1 . America’s youth is turning its back on tobacco. According to a study recently published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cigarette smoking among US high school students is at an all-time low. One in 5 US high school students in 2016 reported using a tobacco product within the past 30 days, an improvement from 1 in 4 students just one year before.
“These findings show the importance of continuing to implement the evidence-based strategies that we now work to reduce all forms of tobacco product use, including e-cigarettes, among our nation’s youth,” says Brian King, of the CDC’s Office on Smoking and Health and senior author of the study.
And it’s not just tobacco: Drug use among US teens is down across the board. The National Institute on Drug Abuse has published annual reports on US teens’ drug use since 1996, and the 2016 survey shows the lowest rates of illegal drug and alcohol use. Marijuana (大麻) use remained “mostly steady”. “It is encouraging to see more young people making healthy choices not to use illegal substances,” says former National Drug Control Policy Director Michael Botticelli.
All individual forms of tobacco such as cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, and smoke-less tobacco saw declines in usage in 2016. Experts are especially encouraged by the decline in cigarettes, the most popular tobacco product among teens. In 2016, 11.3 percent of high school students reported using e-cigarettes, down from 16 percent in 2015.
Dr. King says adaptation is key to the decline of e-cigarettes. “We have over a half-century of science telling students about the harmful effects of tobacco use and what works best to prevent it,” says King. “E-cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among our nation’s youth, and it’s critical that our proven strategies are modernized to keep pace with the changing tobacco product landscape.”
1. What does the underlined word “implement” in Paragraph 2 mean?| A．Delay. | B．Perform. | C．Schedule. | D．Control. |
| A．US teens’ drug use has decreased. |
| B．There are many forms of tobacco. |
| C．E-cigarettes are popular among US teens. |
| D．The strategies are put forward by experts. |
| A．Disapproving. | B．Suspicious. | C．Favorable. | D．Ambiguous. |
| A．US teen tobacco use declines. | B．High percent of teen tobacco use. |
| C．The harmful effects of tobacco use. | D．The strategies to reduce tabasco use. |
Many parents don’t know how much exercise their children need to do every day to stay
The Youth Sport Trust leader, Ali Oliver said, “We have seen a drop in young people’s physical activity in recent
Meanwhile, figures from Sport England show only 17.5% of children are doing sports continuously. There is also a
This week thousands of people will get together
3 . A major emergency can create hundreds of thousands of refugees (难民) overnight. The most immediate way in which organizations like UNHCR and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) can help these refugees is by setting up refugee camps. Refugee camps are designed to be temporary, but they often remain in place for decades. In some parts of the world, children have grown up and had children of their own without ever leaving their camp.
Critics argue that they force refugees to be entirely dependent on donations. One journalist who visited the Nyadeou camp in the south of the Republic of Guinea A (Africa) in 2001, described how normally peaceful people were reduced to fighting with each other when the food truck arrived.
Refugees camps can easily become dirty, overcrowded and are overrun with disease or crime. In many camps, drug dealers hide themselves among the majority of innocent refugees.
One alternative for refugees is to settle in a town or village, making them become part of the local population. This is known as the “self-settlement”. Several aid agencies argue that the self-settlement is a better option in many cases than refugee camps. They say that self-settled refugees can start to rebuild their lives straight away, and are freer and safer than refugees in camps. Oxfam, the ICRC and many other international aid agencies support programs in which refugees are helped to self-settle.
Representatives of UNHCR argue that refugee camps are the best way of saving the greatest possible numbers of lives. They point out that it is much easier to help people if they are all gathered in one place. This is certainly true of emergency relief, for example the distribution of food, water, shelters and medical supplies. It is also true that long-term aid programs, such as family tracing, orphan support and, perhaps most importantly, education, can all be carried out much more easily when refugees are all living together in one place.
1. Who are responsible for the refugees’ dependence on donations?| A．Critics. | B．Children. | C．Refugee camps. | D．UNHCR and the ICRC. |
| A．More personal aid. | B．More living space. |
| C．Better training programs. | D．A better sense of security. |
| A．It can help save much land. | B．It’s easier for them to get schooling. |
| C．It can reduce the number of orphans. | D．It allows families to better help each other. |
| A．The advantages of refugee camps. | B．The disadvantages of refugee camps. |
| C．The advantages of the self-settlement. | D．The disadvantages of the self-settlement. |
4 . I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger seat.
