1 . Science reporting on climate change does lead Americans to adopt more accurate beliefs and support government action on the issue, but these gains are fragile, a new study suggests. Researchers found that these accurate beliefs fade quickly when people are exposed to coverage skeptical of climate change.

“It is not the case that the American public does not respond to scientifically informed reporting when they are exposed to it,” said Thomas Wood, associate professor of political science at the Ohio State University. “But even truly accurate science reporting recedes from people’s frame of reference very quickly.”

Results showed that accurate science reporting didn’t persuade only politicians and people who initially rejected human-caused climate change also had their opinions shifted by reading accurate articles. The study involved 2,898 online participants who participated in four waves of the experiment during the fall of 2020.

In the first wave, they all read authentic articles in the popular media that provided information reflecting the seientifie views on climate change. In the second and third waves, they read either another scientific article, an opinion article that was skeptical of climate science, or an article on an unrelated subjeet. In the fourth wave, the participants simply were asked their beliefs about the science of climate change and their policy attitudes.

To rate participants’ scientific understanding. the researchers asked after each wave if they believed that climate change is happening and has a human cause. To measure their attitudes, researchers asked participants if they favored government action on climate change and if they favored renewable energy.

“What we found suggests that people need to hear the same accurate messages about climate change again and again. If they only hear it once, it recedes very quickly,” Wood said. It was significant that accurate reporting had positive effects on all groups, including those who originally rejected climate change. But it was even more encouraging that it affected attitudes.

1. What does the underlined word “recedes” in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Increases.

B．Graduates.

C．Disappears.

D．Strikes.

2. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us?

A．The research object.	B．The research result.
C．The research purpose.	D．The research procedure.

3. Why did researchers ask participants the second question?

A．To survey the government’s satisfaction rate.

B．To make an assessment on their attitudes.

C．To teach them scientific understanding.

D．To measure action on climate change.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Science Report Of Climate Change Can Affect Minds

B．Online Participants Joined In A Four-Wave Experiment

C．Accurate Science Reporting Don’t Persuade Only Politicians

D．People Should Hear Accurate Messages About Climate Change

2 . NEW DELHI—Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi Tuesday inspected the bridge collapse site in the western state of Gujarat, where more than 100 people were killed, officials said. Ahead of the visit, Modi chaired a high-level meeting on Monday night during which he was briefed about rescue efforts.

The century-old British-era pedestrian suspension bridge (吊桥) collapsed on Sunday evening, with hundreds of people falling into Machchhu River in Morbi town, about 241 km west of the capital city, Gandhinagar. Reports said that 177 people were rescued and over 100 people were undergoing treatment at the Morbi civil hospital.

Soon after the bridge visit, Modi reached the civil hospital in Morbi to meet the injured. The prime minister was seen asking the survivors about their health. According to officials, search and rescue operations, carried out by teams of the State Disaster Response Force and the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), the Indian navy, the Indian air force and the Indian army, were called off (取消) on Monday evening and began again on Tuesday morning. Officials said Modi also met with those involved in rescue and relief operations.

The local government of Gujarat has already ordered an investigation into the deadly collapse of the bridge. The bridge is a popular tourist attraction in the area. It was shut for renovation (整修) for seven months and was open for the public on Oct 26, the Gujarati New Year.

Reports said that around 500 people, much beyond its capacity, were on the suspension bridge at the time when it crashed into the river.

Police have arrested nine people including officials of Oreva, the company that carried out the repair work, ticket sellers and security men. However, the owners of the company have not been arrested. Oreva group is actually a Gujarat-based watchmaker company. Reports said that the watchmaker reportedly outsourced (转包) the “technical aspect of the renovation” to a smaller construction company, Devprakash Solutions.

Oreva has been accused of violating multiple safety rules, leading to the huge tragedy just four days after the bridge reopened to the public. Questions have been raised over why Oreva with no experience in construction was given responsibility for maintaining a bridge.

1. What did Modi first do after hearing the bridge collapse?

A．He paid a visit to the bridge.

B．He held and took charge of a meeting.

C．He went to see the injured in the hospital.

D．He met with those involved in rescue and relief operations.

2. How can we evaluate the bridge before it collapsed?

A．It was too old to repair well.

B．It was maintained very well.

C．It had a safety risk.

D．It was solid enough.

3. What can replace the underlined word “violating” in the last paragraph?

A．Making.

B．Obeying.

C．Breaking.

D．Replacing.

4. Which can serve as the best title for the news report?

A．Indian PM inspects site of deadly bridge collapse

B．Police arrest security men after bridge collapse

C．Modi is briefed about rescue efforts after bridge collapse

D．Around 500 people are on suspension bridge when it collapses

3 . Are you planning to eat out tonight or are you going to stay in to save the pennies (省钱)? A meal out at a good restaurant or even a pizzeria can cost you a small fortune, so cooking for yourself makes financial sense. But with the rise in food prices, it’s important to be a wise shopper to keep your food bill in check.

