1 . More often than not, people look at the phone screen to check for new messages or have a quick look a Meta. Researchers have now found why we often feel such a strong need to look at our phones. Using the mobile phone, according to them, is contagious (有传染性的).
The team said people were twice more likely to pull out their phones to check their text messages or e-mails if they were with someone who had just done the same. They also found that women were more likely to use their mobile phones than men. The team watched students in dining halls and coffee shops around the college, observing pairs of college students sitting at the tables for as long as 20 minutes and recording their cellphone use. “What we found most interesting was just how often people were using their mobile phones.” said Dr. Daniel Kruger, the study’s co-author. “Every person we studied used his or her phone at least once,while one woman was on hers about half of the time. People saw others checking their incoming messages and began to check their own.”
“Cellphones create another choice for one’s attention and may both support and disagree with live social activities,” the researchers wrote. Kruger believed this could be explained by the effects of social inclusion and exclusion. If one person in a pair starts a conversation through his phone, the other one may feel excluded and then feel the need to get in touch with others so as not to feel left out. The researchers noted that they might not get the same result in a study of different people for example, older adults might not have a habit of using cellphones so often.
1. What can we learn from the study?| A．People can affect each other by using mobile phones. |
| B．Using mobile phones has nothing to do with social activities. |
| C．Men are more likely to be affected by others’ using mobile phones. |
| D．The sound of mobile phones makes using mobile phones contagious. |
| A．will find that older adults don’t like to use mobile phones |
| B．will find that mobile phones are harmful to health |
| C．will no longer like using mobile phones |
| D．may reach a different conclusion |
| A．Supportive. | B．Objective. | C．Indifferent. | D．Opposed. |
| A．How to Use Mobile Phones Correctly |
| B．Why College Students Like Mobile Phones? |
| C．The Relation Between Mobile Phones and People’s Hobbies |
| D．Something Interesting About the Habit of Using Mobile Phones |
2 . We all may know someone we consider to be a picky eater, who tends to dislike some common food regularly and causes social embarrassment when ordering at restaurants. But for some people picky eating can actually become a serious disorder, and clinical definitions of picky eating behaviors often include people who only consume around 20 different kinds of foods for a long period of time.
“Having restricted diets can lead to nutritional deficiencies (缺陷) as well as health problems like heart disease, poor bone health and dental issues,” explained Lorenzo Stafford, one of the authors on the latest study. “There is also a social cost because normally enjoyable moments between family members can easily turn into stressful, anxious, and conflict-causing situations when picky eaters feel ashamed or pressured to eat certain food.”
A new research homed in on the effect of plate color on food desirability for picky eaters. The experiment was based on a foundational study from 2018 which looked at the way different colored food bowls affected a person’s sense of taste.
Using a design similar to the 2018 research, the new experiments had participants rate the sweetness, saltiness and overall desirability of a snack food eaten from different colored bowls. In this instance the snack was salt and vinegar potato crisps consumed from either a red, blue or white bowl. Around 50 participants were recruited (招募) and classified as either picky or non-picky eaters based on a standard questionnaire.
The results revealed picky eaters considered the snack to be saltier when it was eaten from a red or blue bowl compared to the white bowl. And overall, picky eaters found the snack generally less desirable when eaten from a red bowl.
It is worth mentioning that a recent survey estimated nearly one in five American adults could be clinically classified as picky eaters. So exploring ways to help these people better engage with more types of food could result in valuable health outcomes.
1. Which of the following may be a picky eater?| A．Tom who ate only some bread this morning. | B．Lisa who only has vegetables for losing weight. |
| C．Peter who often orders little at restaurants. | D．Alex who likes only a small range of dishes. |
| A．Health problems caused by picky eating. |
| B．Moments that are ruined by picky eaters. |
| C．Potential consequences of picky eating. |
| D．Quotes of Lorenzo to support the research findings. |
| A．Bowls of different colors directly affect appetite of eaters. |
| B．Blue color bowls can make the food in them saltier for eaters. |
| C．Food in red bowls seems less attractive to picky eaters. |
| D．The color of the bowl can change the taste of the dishes. |
| A．To show ways of enhancing people’s appetite effectively. |
| B．To stress the importance of reducing picky eaters’ anxiety and stress. |
| C．To encourage us to raise picky eaters’ awareness of healthy eating. |
| D．To call on researchers to help picky eaters try a wider variety of foods. |
3 . Kansas City Girls Academy has a program for girls struggling in life. It is designed to help girls build inner strength to overcome challenges. If your girls have emotional difficulties or failing in school, this program is designed just for them.
Group Treatment. It is made up of several small groups weekly, led by our counselors (顾问) and staff. These include problem-solving, positive friend relationship, emotional management and special group designed for special treatment needs. All group processes develop emotional growth in a safe and confidential (机密的) setting.
