1 . You know the feeling — you have left your phone at home and feel anxious, as if you have lost your connection to the world. “Nomophobia” (无手机恐惧症) affects teenagers and adults alike. You can even do an online test to see if you have it. Last week, researchers from Hong Kong warned that nomophobia is infecting everyone. Their study found that people who use their phones to store, share and access personal memories suffer most. When users were asked to describe how they felt about their phones, words such as “hurt” (neck pain was often reported) and “alone” predicted higher levels of nomophobia.
“The findings of our study suggest that users regard smartphones as their extended selves and get attached to the devices,” said Dr Kim Ki Joon. “People experience feelings of anxiety and unpleasantness when separated from their phones.” Meanwhile, an American study shows that smartphone separation can lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.
So can being without your phone really give you separation anxiety? Professor Mark Griffiths, psychologist and director of the International Gaming Research Unit at Nottingham Trent University, says it is what is on the phone that counts — the social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missing out).
“We are talking about an Internet-connected device that allows people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives,” says Griffiths. “You would have to surgically remove a phone from a teenager because their whole life is ingrained in this device.”
Griffiths thinks attachment theory, where we develop emotional dependency on the phone because it holds details of our lives, is a small part of nomophobia. For “screenagers”, it is Fomo that creates the most separation anxiety. If they can’t see what’s happening on WeChat or Weibo, they become panic-stricken about not knowing what’s going on socially. “But they adapt very quickly if you take them on holiday and there’s no Internet,” says Griffiths.
1. Which of the following may Dr Kim Ki Joon agree with?| A．We waste too much time on phones. |
| B．Phones have become part of some users. |
| C．Addiction to phones makes memories suffer. |
| D．Phones and blood pressure are closely linked. |
| A．We worry we may miss out what our friends are doing |
| B．We fear without phones we will run into a lot of trouble |
| C．We are accustomed to having a phone on us |
| D．We need our phones to help us store information |
| A．Approved of. | B．Relied on. | C．Opposed to. | D．Determined by. |
| A．In a research report. |
| B．In a science textbook. |
| C．In a popular science magazine. |
| D．In a fashion brochure. |
2 . Maths anxiety may be causing a national crisis, Cambridge University researchers have said, as they find that one in ten children suffer from anxiety at the subject.
Researchers surveyed 1, 700 British pupils aged 8 to 13 about their feelings towards the subject. They found 10% of children suffered from maths anxiety. Other feelings caused by maths included fear and anger, while physical symptoms included a racing heart or struggling to catch breath.
“The project studied students’ attitudes towards maths because of what could be called a maths crisis in the UK, ” researchers said. “Many children and adults experience feelings of anxiety, fear or discomfort when they face maths. This may be leading to a low level of maths in the country. ” The number of adults with functional maths skills equal to a GCSE (英国普通中等教育证书) grade C has dropped from 26% in 2003 to only 22% in 2011, according to the survey. At the same time, only 57% of the children achieved the same level in functional maths skills.
Dr. Denes Szucs, a professor at Cambridge’s Centre for Neuroscience (神经科学) in Education said that there is a misunderstanding that only low performing children suffer from math anxiety. “This is a common misunderstanding that we have seen in decision makers, ” he said. “They assume people are anxious about maths because they are poor achievers.” In fact, more than 77% of children with high levels of maths anxiety are normal to high achievers. Dr. Szucs went on, “Probably their maths anxiety will go unnoticed because their performance is good. But they are very worried and in the long term their performance is limited. This is a real danger here: these are children who are completely able to do maths at a normal level, but may keep away from it because they feel anxious.” The research also found that girls have higher levels of maths anxiety than boys.
John’s Hillman, director of education at the Nuffield Foundation said, “Mathematical achievement is valuable, as a foundation for many other subjects and as an important predictor of future academic learning, job hunting and even health. Maths anxiety can seriously influence students’ performance in both primary and secondary schools.”