These days our supermarket shelves are packed with tempting food items, from the daily staples, like bread and milk, to the exotic, like mangoes and kiwifruits (猕猴桃). There’s also the option of buying ready meals — convenient food that comes at a price. However, if you’re feeling hard up (拮据), there are things you can do to make the money you spend on food go further.

According to the BBC Food website, it’s all about changing your habits. It claims that cooking fulfilling and tasty meals on a budget is easy. It suggests a number of “tricks” such as using cheaper cuts of meat, “choose small amounts of meat with less expensive proteins” and “transform small quantities of leftovers into a heavy meal”.

A favorite entertainment of mine to help when money is tight is to stock up on items that are on special offer-such as BOGOF deals(Buy one, get one free).However, this is more of a problem when it comes to perishable (易腐烂的)items like fresh fruit and vegetables. In the UK, about 39% of household food waste is fruit and veg. So it’s a good idea not to stock up on too much of these things. Store them carefully and make the most of them in all your recipes.

Food waste is a big problem generally, so shopping carefully can also reduce the amount we throw away. And in Edinburgh in Scotland, it’s possible to reduce waste and not break the bank by visiting a recycled food shop, which has been set up to prevent extra food from shops ending up in the bins (垃圾桶).

Of course, the biggest thing you can do to help your cash flow is to cut back on take-away coffees and lunches.

Cooking your own meals is usually healthier for you and your finances.

1. According to the author, which of the following ways cost the least money?

A．To have meals at a good restaurant.	B．To cook meals for yourself at home.
C．To buy exotic fruit and vegetables.	D．To buy ready meals or convenient food.

2. What does the author usually do to save the expenses on food?

A．He chooses small amounts of meat with expensive proteins.

B．He transforms large quantities of leftovers into a heavy meal.

C．He stocks up on items of special offer -such as BOGOF deals.

D．He makes all the perishable fruit and vegetables in all his recipes.

3. How do some people reduce food waste in the UK?

A．They often visits recycled food shops.

B．They store most of their food carefully.

C．They buy take-away coffees and lunches.

D．They only throw away the perishable food.

4. Which one can be the best title of this passage?

A．Ways to Cook Tasty Meals at Home	B．Ways to Cut Daily Expenses on Meals
C．Ways to Buy Food in the Supermarket	D．Ways to Store Fresh Fruit and Vegetables

4 . Every family goes through its ups and downs. Most often, the root cause of this situation is the lack of communication.     1    .

Lack of patience can be one of the biggest factors. If people are not patient with their parents or children or other members, the levels of closeness will be weakened. And it can be quite difficult for a bad-tempered child, or even a bad-tempered parent to deal with the problems.

Lack of time for family members is always a reason leading to the problems.     2    . In order to survive, everyone must focus all their attention on the work, so they do not have enough time to have a good talk with others.

Lack of discipline is the worst problem in terms of children.    3    . It is known that most parents want to control the children, even their children get older, which can lead to a constantly disharmonious atmosphere within the family.

If the solutions to the problems are OK, all these problems can be easily solved. If lack of patience is one of the problems, obviously the solution is to develop the virtue of patience. You’d better hear out what the children have to say on a certain matter, or even consult them about their significant ideas.     4    .

It would be natural to see childish behavior of the younger members of a family but it is up to the elders to control the atmosphere and keep it calm.    5    .

The above are some of the most common problems that most families face. So it is important to maintain the best relations with your family, because family is the strongest support system for you.

A．Everyone has a say in each family meeting

B．By doing this, you can avoid a coming quarrel

C．A badly behaved child can ruin the peace of a family

D．the elder should talk things out instead of keeping silent

E．Don’t discuss the family problems when you’re still feeling upset

F．With the development of society, all people face fierce challenge and competition

G．There are some common factors that lead to communication problems in the family

5 . 你校将举办“遵守社会公德，从我做起（Follow Social Morality and Start from Me）”的活动。请就此写一篇短文发表在校英语报上，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 具体行为（排队购票、爱护公物等）；
3. 发出号召。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 题目已为你写好。
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6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China’s accumulated experience in reducing food loss and waste is being shared with the world. This knowledge will help many countries improve their ability    1     (reduce) food loss and ensure food security, experts and officials said.

About 14 percent of the world’s food is lost during from    2    (produce) to retail (零售). Reducing that loss by 1 percentage point would be equal to a 28 million metric ton increase in grain output,     3    could feed 70 million people for a year. This is according to the State of Food and Agriculture 2019 report released by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.

