4 . A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man — the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as farmer or laborer of some sort.

This attitude toward manual (体力的) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously (豪华地) furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward; furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily got from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A professional man may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.

1. What can we infer from Paragraph 1?

A．In America, people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made man.

B．In America, people can always rise to the top through their own efforts.

C．In America, college professors win great respect from common workers.

D．In America, people feel painful to mention their fathers as labors.

2. Why does the hostess mentioned in the passage cook dinner herself?

A．Because servants in America are hard to get.

B．Because she takes pride in what she can do herself.

C．Because she can hardly afford servants.

D．Because it is easy to prepare a meal with canned food.

3. What does the underlined phrase “wait on table” in the second paragraph mean?

A．Work in a furniture shop.	B．Keep accounts for a bar.
C．Wait to lay the table.	D．Serve customers in a restaurant.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．A respectable self-made family.

B．American attitude toward manual labor.

C．Characteristics of American culture

D．The development of manual labor.

5 . In order to know a foreign language entirely，four things are necessary. Firstly, we must hear it spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves correctly, with confidence and without hesitation(踌躇). Thirdly, we must be able to read the language， and fourthly, we must know how to arrange(整理; 分类) sentences in paragraphs，so as to write a good composition.

There is no easy way to succeed in language learning. A good memory is a great help, but it is not enough simply to learn rules by heart from a grammar book. It is no use learning by heart long lists of words and their meanings. We must learn words not by themselves, but in sentences. We must learn by using the language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of advice for those who are studying a new language. Practice is very important. We must practice speaking and writing the language whenever we can.

1. The first step in learning a language is .

A．listening

B．speaking

C．writing

D．reading

2. The writer advises us to      .

A．use a dictionary

B．read more

C．speak more

D．speak and write more

3. Words should be learned in a       .

A．dictionary

B．textbook

C．sentence

D．good grammar book

6 . Accidents happen almost daily. Some accidents are minor and some are serious but others may be fatal. We read about such accidents nearly every day in the newspapers. It is wrong for people to think that accidents occur only on the roads or highways, or even at worksites. Home accidents are just as common. Because very few home accidents are reported, people tend to think that there are few accidents which happen in homes.

There have been many cases where people fall to their deaths from high-rise flats. Children often fall from staircases while coming down the stairs. Old people may slip on wet or slippery floors if they are not careful.

Nowadays there are a lot of modern electrical appliances such as rice-cookers, electric irons, and kettles which make life easy for the modern housewives. These appliances can kill if they are not used in the proper way.

Gas stoves used for cooking are also dangerous if they are not properly handled. They may cause burns or, in more serious cases, they may even cause fires.

But all such accidents can be prevented if we are careful and obey simple rules of safety. For example, it is unwise for people to try repairing their own electrical appliances if they do not know how. It is safer for them to get their faulty appliances repaired by a qualified electrician.

1. Accidents take place_______.

A．mostly in homes	B．mostly on roads and highways
C．mostly on worksites and factories	D．almost everywhere

2. People think accidents happen only on the roads or highways because ______.

A．there are more road accidents

B．many home accidents are not reported in newspapers

C．home accidents are not serious

D．such accidents happen nearly every day

3. Which of the following accidents may NOT happen in homes?

A．People may fall to deaths from high buildings.

B．People may be knocked down by cars on the roads.

C．Gas stoves may cause burns or even fires.

D．People may get a shock from an electrical appliance

4. Which of the following is true about the modern electrical appliances?

A．They help modern housewives a lot.

B．They are very dangerous and should not be used.

C．They are usually safe unless they are used carefully.

D．They are not dangerous even if they are used carelessly.

5. People are advised________.

A．to avoid using electrical appliances

B．to repair their own faulty electrical appliances

C．not to repair their own faulty electrical appliances

D．not to throw away their faulty electrical appliances

7 . A study involving 8,500 teenagers from all social backgrounds found that most of them are ignorant when it comes to money. The findings, the first in a series of reports from NatWest that has started a five-year researeh project into teenagers and money, are particularly worrying as this generation of young people is likely to be burdened with greater debts man any before.
University tuition fees (学费) are currently capped at £3,000 annually, but this will be reviewed next year and the Government is under enormous pressure to raise the ceiling.
In the researeh, the teenagers were presented with die terms of four different loans but 76 per cent failed to identify the cheapest. The young people also predicted that they would be earning on average £ 31.000 by the age of 25, although the average salary for those aged 22 to 29 is just £ 17,815. The teenagers expected to be in debt when they finished university or training, although half said that they assumed the debts would be less than £ 10.000. Average debts for graduates are £ 12，363.
Stephen Moir, head of community investment at the Royal Bank of Scotland Group which owns NatWest, said. "The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively."
Ministers are deeply concerned about the financial pressures on teenagers and young people because of student loans and rising housing costs. They have just introduced new lessons in how to manage debts. Nikki Fairweathcr. aged 15. from St Helens, said that she had benefited from lessons on personal finance, but admitted that she still had a lot to learn about money.
1. Which of the following can be found from the five-year researeh project?

A．Students understand personal finances differently.

B．University tuition fees in England have been rising.

C．Teenagers tend to overestimate their future earnings.

D．The students' payback ability has become a major issue.

2. The phrase "to raise the ceiling" in paragraph 2 probably means "______".

A．to raise the student loans	B．to improve the school facilities
C．to increase the upper limit of the tuition	D．to lift the school building roofs

3. According to Stephen Moir, students_______.

A．are too young 10 be exposed 10 financial issues

B．should learn 10 manage their finances wellC- should maintain a positive attitude when facing loans

C．benefit a lot from lessons on personal finance

4. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Many British teenagers do not know money matters well

B．Teenagers in Britain are heavily burdened with debts.

C．Financial planning is a required course at college.

D．Young people should become responsible adults.

8 . Celebrity(名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption(消费) on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.
However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial(最初的) attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty(忠诚) returning to tried-and-true labels.
Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion—like celebrity—has always been temporary.
1. Fashion magazines today        .

A．seldom put models on the cover

B．no longer put models on the cover

C．need not worry about celebrities’ market potential

D．judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly

2. A change in the consumer market can be found today that        .

A．price rather than brand name is more concerned

B．producers prefer models to celebrities for advertisements

C．producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisements

D．quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned

3. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any wrong step will possibly        .

A．decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his products

B．damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general public

C．cut short the artistic career of a celebrity in show business

D．influence the price of a celebrity’s products

4. The passage is mainly about        .

A．celebrity and personal style	B．celebrity and market potential
C．celebrity and fashion design	D．celebrity and clothing industry