1. What can we learn from the survey conducted by the Cambridge University researchers?| A．Girls suffer lower levels of maths anxiety than boys. |
| B．Only low performing children suffer from maths anxiety. |
| C．Children with maths anxiety will suffer both physically and mentally. |
| D．Most children with high levels of maths anxiety usually perform badly at the subject. |
| A．Many children are suffering from maths anxiety. |
| B．They want to help improve students’ academic performance. |
| C．Maths anxiety may cause great damage to children’s development. |
| D．Both children and adults experience maths anxiety, causing a national maths crisis. |
| A．Providing data. | B．Giving examples. |
| C．Giving definition. | D．Analyzing and reasoning. |
| A．How can students learn maths well? |
| B．How can maths anxiety be reduced? |
| C．How does anxiety influence students’ mental health? |
| D．How can children realize the importance of learning maths? |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（/\），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last weekend, the storm struck our village. I was watching TV with my family while we heard a loud noise. Several minutes later, our house fall down and covered us. It took us a long time after we managed to climb out, but I found one of my dog dead. The storm damaged lots of houses, some of them were nearly destroyed. More than two hundreds people were killed in the disaster, and some were seriously injured and take to hospital. It was reported that many people were homeless because the storm. Now we are working together to rebuilt their village and I firmly believe tomorrow is another day.
4 . Starting this year, Scholastic Aptitude Test(SAT)scores will be about more than just how many correct answers a person has on the test.The College Board in charge of the SAT recently published a new policy.It will include something called an "adversity score", based on 31 different factors and ranging from I to 100.A score of 50 is an "average level of disadvantage", said The New York Times.A higher score means a student has faced more adversity.It will cover 150 colleges later this year and be available to all US colleges in 2020.
What kind of adversity do students face? African-American students, for example, are more likely to attend underfunded(资金不足的) schools, and their families usually can’t afford extra SAT lessons.Higher SAT scores have been found to have a close tie with students from richer families and those with better-educated parents, reported The New York Times.As a result, the SAT has long been criticized for its unfairness.
The new adversity score tries to deal with that reality.If a student came from a poor neighborhood or attended a high school without enough funding, this information will be given to college administrators.While one student's SAT score may be lower than her rich classmates, college administrators may assume that she did her best in a bad situation.
This sounds good, but the College Board has received a lot of criticism for this new development.Parents are worried.They’re concerned that their children's hard work would be "completely neglected“(忽视)just because they happened to come from a rich family.
Writing in Time, Andre J.Washington and Daniel Hemel call the adversity score a half-hearted effort＂.They say the score fails to directly deal with racial inequality(种族不平等).They also say that the problems experienced by African-Americans are deeper than just low scores and school funding.For example, they point out that African-American students are less likely to have supportive relationships with teachers, so they are less likely to have satisfying recommendation letters.
At least they're trying, says Richard D Kahlenberg, a senior fellow aThe Century Foundation.”An imperfect adversity score is better than failing to consider the difficulty so many students get through”, he said."The adversity score is simple and direct.”
1. What does “adversity" probably mean in the passage?| A．Mess |
| B．Difficulty |
| C．Confusion |
| D．Failure |
| A．Schools are underfunded. |
| B．The media have caused the unfairness. |
| C．Parents are not well-educated. |
| D．Family status greatly affects students' scores. |
| A．It will narrow the gap between the white and the black. |
| B．Students from poor families are likely to benefit from it. |
| C．It will encourage students to work harder for high scores. |
| D．Students from rich families may have higher adversity scores.. |
| A．It fails to take students' difficulties into consideration. |
| B．It will make racial inequality a more serious problem. |
| C．The relationship between teachers and students will be affected. |
| D．Efforts made by students from rich families will be undervalued. |
5 . Man has always dreamt of a world free from suffering, injustice, and above all, work. Adam and Eve are placed by God in a garden full of trees “pleasant to the sight, and good for food”. The medieval utopia (乌托邦) of Cockeyne was populated by hens laying soft-boiled eggs and roast pigs with carving knives stuck in their back.