One morning I
Lamb and mother
My heart froze in my chest as I
Heart in mouth, I
The police
| A．dropped | B．saw | C．carried | D．returned |
| A．kids | B．friends | C．owner | D．mother |
| A．ask about | B．play with | C．take care of | D．run into |
| A．freed | B．exchanged | C．reunited | D．examined |
| A．unexpected | B．dangerous | C．embarrassing | D．difficult |
| A．Fortunately | B．Generally | C．Immediately | D．Obviously |
| A．lamb | B．vehicle | C．seat | D．fence |
| A．saw | B．stopped | C．remembered | D．drove |
| A．crowd | B．motorway | C．field | D．hill |
| A．take off | B．catch up | C．hold back | D．get out |
| A．real | B．best | C．basic | D．last |
| A．fixed | B．noticed | C．reached | D．closed |
| A．resting | B．running | C．parking | D．turning |
| A．steep | B．long | C．rough | D．busy |
| A．abandoned | B．approached | C．recognized | D．repaired |
| A．unclean | B．uncertain | C．unhurt | D．unhappy |
| A．arrived | B．replied | C．survived | D．waited |
| A．ability | B．dream | C．luck | D．idea |
| A．common | B．confusing | C．desirable | D．awful |
| A．meal | B．test | C．job | D．lesson |
5 . By now, we are all aware that social media has had a tremendous influence on our culture, in business, on the world-at-large. Social media websites revolutionized the way people communicate and socialize on the Web. However, aside from seeing your friend’s new baby on Facebook, or reading about Justin Bieber’s latest conflict with the law on Twitter, what are some of the real influences?
Social networks offer the opportunity for people to re-connect with their old friends and acquaintances, make new friends, share ideas and pictures, and many other activities. Users can keep pace with the latest global and local developments, and participate in campaigns and activities of their choices. Professionals use social media sites like LinkedIn to enhance their career and business development. Students can work together with their peers to improve their academic and communication skills.
Unfortunately, there are a few downsides too to social networking. If you are not careful, immoral people can target you for cyber bullying and disturbance on social sites. School children, young girls, and women can fall victim to online attacks which can create tension and suffering. If you are a victim of cyber bullying, do not take it lying down, but try to take appropriate legal action against the attacker.
Many companies have blocked social networks as addicted employees can distract themselves on such sites, instead of focusing on work. In fact, studies show that British companies have lost billions of dollars per year in productivity because of social media addiction among employees.
Also, what you carelessly post on the Internet can come back to trouble you. Revealing (泄露) personal information on social sites can make users vulnerable (易受伤害的) to crimes like identity theft, stalking, etc. Many companies perform a background check on the Internet before hiring an employee. If a potential employee has posted something embarrassing on social media, it can greatly affect their chances of getting the job. The same holds true for our relationships too, as our loved ones and friends may get to know if we post something undesirable on social networks.
Social media has its advantages and drawbacks as each coin has two sides. It is up to each user to use social sites wisely to enhance their professional and social life, and exercise caution to ensure they do not fall victim to online dangers.
1. Paragraph 2 mainly shows that social networks ________.| A．help students finish their homework | B．offer professionals good chances |
| C．benefit users in various ways | D．guide users to make right choices |
| A．forbid the use of social networks during work time |
| B．avoid posting embarrassing information |
| C．refuse to hire potential addicted employees |
| D．take legal action against the attackers |
| A．share experiences in using social media | B．remind people to wisely use social media |
| C．provide some advice on social problems | D．raise public awareness of social problems |
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
6 . High street retail (零售业) staff are to wear cameras after a sudden large increase in the number of violent arguments over facemasks.
Tesco, Boots, Matalan, JD Sports, Co-op and Sainbury’s are equipping their employees with the recording devices to protect them.
The move comes after the retail union Usdaw said that abuse towards shop workers had doubled since the pandemic began. It added that there had been a 42 per cent increase in violent confrontations related to rows over face coverings.
Tesco said it would provide the body-worn cameras at £1,400 of its stores across the UK by the end of February. Boots has started testing the cameras which are said to prevent aggression. Co-op has invested £70 million in security measures for its staff at more than 500 stores after more than 2,000 employees were attacked in 2019. Sainsbury’s introduced neck-worn security cameras, typically used by the police, for its workers.
Reveal, a British company that provides body-worn cameras, confirmed a 30 per cent increase in sales during 2020 which it attributes to an increase in demand from UK stores.
Alasdair Field, the chief executive of Reveal, said: “For many, the pandemic has opened their eyes to some of the daily challenges faced by retail workers, from managing customer behavior to making sure that new rules are obeyed.”
