only for the youngsters. |
| G．Another development that has favored “grey gamers” is a change in the type of videogames available on the market. |
4 . Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
1. What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club?| A．They’re unfair. | B．They’re conservative. |
| C．They’re objective. | D．They’re strict. |
| A．They think themselves smart. |
| B．They look up to great thinkers. |
| C．They see gender differences earlier than boys. |
| D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs |
| A．Improved global communication. |
| B．Less discrimination against women. |
| C．Acceptance of victors’ concepts. |
| D．Changes in people’s social positions. |
| A．Geniuses Think Alike | B．Genius Takes Many Forms |
| C．Genius and Intelligence | D．Genius and Luck |
The term “helicopter（直升机） parents” is a description of parents who are hovering(盘旋) over their children in a state of extreme concern. They always show up to solve their children’s problems, protect them from real or imagined harm, resolve stressful situations, offer advice and get them out of trouble, even if they behave wrongly. Although out of love and concern, it can have harmful effects on their children’s emotional development and future independence.
Children learn through their mistakes. But if you intervene(干涉，介入) at first sign of struggle and finish your child’s homework, he’ll miss out on valuable learning opportunities.
You’re sending him the message that he needs to be perfect and failure is not an option; otherwise you wouldn’t always take over from him.
By constantly rescuing your child from stressful situations, you’re sending him a message that you don’t believe he’s able to take care of himself. Children develop self-esteem(自尊) by learning how to complete challenges on their own. If you are always intervening, he will miss this vital stage in his growth. As a result, your child may lack the confidence necessary to do well in school, pursuing hobbies and interests, and developing friendships.
If you’re always taking care of everything for your child, it’ll be more difficult for him to become independent. As an adult, he might find it hard to take care of himself, because he has never developed coping skills to deal with life’s challenges. He might suffer from irrational(不理智的) fears, anxiety and depression, which could lead him to drop out of college or frequently change jobs, according to Dr Michele Borba. Instead of developing healthy relationships, he might seek a partner who will take care of or control him, as his parents did.
You can help your child become more independent by allowing him to complete tasks and challenges on his own without your intervention. Even if he fails at first, don’t interfere(干涉，干预) — encourage him to start again. Show that you have faith in his abilities to succeed without your help. Allow him to learn natural consequences（后果）. Even small things can help him become more independent— making his own bed, preparing his own lunch, shopping for his own clothes and doing homework without your help.
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6 . Imagine you’re standing in line to buy an after-school snack at a store. You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food. Next, you have to pay. But instead of scanning a QR code (二维码) with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your ear.
Now, this type of technology might not be far away. As technology companies move away from the traditional password, biometric(生物识别的) security, which includes fingerprint, face and voice ID, is becoming increasingly popular.
In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner. Since then, using one’s fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives. And since last year, Samsung has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smartphones, while Apple’s new iPhone X can even scan a user’s face. But despite its popularity, experts warn that biometrics might not be as secure as we’d imagined. “Biometrics are ideally good, but in practice, not so much” said John Michener, a biometrics expert.
When introducing the new iPhone’s Face ID feature, Phil Schiller, Apple’s senior vice president, said, “The chance that a random person in the population could look at your iPhone X and unlock it with their face is about one in a million.” But it’s already been done. In a video posted on community website Reddi, two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face. And they aren’t even twins.
“We may expect too much from biometrics,” Anil Jain, a computer science professor at Michigan State University, told CBS News. “No security systems are perfect.”
Earlier this year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security. Using a printed copy of a thumbprint, she was able to unlock a dead person’s smartphone for police, according to tech website Splinter. “It’s good to see biometrics being used more,” Jain told CBS News, “because it adds another factors for security. But using multiple security measures is the best defense.”
1. What is the latest technology to unlock a smartphone according to the article?| A．QR code scanning. | B．Face scanning. | C．Fingerprint scanning. | D．Eye scanning. |
| A．It takes too long to unlock the phone. |
| B．It often fails to recognize its owner’s face. |
| C．Face data could be used for other purposes. |
| D．Different faces could be used to unlock the same phone. |
| A．It’s as secure as traditional measures. |
| B．It has caused much trouble for police. |
| C．It should be used with other security measures. |
| D．It is perfect without any room for improvement. |
| A．describe the popularity of biometrics |
| B．show how biometrics has changed our lives |
| C．point out various problems with biometrics |
| D．discuss the security problems of biometrics |
7 . Italy and China has agreed to jointly advance the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) (一带一路), which aims to build a trade and infrastructure network to connect Asia with Europe and Africa along ancient trade routes. Italy will use this opportunity to cooperate with China to develop its northern ports and the InvestItalia program, and promote cooperation in all fields.
Despite some skepticism, the BRI has developed into one of the world’s largest cooperation platforms and become a hot public good. More than 120 countries and 29 international organizations have signed agreements with China up to date, bringing all sorts of development opportunities to parties of the BRI, including the construction of Kenya’s first high-speed expressway, the first cross-sea bridge in the Maldives, and the formation of the car industry in Belarus.
The inclusion of Italy into the BRI makes Italy the first G7 country to formally join the Initiative, and sets a new milestone in the process of building the Belt and Road.