Modern technology has made such pictures a reality. Writing in 1929, economist John Maynard Keynes predicted that, over the next 100 years, standards of living in the affluent (富铙的) world would rise between four to eight times. Freed from the burden of economic need, man would face his real, permanent problem: “How to spend the leisure (闲暇) time wisely and well?”
Well, it hasn’t happened quite like that. Keynes got one thing right: standards of living in the affluent world have indeed risen about four times. But hours of work have not fallen as much as the former. Today in Britain, we work on average about 40 hours a week, down from 50 hours in 1930, but nowhere near the 15 hours that Keynes foresaw. Why?
My father Robert and I wrote a book titled How Much is Enough, in which we tried to solve this “Keynes problem”. Among other explanations, we considered the possibility that people are frightened by endless leisure.
We concluded that this may well be true — but only because people do not know what leisure really is, or might become. Leisure today is thought of as a mere interlude in the productive process, a moment to relax before the next period of work. Indeed, it’s impossible for us to tell modern leisure apart from work. We play golf in order to stay fit, party in order to network, invest quality time in our children in order to keep them sweet. No wonder a life of leisure fills us with fear.
How can we recover real leisure? The first step would be to recall the original meaning of leisure. Leisure in the ancient world — “schole” in Greek, and “otium” in Latin — was not just time off work but a different form of activity in its own right. It was what was done freely, for its own sake, rather than for the purpose of something else.
1. What can we infer from Paragraph 1?| A．Adam and Eve were enjoying themselves in a garden. |
| B．Soft-boiled eggs laid by hens were popular with people. |
| C．Man has long been expecting a life with enough leisure. |
| D．Man has dreamed of working in a world full of justice freely. |
| A．People don’t understand the true meaning of work. |
| B．People can’t tell the difference between leisure and work. |
| C．People have no idea how to make good use of leisure time. |
| D．People don’t know how to rest before restarting their work. |
| A．Break. | B．Stop. | C．End. | D．Change. |
| A．Playing golf with your friends after work. |
| B．Attending parties that are good for you. |
| C．The right to do something for a particular purpose. |
| D．Enjoying something meaningful without a purpose. |
| A．The pleasure from leisure. | B．The real meaning of leisure. |
| C．The affluent world full of leisure. | D．The author’s book How Much Is Enough. |
6 . Washington State's growing population of gray wolves is exposing deep divides among residents and testing its decision makers. And managing the animals is about to get more complicated, as the state begins drawing up a management plan and weighing whether to start a hunting season.
The wolves, nearly non-existent in the Northwestern state for almost a century, have grown in numbers about 28% each year since 2008, about a decade after they were introduced to Idaho, Montana and Wyoming. By late last year, Washington had at least 126 wolves and 27 packs.
The wolves' return has brought cheers from conservationists, who view them as symbolic creatures that can improve the state's ecosystems, and criticism from farmers and livestock（家畜）owners, who see them as killers threatening livelihoods. With wolves expected to reach targeted recovery levels in a few years, the debate over how to manage them is getting fierce. Officials recently canceled three public meetings about wolves after threats of violence and Interruption.
Wolves were largely eradicated across the Western U.S. in the 20th century, targeted by government agencies and hunted by farmers and other private citizens. In 1995, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service relocated some wolves to the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, leading to their return in the West.
Tensions in Washington have risen after decisions from the state Department of Fish and Wildlife to kill a number of wolves responsible for the deaths or injury of cattle and livestock. The conflict is centered in Ferry County in the northeastern part of the state. Fish and Wildlife staff this year killed nine wolves in Ferry County-including the last of a pack that killed or injured 29 livestock in the county.
Washington governor Jay Inslee has asked the state Fish and Wildlife agency to reduce the need to kill wolves as a result of their killing livestock, and instead increase the use of deterrent（威慑物）which can include electric fencing or range riders to monitor cattle and other livestock. Officials have said killing wolves is a last choice.