Individual Treatment. It is provided to each student with a minimum of one part every other week. The parts help students gain insights into their individual behaviors and establish a trusting relationship with their counselor. In this setting, students process issues that are too sensitive for them to share with a group.
Family Treatment. It is provided by a weekly telephone meeting. Parents give treatment as an necessary part of the program. Kansas City Girls Academy encourages families to visit during planned family weekends. Family and students meet with their counselor for treatment. Parents and children also participate in parent support groups, parent-teacher meetings, workshops, and graduation ceremonies (典礼).
Horse Treatment. In partnership with Returning Glory, we offer each girl horse treatment. Horses are powerful and effective in helping people, whether child, youth or adult. They have much to teach us about our patterns of behavior, communication, and relationships. Horses are excellent “teachers,” coupled with trained teachers. Interacting with horses can often provide invaluable assistance in addressing challenging life issues in a fun, non-threatening learning environment.
1. Which treatment can have an emotional growth effect?| A．Individual Treatment. | B．Family Treatment. |
| C．Horse Treatment. | D．Group Treatment. |
| A．By holding a weekly telephone meeting. | B．By holding a daily telephone meeting. |
| C．By giving a weekly interview. | D．By giving a daily interview. |
| A．Nurses. | B．Doctors. | C．Schoolgirls. | D．Parents. |
4 . Five misunderstandings about loneliness
At some point in our lives, the chances are that you and I will feel lonely. It’s a problem that’s getting a lot of attention. It’s an important topic and one that causes a lot of misery, but there are plenty of misunderstandings surrounding it.
Feeling lonely is not the same as being alone. Loneliness is a sense that no one around you really understands you and that you don’t have the kind of meaningful connections you would like. Sometimes we want to be alone. But if we don’t have the choice to spend time with people who understand us, that’s when loneliness strikes.
There’s an epidemic(流行) of loneliness at the moment.
Loneliness is undoubtedly getting more common.
Loneliness is always bad.
Loneliness hurts. But it shouldn’t be seen as entirely negative.
Loneliness leads to ill health.
Most older people are lonely.
Loneliness is more common in old age than in other adults, but in her review of loneliness across the lifespan, Pamela Qualter found there is also a peak in teenage years.
| A．Loneliness can be horrible. |
| B．Loneliness is all about isolation(孤立). |
| C．Instead, it can be the signal to us to look for new friends. |
| D．Generally speaking, it’s harder for old people to overcome loneliness. |
| E．But that doesn’t mean that a higher percentage of people feel lonely now. |
| F．It is possible that unhappily isolated people are more likely to become ill. |
| G．Meanwhile, studies show that 50-60% of older people are not often lonely. |
5 . A survey found that children would rather be YouTubers than astronauts. But it’s not surprising that young people — up to 1.3 million in the UK — want to make money by creating social media content.
The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are attractive, but is being an influencer a successful career path? Underneath the shiny surface lie pay inequality and mental health issues. Successful influencers will be the first to claim that anyone can make it in the industry. But in reality, it’s far from the truth. Social media economy expert Brooke Erin Duffy says that for most people who are trying to become an influencer, their passion will often become free work for their companies.
Influencers are also often at the mercy of algorithms (演算法) — the behind-the-scenes computer programs that determine which posts are shown, in which order, to users. Platforms share little detail about their algorithms, yet they finally determine who and what gains attention and influence online, which are most valued by the influencers.
Constant online presence finally leads to one of the most widespread issues of the influencer industry: Mental health concerns. Influencers can connect to their platform workspaces and audience at any time of day or night — for many, there is no longer a clear separation between work and life. Coupled with the fear of losing attention, this can lead to influencers’ overwork and mental health issues.
Online visibility (关注度) also places content creators at risk of significant online abuse (恶语) — not only in relation to how they look or what they do (or don’t post), but also negative viewpoint of influencing as a career. The potential of online abuse can lead to mental and physical health issues, including depression, anxiety, and eating disorders.
Although becoming an influencer may look attractive to more and more people, the industry’s dark underside still needs to be improved through some rules and regulations in this industry.
1. What can we learn from Brooke Erin Duffy’s words?| A．To tell people of the profit of social media. |
| B．To stress that becoming an influencer is not easy. |
| C．To prove the benefits of being a successful influencer. |
| D．To show the relation between content creation and free work. |
| A．Attention and influence. | B．Social media platforms. |
| C．Detail about algorithms. | D．Computer programs. |
| A．Their career viewpoint and eating disorders. |
| B．Their clear separation between work and life. |
| C．Their fear of losing visibility and online abuse. |
| D．Their connection to platform workspaces and audience. |
| A．Positive. | B．Objective. | C．Unconcerned. | D．Hopeful. |
6 . The first appointment this month was for high fever, the second for red eyes and now your child has a cough. With limited time off at your job, there’s no way you are taking him to the clinic again this month. You decide Dr. Google will work as you enter symptom into your search box. You’re not alone!