According to the FAO, over 155 million people experienced serious food insecurity in 2020, the    4    (high) number in the past five years. This was caused by conflict, extreme weather events and economic shocks    5    (relate) to COVID-19.

Wu Laping,     6    professor at China Agricultural University’s College of Economics and Management, said food loss and waste is    7    (large) affected by economic development. They noted that    8    (develop) countries lose food mainly before it is retailed, whereas developed countries mainly lose it after retail.

    9    example, food loss and waste mostly occurs in harvesting and storage in Africa and South Asia. Up to 30 percent of food loss was found during farmers’ storage in some areas in Africa, and 21 percent of food in the United States    10    (waste) during daily consumption, Wu told Economic Daily.

7 . When you throw something in the recycling bin, do you think about what it could become? And when you do, does it make you more likely to use that recycling bin? Recently, a study was conducted in an effort to decide whether or not explaining to people what their recyclables are transformed into would help increase recycling rates.

The researchers started with a group of 111 college students, asked to draw on paper before watching one of three ads.One was a public service message that showed paper going into recycling bins.The other two also showed the paper either being transformed into new paper or a guitar.After completing a survey, the students were asked to deal with the paper when they left. Half of those who saw the first ad recycled their paper, while the recycling rate jumped to 80% for those who'd seen the other ads.

After doing a few more lab experiments, the researchers headed into the real world.At a party, volunteers spoke with attendees (出席者) about recycling, with half mentioning transformed products and half keeping it general.They discovered the subject of the talks came into play.After the game, the recycling and trash bags were weighed.Those who received a message recycled over half of their waste, while those who did not recycled less than a fifth.

All this is to say that details matter.People want to know what treasures their trash can become, and when that's laid out clearly, they' re more likely to do it.Perhaps recycling companies should redesign signs to describe the items being created.Recycling is far from a perfect solution,but it doesn't hurt to manage to improve its rates.

1. What's the function of the first paragraph?

A．To lead to the main topic.

B．To reflect the author's attitude.

C．To introduce a new recycling bin.

D．1 To emphasize the benefits of recycling.

2. What does the underlined part“came into play”in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Took effect.

B．Broke down.

C．Took off.

D．Came to mind.

3. What does the author advise recycling companies to do?

A．Sign the names on the items.

B．Find perfect ways of recycling.

C．Examine the details of items.

D．Show the transformation of waste.

4. In which column of the website does the text probably appear?

A．Sports and games.

B．Travel and tourism.

C．Entertainment and recreation.

D．Science and human life.

8 . A new study published in the journal Educational Studies shows that the elementary school a child attends has almost no influence on their desire to progress to higher education.

The research was carried out by Josip Šabić and Boris Jokic at the Centre for Educational Research and Development of the Institute for Social Research in Zagreb, Croatia. The authors wanted to discover the main factors affecting pupils’ intention to continue to higher education as they reach the end of elementary school.

To find out children’s aims, they asked just over 1,000 pupils aged 14-15 at 23 elementary schools in Zagreb to complete three separate questionnaires during their last two years at elementary school. The researchers also obtained information on the pupils’ academic grades, as well as on the size of each school and its classes, the grade point average (GPA) for each school, and property prices in the area around each school as a measure of socioeconomic status.

The study revealed that none of the school-level factors, including school and class size, the GPA of the school and property prices, had any influence on the desire to continue to higher education. In contrast, several factors related to parents and home life, such as parental educational aspirations, maternal (母亲的) academic support and having a desk to work on, did have an influence. As did gender, with girls more likely than boys to want to continue to higher education. And while school-level factors didn’t have any influence, performance at school did: high academic grades were the single strongest predictor of a pupil’s desire to continue to higher education, while enjoying school was also an important factor.

“The major finding arising from the present study is that none of the school level variables used in our analysis contributes to the explanation of pupils’ aspirations (志向) for higher education,” said Josip Šabić. “Another important finding is that parents can influence their child’s aspirations by expressing their expectations regarding the child’s educational path and by providing the basic conditions for completing homework and learning.”

1. What does the research focus on?

A．Where do pupils go for help in choosing college?

B．Who gives pupils more support to go to college?

C．What makes pupils choose to attend college?

D．Which do pupils like most in choosing further education?

2. Which of the following do the researchers care least in designing the research?

A．Class sizes.	B．Family incomes.
C．Property prices.	D．Academic grades.

3. What can we infer from paragraph 4?

A．The GPA of school blocks pupils from going to college.

B．Gender has little influence on choosing a college.

C．Decisions of parents make pupils choose what to do.

D．Pupils’ preference to their school is important.

4. What does Josip Šabić stress in the last paragraph?

A．School level variables.

B．Financial support to pupils.

C．Parental academic supports.

D．Learning environments for pupils.