Meanwhile, researchers are racing to understand the wolves’ effect on the ecosystem to better inform how to manage the population.
1. What is puzzling the state?| A．Why gray wolves can reproduce so quickly. |
| B．When a management plan should be drawn up. |
| C．Whether wolves should be hunted seasonally. |
| D．How they can persuade residents to live in harmony with gray wolves. |
| A．They have reached the targeted recovery levels. |
| B．They have a positive effect on the local ecosystem. |
| C．They are responsible for threatening the lives of farmers and livestock. |
| D．They are a good example to get nearly non-existent animals back to nature. |
| A．Removed. | B．Introduced. | C．Released. | D．Reproduced. |
| A．Wolves facing possible hunt in Washington. |
| B．Wolves involved in a war against. |
| C．Wolves in danger of being wiped out. |
| D．Wolves on the way to growing rapidly in Washington. |
7 . When I was 16 years old and in foster care in Tennessee, people told me I was unadoptable. But I desperately wanted a family. I sought the help of a judge, even the commissioner of the Department of Children’s Services, and was adopted (收养) just a week before my 18th birthday.
We have a lot to be grateful for and this holiday season let’s not forget about the more than 415,000 youth in foster care especially older youth. These youth are the most likely to get overlooked for adoption, but they shouldn’t be. They need and deserve a family just as much as young children do. Making an older youth a part of your family can bring just as much a joy as adopting a baby or a younger child—without all the diapers（尿布） and potty training（如厕训练）.
My adoption was life changing and probably the best thing that ever happened to me. I still remember the first gift my parents gave to me. It was a Mickey Mouse key chain with a key to their home. They told me that no matter what happened they would always love me and I’d always have a place to come home to. This is our 17th Thanksgiving together...
My first Thanksgiving with my family was a little overwhelming with lots of extended family including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. However, it’s when I realized that I would never have to spend another holiday alone and that was truly an amazing feeling.
I was always eager to spend time with my little sister, Beth. She was six when I joined the family. My dad always says he knew we were really sisters, and I was no longer a guest in the house when Beth and I had our first fight. Today, she’s one of my best friends, and I’m her biggest cheerleader.
There were also bittersweet Thanksgivings. One we spent in my mom’s hospital room. It was there that she helped me plan my wedding but passed away three weeks before the ceremony. My dad walked me down the aisle, and my sister was my maid of honor. Because of our bond, we were able to support each other through that challenging time and that’s what family is for—the good and bad times.
It’s nice having my dad and sister to share holidays and special occasions. But they’re even more important when it comes to the little things—like having someone to share my bad day with, celebrate my promotion at work, or help me think through a difficult decision. It’s in these moments that I just can’t imagine being alone in the world.
I’m so glad that I didn’t listen to those people who said I was unadoptable, I’d never find a family, and that I was putting myself out there for rejection. It’s a risk for older foster youth to consider adoption. It’s an opportunity to be rejected once again. But it’s a risk they should take because life doesn’t end at 18. It’s really just beginning.
If you know someone who might consider adopting an older teen, please share my story -- and have him or her think of my family. They didn’t get to see my first steps or watch me be a pilgrim in my second grade Thanksgiving play. But they taught me so many things about life, and were there to watch me walk across the stage when I graduated from college and law school and accompanied me to the White House last year as I was honored for my work helping foster youth.
I look forward to many more Thanksgivings with my family, and I’m eternally thankful they chose me to be a part of their family.