What makes the BRI unique is that it is an initiative for win-win cooperation rather than zero-sum competition. As everyone knows, the BRI has its origin in the ancient Silk Road trade route that linked China with many places in the world, including the Italian cities of Rome and Venice. Italy is a natural fit for the ambitious project because of its historical connections with China, and also because of the need to be open rather than closed, to cooperate rather than confront. In this fast-changing world, seeking win-win progress is the best path forward for all countries.
In China, it is said that without a big breakthrough in thinking, there will be no big leap in practice; and without a big leap in practice, there will be no great development. A number of Chinese ideas and initiatives have been formed with the goal of building a community of common destiny in mind. Under the BRI, we can expect China to deepen policy coordination, facilities connectivity, free trade, financial integration, and people-to-people bonds.
The revival of China as a great power is a blessing to the world, contributing to the building of a better world.
1. How does the author develop the second paragraph?| A．By giving examples. | B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By reasoning and analyzing. | D．By describing important events. |
| A．China has become a superpower. |
| B．China puts others’ interests before its own. |
| C．China has been seeking development for all. |
| D．China is well-known for its traditional ideas. |
| A．Only one participant will win. |
| B．None of the participants will win. |
| C．All participants will gain something. |
| D．Some participants will win at the cost of others. |
| A．The revival of China as a great power |
| B．Construction along ancient trade routes |
| C．A milestone in building BRI has beenset |
| D．Italy and China reached an agreement on BRI |
Is early childhood education really necessary? Early childhood education mainly focuses on learning through playing to develop the child’s physical, sensory (感官的), communicational and social development. Early childhood education has become a concern of the government, who pushes poor children to be formally trained before they are old enough for kindergarten.
There are good reasons for the government to push early childhood education. Studies have shown that orphans (孤儿) who did not receive good care and education become developmentally delayed, causing failure in school, and even in life. Further studies show that poor children who take part in Head Start programs are more prepared for school, less likely to end up in Special Education classes, and are less likely to receive public help or go to prison.
There are also negative parts to putting a child in formal education programs too early. Time Magazine online explains that “the younger the child, the less his chances of catching up with first-grade work.” I have personally seen many children of my generation who went to Head Start programs become discouraged and bored with school before they finished high school. Yet parents have been sure that the earlier the child starts school, the better he or she is, so they push to start children earlier.
Actually while early formal education of poor children does show great gains in the early elementary years, studies also show that this head start is really a “false start”, as the gains are lost in middle and high school years. It seems that environment is a bigger factor (因素) on life’s success than early education. Head Start programs have not achieved its original goal in closing the achievement gap (差距) in poor and middle school children. Perhaps it is time to find other ways to close that gap.
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9 . Although problems are a part of our lives, it certainly doesn't mean that we let them rule our lives forever. One day or another, you'll have to stand up and say—problems, I don't want you in my life.
But good news is that all problems can be dealt with. Now read on to know how to solve your problems.
Talk, it really helps. What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help.
Write your problems.
Don't lose faith and hope. No matter what you lose in life, don't lose faith and hope. Even if you lose all your money, family…you should still have faith.
Your problems aren't the worst. No matter what problem you get in life, there are another one million people whose problems are huger than yours.
Go about and solve your problems because every problem, however big or small, always has a way out.
| A．Of course, we've been fighting troubles ever since we were born. |
| B．When we have a problem, a pressing, critical, urgent, life-threatening problem, how do we try and solve it？ |
| C．Having a personal diary can also be of huge help if you don't want a real person to talk with. |
| D．But the truth is that when you talk about it, you're setting free the negative energies that have been gathering within you. |
| E．We can often overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack. |
| F．Tell yourself：when they can deal with them, why can't I？ |
| G．With faith and hope, you can rebuild everything that you lose. |
10 . Ready to take a gap year？ A "Gap Year" is a period of time when a student takes a break before going to university. It is often spent travelling or working．
Gap years are popular with European and Australian students, but remain less popular in America. However, in recent years, more and more American students are preparing for college by taking a gap year. The advantages of taking a gap year are as follows：
Although you don't have to go abroad to experience gap years, most gap year students catch the chance to travel abroad. You are able to work out who you are and what you are for. The experiences of different cultures offer you interesting lessons. You can learn more about the world and get to know yourself better．
Face challenges and have fun
A gap year is not only a time to take a vacation, but also a time to face challenges. Gap year students usually work, volunteer or take service projects. You have to learn how to get along in the real world. This process isn't always easy, but it is an important part of growing up．
Save money and improve your college admission chances
There's a common thought that gap years are only for rich students, but it's not true. Actually, taking a gap year can save your money. Gap year students often take a part-time job. Besides, at the end of a gap year, students are much more likely to know what to study in college.
| A．Learn about the world and yourself |
| B．Only in this way can you enjoy life and have fun． |
| C．Check out your gap year choices before making the right decision． |
| D．It can give young people useful learning experiences and new skills． |
| E．Imagine an admission officer trying to admit only one between two students． |
| F．More students than ever before are taking a gap year before going to university． |
| G．Clear learning goals can keep the students working hard instead of wasting time and money playing． |
