1 . Contact between adolescents (between the ages of 15 and 19) and their peers (同龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures. However, the nature and the degree of such contact
This pattern of age segregation (隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the
Research
A.reveal | B.vary | C.imply | D.prove |
A.younger children | B.professional teachers | C.close relatives | D.responsible researchers |
A.interest | B.attitude | C.workplace | D.age |
A.slightly | B.seldom | C.regularly | D.further |
A.resulted in | B.objected to | C.held back | D.checked out |
A.solution | B.factor | C.concern | D.argument |
A.spending | B.volunteers | C.partners | D.population |
A.increase | B.share | C.disappearance | D.selection |
A.opposes | B.doubts | C.supports | D.changes |
A.diets | B.activities | C.expenses | D.necessities |
A.in addition | B.as a result | C.in particular | D.for example |
A.late | B.typical | C.early | D.common |
A.pressure | B.networks | C.skills | D.background |
A.culture | B.pressure | C.respect | D.education |
A.develop | B.control | C.escape | D.apply |
2 . The MacArthur Foundation late last month announced its latest crop of “genius grants”, and once again you thought maybe, just maybe, this was your year.
And why not? These days, we’re all geniuses. We might be “marketing geniuses” or “cooking geniuses” or “TV geniuses”. We have so weakened “genius” that it’s fast joining the company of “natural” and “mindful” (留心), words left inactive through overuse and misuse.
Admittedly, the word is tough to nail down. Sometimes we assume genius equivalent to raw intelligence. But many of humanity’s greatest breakthroughs were achieved by those with only modest IQs.
Sometimes we think of the genius as someone extremely knowledgeable, but that definition also falls short. During Albert Einstein’s time, other scientists knew more physics than Einstein did, but history doesn’t remember them. That’s because they didn’t make use of that knowledge the way Einstein did. They weren’t able to, as he put it, “regard old questions from a new angle”.
The genius is not a know-it-all but a see-it-all, someone who, working with the material available to all of us, is able to make surprising and useful connections. True genius involves not merely an extra advance, but a conceptual leap. As philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer put it: Talent hits the target no one else can hit; genius hits the target no one else can see.
We’ve lost sight of this truth, and too often grant the title of genius on talented people hitting visible targets. A good example is the much-boasted announcement earlier this year that scientists had, for the first time, recorded the sound of two black holes bumping, a billion light-years away. It was a remarkable discovery, no doubt, but it did not represent a dramatic shift in how we understand the universe. It merely confirmed Einstein’s general theory of relativity.
As Plato observed, “What is honored in a country is cultivated there.” What do we honor? Digital technology, and the convenience it represents, so naturally we get a Steve Jobs or a Mark Zuckerberg as our “geniuses”, which, in point of fact, they aren’t.
The iPhone and Facebook are wonderful inventions. In many ways, they make our lives a bit easier, a bit more convenient. If anything, though, a true genius makes our lives more difficult, more unsettled. William Shakespeare’s words provide more anxiety than relief, and the world felt a bit more secure before Charles Darwin came along. Zuckerberg and Jobs may have changed our world, but they haven’t yet changed our worldview.
We need to recover genius, and a good place to start is by putting the brakes on Genius Flooding.
1. The key factor that sets geniuses and talents apart is that ________.A.geniuses have a larger range of knowledge | B.geniuses have access to far more resources |
C.geniuses can see visible targets | D.geniuses approach things differently |
A.their achievements bring people convenience |
B.they have extraordinary intelligence |
C.they are native to the country where digital technology is highly valued |
D.they satisfy people’s needs in the age of high technology |
A.We should stop the improper use of “natural” and “mindful”. |
B.The first recording of two black holes bumping each other is a genius breakthrough. |
C.Charles Darwin is hardly a genius. |
D.More geniuses remain to be found in our life. |
A.Get a new word, genius | B.Learn from a new model, genius |
C.Join in a new group, genius | D.Make a new friend, genius |
3 . Too much work, too little money and not enough opportunity for promotion, .or growth are stressing us out on the job, according to a new survey from the American Psychological Association.
We all know that stress reduces all of the things that help productivity— mental clarity (清晰), short-term memory, decision-making and moods. One-third of employees experience lasting stress related to work, the survey found. Fifty-four percent of the 1,501 employed adults surveyed say they feel they are paid too little for their contributions, and 61% said their jobs don’t offer adequate opportunities to advance. Only half of the adults surveyed said they feel valued at work.
Besides, women’s stress is rising as families rely more on women’s earnings. An employed wife’s contribution to family earnings has reached, on average, 47% since 2009, so women feel especially stuck and tense. Thirty-two percent of women said their employers don’t provide sufficient opportunities for internal advancement, compared with 30% of men. Women are more likely to feel tense during a typical workday, reporting more often that their employer doesn’t appreciate what they do.