1. We can learn from the author’s personal experience that ________.| A．older youth will bring less joy than babies |
| B．it’s rather difficult for older youth to be adopted |
| C．an older youth like her is too old to need a family |
| D．being accepted by the family is within her expectation |
| A．The family’s giving the author a Mickey Mouse as a gift. |
| B．The author’s spending her Thanksgiving with her extended family for 17 years. |
| C．The mother’s failing to attend the author’s wedding ceremony for her severe disease. |
| D．The family’s always sharing happiness and sorrow with her. |
| A．being loved and accepted | B．being taken good care of by others. |
| C．being successful in career. | D．getting along well with siblings |
| A．To express her appreciation for her family. |
| B．To show sympathy to the unadoptable older youth. |
| C．To call on more people to adopt the older youth. |
| D．To persuade the readers not to believe others’ words. |
Students have responsibility to learn well and pay more attention to
The ideal student
When research is distributed, the professor expects the student to take it
9 . Newspapers, magazines, even online articles offer reading materials for people. But strictly speaking, reading means reading books. Since reading books seems to be going out of date, it has raised people’s concerns (担心).
The yearly national reading survey (调查) shows people’s reading habits have rarely changed over the past several years. The survey says about 59 percent of the adults in China read books, with one adult, on average, reading 4 or 5 books a year. This means a large number of people don’t read at all and that those who do so only read a few books a year. A worrying fact is that even students don’t seem to be reading books as they spend more time and energy watching videos online.
There are many reasons why fewer people read books today. To begin with, given the fast-changing social atmosphere, many people tend to spend time on hobbies other than reading. Also, many parents don’t care much about reading, and so they fail to educate their children and grandchildren to love reading books. Therefore, parents should create a good atmosphere that would encourage their children to read books. Thelackof public libraries might answer for the falling number of readers. China has less than 3,300 public libraries, compared with (和……相比) more than 160,000 in the United States. And unlike countries such as the US and Britain which help read among communities, China lacks a good public service system to offer books to readers.
In order to encourage people to read more books, publishers should publish books that not only have rich contents but also attract more readers to read. Besides, schools could set some special days for theme-based reading in order to encourage students to read more books. Companies or social societies could also organize different kinds of activities to get more people to read more books.
1. What can we learn from the national survey?| A．Most adults read 4 or 5 books every month on average. |
| B．People’s reading habits have changed over the past few years. |
| C．Students are likely to spend less time reading books. |
| D．Adults are more interested in watching videos online. |
| A．appearance | B．shortage | C．improvement | D．protection |
| A．List ways of helping read books. | B．Introduce reading activities to students. |
| C．Prove the importance of reading books. | D．Give advice on contents to publishers. |
| A．Why to read | B．Let’s publish more books |
| C．How to read | D．Let’s read more books |
10 . “Tear them apart！”“Kill the fool！”“Murder the referee (裁判)！”
These are common remarks at various sporting events.Although they may sound innocent, they influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed.Essays have been written about the way words affect us.It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含义) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to our usual behavior.Perhaps the time has come to remove it from sports words.
The dictionary meaning of the word “opponent” is “enemy”.Thus，when a player meets an opponent，he may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy.At such times，winning is the only goal, and every action, no matter how violent or rude，may be considered reasonable.I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough.The player rubbed his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then shouted，“Are they wet enough now？”I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s illegal blocking by hitting him with the ball as hard as he could.Off the court，they are good friends.It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which differs from normal behavior.
Therefore，I believe it is time we promoted the game to the level where it belongs by setting an example to the rest of the sporting world.Replacing the word “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.The dictionary meaning of the word “associate” is “friend”；“companion”．Reflect a moment!You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the word “associate” rather than “opponent”．
1. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?| A．Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences. |
| B．The words people use can influence their behavior. |
| C．Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes. |
| D．Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field. |
| A．usually receive little education | B．are usually rude and easily annoyed |
| C．cannot afford to be polite in a match | D．treat their opponents as enemies |
| A．He refused to continue the game. |
| B．He angrily hit the referee with a ball. |
| C．He claimed that the referee was unfair. |
| D．He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt. |
| A．calling on players to be polite on the court |
| B．raising the referee’s sense of responsibility |
| C．changing the attitude of players on the sports field |
| D．improving the relationship between players and referees |