While online self-diagnosis (自我诊断) resources seem like savers in our moments of confusing illness, healthcare professionals see dangers in this practice.
For some, it’s a simple math equation: Symptoms + Internet search = You’re probably dying. “People read about the worst possible situation on Google when they look up their symptoms. This can contribute to great stress,” says Dana Corriel, a Primary Care Physician at Highland Medical. “It’s human nature to worry about the worst possible outcomes.”
Besides, Corriel warns of health blogs written by people unqualified to be giving advice. “Often, the information is too general,” Corriel explains. “Each person has a different family history, different risk factors and a varying social history, all of which contribute to the decision-making process a physician goes through when deciding on a proper diagnosis.”
“While an inaccurate diagnosis can be stressful, the greater risk is that patients take the next step in attempting to treat,” says Nicole Prause, a psychologist and researcher at Liberos. “This can lead to unjustified expense at the least and dangerous effects at worst.” Prause also sees the financial burden of unnecessary testing with the amount at 20- and 30-year-olds now requesting MRIs because they have headaches. The undue stress damages your emotional well-being, and it’s expensive for the patient, the insurance company and the medical provider.
Even after understanding the dangers of self-diagnosis, you can’t get past the convenience of using the Internet. It’s important to know that doctors do not intend to prohibit their patients from playing an active role in healthcare. The key is to be careful of the risks, involved with self-diagnosis and to be able to identify sources of information with an attitude of doubt.
1. How does the author introduce the topic of the text?| A．By describing his own experience. |
| B．By presenting problems existing in our life. |
| C．By imagining a possible situation. |
| D．By offering a definition of online self-diagnosis. |
| A．It is extremely convenient. |
| B．It can bring great stress and anxiety. |
| C．It may fail to get a general diagnosis. |
| D．It helps to diagnose confusing illnesses. |
| A．Having a critical eye. |
| B．Discussing with other patients. |
| C．Turning to reliable websites. |
| D．Getting some medical knowledge. |
| A．How to find a doctor online. |
| B．Dangers on online self-diagnosis. |
| C．Necessity for self-diagnosis. |
| D．Ways to seek self-diagnosis online. |
7 . A new analysis of photographs from the International Space Station has identified a shift in the kind of lighting technologies that European countries are using at night to brighten streets and buildings. Researchers have found that the old warm high-pressure street lights are rapidly being replaced by cooler LED lights. The University of Exeter study claimed that “this phenomenon is widely increasing the risk of harmful effects to ecosystems”.
LED lighting was promoted as being intended to reduce emissions, but its usage has raised energy consumption. One explanation of this is that the increase in power efficiency and the associated decrease in economic cost have driven increased demand for lighting, therefore, any efficiency gains have been balanced out by increased consumption of light.
The study also claimed that previous research into the effects of light pollution have underestimated the impacts of blue light radiation. Chief among the health consequences of blue light is its ability to reduce the production of melatonin (褪黑素) that regulates sleep patterns in humans and other organisms. Scientific studies have warned that increased exposure to artificial blue light can worsen people’s sleeping habits.
The increase in blue light radiation in Europe has also reduced the visibility of stars in the night sky, which may have impacts on people’s sense of nature. Blue light can also alter the behavioral patterns of animals including bats and moths, as it can change their movements towards or away from light sources.
David Smith, of the conservation charity Buglife, said, “Light pollution can dramatically impact animals. We should consider light from a wider biological perspective than that of just humans and focus on better quality lighting that is harmonious with our natural world. Better quality and lower levels of lighting would help save energy, and lower financial costs, while also making our environment safer for living beings. Authorities can dim (使昏暗) the lights during night hours, and change the bandwidths (带宽值) of their LED bulbs to produce less harmful blue light.”
1. What is the phenomenon described in Paragraph 1?| A．The increasing use of LED lights. |
| B．The rising demand for public lighting. |
| C．Old street lights producing lots of emissions. |
| D．Artificial lights at night wasting much energy. |
| A．Eyesight. | B．Social behaviors. |
| C．Learning ability. | D．Sleep patterns. |
| A．improve. | B．change. |
| C．form. | D．consume. |
| A．To stress the importance of saving energy. |
| B．To persuade authorities to avoid using LED lights. |
| C．To provide suggestions on reducing light pollution. |
| D．To show ways of improving the quality of LED bulbs. |
1. 简述做低头族的危害；
2. 拒做低头族的倡议。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。
Refuse to be phubbers
With the rapid development of the Internet and the wide use of cellphones, phubbers can be seen here and there.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9 . Jamie Goldfarb had finished reading the last bedtime book to her three-year-old son, Kai, when he told her he was hungry. The mum usually complied with such requests since Kai had difficulty feeding as a baby. But this time, as she headed downstairs to fetch a banana, she heard him murmur, “Now that’s how you get a fourth book.”