Unfortunately, recent figures show incidents of violence and abuse toward staff are at the second highest ever recorded... Body-worn cameras provide support, reassurance, and confidence to staff and the public. They have been proven to reduce complaints, increase safety, limit the use of force and even increase productivity.
1. What is the function of the second paragraph?| A．To give some examples of different stores. |
| B．To give statement fact. |
| C．To add some details. |
| D．To continue from the above and introduce the following. |
| A．New rules must be obeyed. |
| B．Retail workers have to face the daily challenges. |
| C．Customer behavior should be managed. |
| D．The pandemic has opened people’s eyes. |
| A．They will promote social progress. |
| B．They may end up with chaos. |
| C．They might be of much effect despite arguments. |
| D．They could stop economic development. |
| A．Abuse towards shop workers doubled since the pandemic. |
| B．Shop workers are to wear body cameras after rise in abuse. |
| C．Incidents of violence and abuse toward retail staff increase. |
| D．Body-worn security cameras are to be used. |
7 . Vaccines(疫苗) are required for entry into school in most places in the United States,the government does allow for exceptions, like religious reasons.
In the last few years,the rates of vaccine-preventable illness have been on the rise. In most cases, these outbreaks began with children who were unvaccinated. To deal with this threat,some schools in New York have been refusing to allow unvaccinated children to attend school.Several parents thought this was unfair and charged. Just recently, though, a court ruled in favor of the city schools.
The court made the right decision.Vaccine policy depends not only on the added protection that vaccines provide for those who get shots,but also on the decreased probability that anyone will come into contact with the disease. This is known as community immunity(免疫力).It refers to the fact that when enough people are immunized,then there really can’t be an outbreak.And if there can’t be an outbreak,then everyone is protected.
This is important because there are people who cannot be given immunizations for various reasons.For example,small babies can’t be given all vaccines.In 1995,the chickenpox(水痘)vaccine was introduced in the United States.Over time,more and more children received it. In 2011.a study looked at how the program affected the number of children who died from the disease.
The first thing noted in the paper was that death from chickenpox went down considerably after the vaccine was introduced.From 2001 through 2007,the rates of death remained much lower.with just a few children dying from chickenpox nationally each year.
What’s more,from 2004 through 2007,not one child less than 1 year of age died in the United States from chickenpox,This is important because we cannot give the chickenpox vaccine to babies.In other words,all those babies were saved not because we vaccinated them against this illness,but because older children were vaccinated. Therefore,people who refuse to vaccinate their children aren’t just putting themselves at risk-they’re putting everyone else in danger,too.
1. Whose benefit did the judges take into consideration?| A．School leaders’. |
| B．Students’. |
| C．Several parents’. |
| D．Unvaccinated kids’. |
| A．Requiring everyone to be immunized. |
| B．Vaccinating babies as early as possible. |
| C．Making sure enough people are vaccinate. |
| D．Separating unvaccinated people from the vaccinated. |
| A．The vaccine is safe for every kid. |
| B．No deaths have been found since 2004. |
| C．The vaccine has decreased the death rate. |
| D．The vaccine is even more effective for babies. |
| A．No vaccine,no risk. |
| B．No vaccine.no school. |
| C．Vaccination is a personal choice. |
| D．Vaccine-preventable illness is dropping. |
8 . When making choices, people assume that they pick what they like. However, research suggests that we like something strictly because we have chosen it. In other words, we dislike things we don’t choose. And this phenomenon has existed since we were babies.
In an experiment, US researchers brought several 10 to 20-month-old babies into a lab and gave them two same bright and colorful soft blocks to play with. They set each block far apart, so the babies had to crawl to one or the other—a random choice. After the baby chose one of the toys, the researchers took it away and came back with a new option. The babies could then pick either the toy they didn’t play with before, or a brand-new toy.
It turned out that the babies reliably chose to play with the new toy rather than the one they had not chosen.
In follow-up experiments, when researchers instead helped choose which toy the baby would play with, the phenomenon disappeared. “As if they were saying, ‘Hmm, I didn’t choose that object last time, because I guess I didn’t like it very much” said Lisa Feigenson, co-author of the study.
This is a very important phenomenon in life, Feigenson noted. Adults will less like the thing they didn’t choose, even if they had no real preference in the first place. It looks like babies do just the same.
It shows that the act of making choices changes how we feel about our options. The random choices might become our preferences. “They are really not choosing based on whether they are novel or what they prefer,” said Alex Silver, co-author of the study.