Physically, the body responds to stress by secreting hormones into the bloodstream that stimulate accelerated (加速的) heart rate and breathing and tensing of muscles. People who experience stress as a positive often have increased blood flow to the brain, muscles and limbs, similar to the effects of aerobic exercise. Those who feel frightened or threatened, however, often have an unstable heart rate and constricting wood vessels (血管). Their blood pressure rises and hands and feet may grow cold. They may become agitated, speak more loudly or experience errors in judgment.
Emotional responses to stress often divide along gender lines, with men more likely to have a “fight or flight” reaction while women are more likely to have a tend and befriend” response, seeking comfort in relationships and care of loved ones, according to the research.
Women tend to “internalize”, which contributes to their stress. Many women hesitate to speak up for themselves or challenge behavior they see as unfair. Kay Keaney, interior designer, 40, rose fast at a California medical group, taking on responsibility for interior and facility planning. With her 60-hour workweeks, plus early-morning and late-night meetings and a 1.5-hour commute each way, she seldom had time with her two small children. Whether stuck in traffic on her way to a 6 p.m. pickup at day care, or tom between her children and urgent work emails, “I just wanted to crawl out of my skin,” she says. “I was overwhelmed.” Yet she hesitated to complain. “There was too much work to be done, and playing the Mommy card was bad form.” But the experts suggest that women should give themselves a voice.
1. The underlined word “agitated” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________.A.fearful | B.optimistic | C.anxious | D.ambitious |
A.Everyone has a painful sense of being under-appreciated or under-paid. |
B.An increasing number of people feel satisfied with work-life balance. |
C.An improving job market is making some people’s work lives easier. |
D.Most women have higher levels of work stress than the opposite sex. |
A.relieving oneself from stress involves being frank as well as brave |
B.experiencing symptoms of lasting stress causes communication barriers |
C.seeking comfort from friends or relatives has little to do with office stress |
D.being challenged or devalued by others leads to numerous health problems |
A.Other aspects in life affected by stress in work. |
B.Tips to help women handle their hard times properly. |
C.Examples to show the different gender responses to stress. |
D.Reasons why people are likely to feel tense when working. |
4 . A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennial prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source. Not a president’s social media platform.
Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to sharpen their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.
Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verily stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives— especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.
Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.
Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error”, more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.
So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills— and in their choices on when to share on social media.
1. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubt on ________.A.the justification of the news-filtering practice |
B.people’s preference for social media platforms |
C.the administration’s ability to handle information |
D.whether social media was a reliable source of news |
A.tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace | B.verify news by referring to diverse resources |
C.have a strong sense of responsibility | D.like to exchange views on “distributed trust” |
A.readers’ outdated values | B.journalists’ biased reporting |
C.readers’ misinterpretation | D.journalists’ made-up stories |
A.A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend |
B.A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online |
C.The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media |
D.The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests |
5 . We have been putting smart women on the couch for 40 years without making full use of their talent. Today the portion of top jobs that go to women is still
But for businesses and reformers are serious about making their companies
Re-think time. We can break away from the
Availability matters. It’s important to differ between availability and absolute time commitment. Many professional women would
Quality is the goal, not quantity. Leaders need to create a
“Devotion” may help talented women who can live with the way that top jobs require today— and if that’s their
A.shockingly | B.probably | C.relatively | D.consequently |
A.desire | B.barrier | C.challenge | D.solution |
A.promise | B.suggest | C.exceed | D.demand |
A.cautious | B.grateful | C.inevitable | D.hopeful |
A.myth | B.corporation | C.executive | D.novelty |
A.time | B.income | C.freedom | D.promotion |
A.happily | B.reluctantly | C.hesitantly | D.rapidly |
A.expected | B.paid | C.limited | D.excluded |
A.workload | B.ambition | C.management | D.performance |
A.regulation | B.situation | C.civilization | D.culture |
A.responsibilities | B.contributions | C.donations | D.commitments |
A.devotion | B.supervision | C.promotion | D.employment |
A.path | B.advantage | C.principle | D.choice |
A.altering | B.considering | C.criticizing | D.fighting |
A.competition | B.pressure | C.injustice | D.cruelty |
A. destructive B. transfers C. equaled D. justify AB. bonds AC. scholarly AD. pastime BC. amounted BD. analyze CD. firing ABC. fundamentally |
Do you take part in office gossip? I don’t like to think of myself as a gossip, but I have to admit I often do it. In my turbulent industry, I
Amid a rise in office gossip, researchers are disagreeing over whether it is
In one case analyzed in a/ an
On the other hand, less malignant gossip that stops short of repeating lies or breaching confidences can serve as a source of understanding. “Gossip helps us
I have seen gossip help co-workers in some places where I have worked, giving rise to compassion or offers of support when someone is going through hard times. On the other hand, I have .also seen gossip— over an office romance, for example— distract people from their work and even force unwanted
Whatever side you take, gossip is here to stay. It is a universal human practice and it is too complex to say it is either good or bad, a University of Colorado researcher says.