Goldfarb was astonished that her sweet child would tell her a lie, but experts would say that Kai was engaging in complicated cognitive reasoning (认知推理) in his successful attempt for extra storytime. And according to researchers, lying provides a rich workout for developing brains.
Though experts agree that there’s no particular area in the brain leading to telling lies, certain regions of the brain are engaged during the construction of a lie. The brain must also juggle (兼顾) emotions, memories, and knowledge about another person, as well as think about alternative paths the lie could take. “It’s really a whole network of complex interactions (互动),” says US psychologist Immordino-Yang. And that’s why the ability to lie develops over time, as a young brain develops.
Starting around two years old, a child is probably going to tell his first lie to keep from getting in trouble — and he probably won’t be very good at it. Older preschool-age children tend to try to lie as a way to make themselves look better. “They may claim they did something that they didn’t do because they want to get praise, or they exaggerate (夸张) because they want the parent to think, ‘Oh wow, you’re amazing,’” says Victoria Talwar, author of the book The Truth About Lying. As children enter elementary school, their more-developed brains can craft more complex lies.
Parents might feel disappointed when they catch their children being untruthful, but experts advise avoiding shaming them — or calling them liars. “That won’t necessarily promote the behaviour you want,” Talwar says. Instead, she suggests parents focus on the behaviour they’d like a child to exhibit and use language that encourages truth-telling. When the lie is more involved, experts recommend having a direct conversation about it.
1. What do the underlined words “complied with” in paragraph 1 mean?| A．Let down. | B．Relied on. | C．Gave in to. | D．Made use of. |
| A．It is unavoidable in children’s life. |
| B．It is based on complex brain activities. |
| C．It is controlled by a specific area in the brain. |
| D．It is likely to hold back the development of brains. |
| A．To have fun. | B．To protect others. |
| C．To win praise. | D．To avoid getting in trouble. |
| A．Suggestions on solving children’s lies. |
| B．Possible harm to children if they are called liars. |
| C．Influence of children’s lies on parent-child relationships. |
| D．Relationships between children’s telling lies and their daily behaviour. |
About twenty minutes he waited, and then a tall man in a long overcoat, with collar turned up to his ears, hurried across from the opposite side of the street. He went directly to the waiting man.
“Is that you, Bob?” he asked, doubtfully.
“Is that you, Jimmy Wells?” cried the man in the door.
“Bless my heart!” exclaimed the new arrival, grasping both the other’s hands with his own. “It’s Bob! I was certain I’d find you here if you were still alive. Well, well, well! —twenty years is a long time. How has the West treated you, old man?”
“It has given me everything I asked it for. You’ve changed lots, Jimmy. I never thought you were so tall by two or three inches (英寸).”
“Oh, I grew a bit after I was twenty.”
“Doing well in New York, Jimmy?”
“Moderately. I have a position in one of the city departments. Come on, Bob; we’ll go around to a place I know of, and have a good long talk about old times.”
The two men started up the street, arm in arm. The man from the West, his egotism (自我) enlarged by success, was beginning to outline the history of his career. The other, submerged (埋) in his overcoat, listened with interest.
At the corner stood a drug store, brilliant with electric lights. When they came into this glare each of them turned simultaneously (同时地) to gaze upon the other’s face.
The man from the West stopped suddenly and released his arm
“You’re not Jimmy Wells,” he snapped. “Twenty years is a long time, but not long enough to change a man’s nose from a Roman (鹰钩鼻) to a pug (狮子鼻).”
“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one,” said the tall man. “You’ve been under arrest (被捕) for ten minutes, ‘Silky’ Bob. Chicago thinks you may have dropped over our way and wants to have a chat with you. Going quietly, are you? That’s sensible. Now, before we go on to the police station here’s a note I was asked to hand you. You may read it here at the the window. It’s from Patrolman (巡警) Wells.”
The man from the West unfolded the little piece of paper handed him. His hand was steady when he began to read, but it trembled a little by the time he had finished. The note was rather short.
“Bob: I was at the appointed place on time. When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the man wanted (被通缉的) in Chicago. Somehow I couldn’t do it myself, so I went around and got a plain clothes man to do the job. ——JIMMY.”
(Excerpts from “After Twenty Years” by O. Henry)
注意：1.续写词数为120左右
2.请按以下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
How time flew! Bob was released from jail. Stepping out of jail into the cold wind,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He turned around and surprised to find a familiar-looking man.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