This new finding explains why adults build unconscious preference when they make choices between the same things. Justifying(证明有道理) choice is somehow fundamental to the human experience. “I chose this, so I must like it. I didn’t choose this other thing, so it cannot be so good. Adults make these inferences unconsciously,” Feigenson said.
Such tendency makes sense to us as we live in a consumer culture and must make so many choices every day, between everything from toothpaste brands to styles of jeans.
Next, researchers will look at whether too many choices could be a problem for babies as they certainly are for adults.
1. What is the purpose of the experiments?| A．To test whether people choose what they like. |
| B．To see why babies prefer new toys to old ones. |
| C．To explain how babies and adults make choices differently. |
| D．To study if too many choices could create problems for people. |
| A．Babies prefer bright and colorful toys. |
| B．Babies’ preference largely affects their choices. |
| C．Babies prefer adults to help them make choices. |
| D．Babies’ previous random choices affect their preference. |
| A．It entirely changes our styles to choose. |
| B．It helps us make wise decisions in a consumer culture. |
| C．It promotes the relationship between adults and babies. |
| D．It helps us understand our unconscious preference for choices. |
| A．Babies like what they choose | B．Random choices matter |
| C．Too many choices puzzle the adults | D．Preference affects the choice |
9 . An undersea cable (电缆) that connects the island nation of Tonga to the Internet has broken. As a result, Tongans will be without their main Internet connection for several weeks.
Touga is a country formed of about 169 islands in the South Pacific Ocean. Most of the country's 100, 000 people live on the main island, called Tongatapu. Like most island nations, Tonga gets its Internet through a cable that runs deep under the sea.
On the night of Sunday, January 20, the 514-mile (827-kilometer) cable that connects Tonga to Fiji got broken. No one is sure how it broke, but the most likely reason is that it was damaged by a ship pulling its anchor (锚).
In many places which use underwater cables, there is a backup cable. But because Tonga’s cable is so long and costs so much money, and because not that many people live on Tonga, the country just has one cable.
The broken cable caused Tonga's Internet to stop almost completely. It was also impossible to make calls to other countries at first.
But an Internet company soon brought Internet service back using a satellite (人造卫星) connection. Banks and many government offices also have satellite connections. But this is much slower. For satellite Internet, all signals (信号) must be sent out into space and then come back to the ground somewhere else. Satellite connections only allow a small part of the Internet activity that is possible with an undersea cable.
As a result, Tongans have to think carefully about how the Internet will be used. A person speaking for the company that owns the cable said that about 80% of the Internet use in Tonga was for social media (社交媒体) sites, such as Facebook and YouTube. The country is thinking about blocking these social media sites until the problem is fixed.
A special repair ship is traveling to Tonga from Samoa to fix the cable, which is broken in two places. The repairs should begin on Monday or Tuesday and could take a week or longer. No one knows yet how much it will cost to fix the cable.
1. What may be the reason for Tonga’s undersea cable’s failure?| A．The cable was hit by a lost ship. | B．The cable was in poor condition. |
| C．The cable had a technical failure. | D．The cable was broken by a ship. |
| A．A backup cable would be very costly. |
| B．The underwater condition makes it impossible. |
| C．People of the country disagreed about laying one. |
| D．The country didn't realize the importance of the Internet. |
| A．It is expensive to use. |
| B．It carries more signals. |
| C．It works at slow speeds. |
| D．It supports most Internet use. |
| A．Allow Tongans to use it at night. | B．Stop the use of social media sites. |
| C．Ask the Internet company for advice. | D．Just allow government offices to use it. |
10 . Ways to Improve Participation (参与) in Your Virtual Classroom (虚拟课堂)
During remote learning this spring, students in Shai Klima’s high school class led their own discussions over Google Meet.
While students conversed（谈话） on video, Klima listened and drew lines on a sheet of paper tracking the flow of the conversation, resulting in a spider web. At the end of the discussion, Klima shared the drawing over video.
“It has been successful as a means to get kids to credit their peers with helping them come up with new ideas, which helps build a friendly relationship,” said kilma.
Kindergarten teacher Ruth Calkins, meanwhile, used Zoom chat when holding live lessons with her kindergarten students. She said they enjoyed typing “T” or “F” for true and false questions while answering math problems in the chat box.
| A．This strategy is terribly useful and significant. |
| B．Then he asked students to reflect on the experience. |
| C．Using chat to check for understanding is one useful strategy. |
| D．Before the live class, students answered questions independently. |
| E．Some even attempted to write sentences in response to the questions. |
| F．They decided as a group to use only one emoji at a time, for example. |
| G．They didn’t like to pay more attention to these questions. |
