1 . America’s youth is turning its back on tobacco. According to a study recently published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cigarette smoking among US high school students is at an all-time low. One in 5 US high school students in 2016 reported using a tobacco product within the past 30 days, an improvement from 1 in 4 students just one year before.
“These findings show the importance of continuing to implement the evidence-based strategies that we now work to reduce all forms of tobacco product use, including e-cigarettes, among our nation’s youth,” says Brian King, of the CDC’s Office on Smoking and Health and senior author of the study.
And it’s not just tobacco: Drug use among US teens is down across the board. The National Institute on Drug Abuse has published annual reports on US teens’ drug use since 1996, and the 2016 survey shows the lowest rates of illegal drug and alcohol use. Marijuana (大麻) use remained “mostly steady”. “It is encouraging to see more young people making healthy choices not to use illegal substances,” says former National Drug Control Policy Director Michael Botticelli.
All individual forms of tobacco such as cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, and smoke-less tobacco saw declines in usage in 2016. Experts are especially encouraged by the decline in cigarettes, the most popular tobacco product among teens. In 2016, 11.3 percent of high school students reported using e-cigarettes, down from 16 percent in 2015.
Dr. King says adaptation is key to the decline of e-cigarettes. “We have over a half-century of science telling students about the harmful effects of tobacco use and what works best to prevent it,” says King. “E-cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among our nation’s youth, and it’s critical that our proven strategies are modernized to keep pace with the changing tobacco product landscape.”
1. What does the underlined word “implement” in Paragraph 2 mean?| A．Delay. | B．Perform. | C．Schedule. | D．Control. |
| A．US teens’ drug use has decreased. |
| B．There are many forms of tobacco. |
| C．E-cigarettes are popular among US teens. |
| D．The strategies are put forward by experts. |
| A．Disapproving. | B．Suspicious. | C．Favorable. | D．Ambiguous. |
| A．US teen tobacco use declines. | B．High percent of teen tobacco use. |
| C．The harmful effects of tobacco use. | D．The strategies to reduce tabasco use. |
2 . A major emergency can create hundreds of thousands of refugees (难民) overnight. The most immediate way in which organizations like UNHCR and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) can help these refugees is by setting up refugee camps. Refugee camps are designed to be temporary, but they often remain in place for decades. In some parts of the world, children have grown up and had children of their own without ever leaving their camp.
Critics argue that they force refugees to be entirely dependent on donations. One journalist who visited the Nyadeou camp in the south of the Republic of Guinea A (Africa) in 2001, described how normally peaceful people were reduced to fighting with each other when the food truck arrived.
Refugees camps can easily become dirty, overcrowded and are overrun with disease or crime. In many camps, drug dealers hide themselves among the majority of innocent refugees.
One alternative for refugees is to settle in a town or village, making them become part of the local population. This is known as the “self-settlement”. Several aid agencies argue that the self-settlement is a better option in many cases than refugee camps. They say that self-settled refugees can start to rebuild their lives straight away, and are freer and safer than refugees in camps. Oxfam, the ICRC and many other international aid agencies support programs in which refugees are helped to self-settle.
Representatives of UNHCR argue that refugee camps are the best way of saving the greatest possible numbers of lives. They point out that it is much easier to help people if they are all gathered in one place. This is certainly true of emergency relief, for example the distribution of food, water, shelters and medical supplies. It is also true that long-term aid programs, such as family tracing, orphan support and, perhaps most importantly, education, can all be carried out much more easily when refugees are all living together in one place.
1. Who are responsible for the refugees’ dependence on donations?| A．Critics. | B．Children. | C．Refugee camps. | D．UNHCR and the ICRC. |
| A．More personal aid. | B．More living space. |
| C．Better training programs. | D．A better sense of security. |
| A．It can help save much land. | B．It’s easier for them to get schooling. |
| C．It can reduce the number of orphans. | D．It allows families to better help each other. |
| A．The advantages of refugee camps. | B．The disadvantages of refugee camps. |
| C．The advantages of the self-settlement. | D．The disadvantages of the self-settlement. |
3 . Ways to Improve Participation (参与) in Your Virtual Classroom (虚拟课堂)
During remote learning this spring, students in Shai Klima’s high school class led their own discussions over Google Meet.
While students conversed（谈话） on video, Klima listened and drew lines on a sheet of paper tracking the flow of the conversation, resulting in a spider web. At the end of the discussion, Klima shared the drawing over video.
“It has been successful as a means to get kids to credit their peers with helping them come up with new ideas, which helps build a friendly relationship,” said kilma.
Kindergarten teacher Ruth Calkins, meanwhile, used Zoom chat when holding live lessons with her kindergarten students. She said they enjoyed typing “T” or “F” for true and false questions while answering math problems in the chat box.
| A．This strategy is terribly useful and significant. |
| B．Then he asked students to reflect on the experience. |
| C．Using chat to check for understanding is one useful strategy. |
| D．Before the live class, students answered questions independently. |
| E．Some even attempted to write sentences in response to the questions. |
| F．They decided as a group to use only one emoji at a time, for example. |
| G．They didn’t like to pay more attention to these questions. |
4 . A young man named John met a senior citizen who had taught him many years before. But the teacher couldn’t recognize him by appearance. John told his teacher a story about how he inspired him to become a teacher.
“One day, a friend of mine entered the classroom with a new nice watch which I admired so much. So, I decided to steal it. Shortly after, my friend found that his watch was gone and immediately complained to his teacher, who was you. Then you went to the classroom and told the class about the lost watch. I wouldn’t give it back to him. Then you closed the door, told all the students to get up and began to search students’ pockets for it one by one. But you asked us to close our eyes. When you went through my pockets, you found the watch and took it. You went on searching everyone’s pockets till you finished finally. You never said anything about the incident, nor even took me aside to give me a moral lesson. But I received your message clearly. It was the most shameful day of my life, but it was also the day my dignity (尊严) was saved and I decided never to become a thief. And thanks to you, I understood what a real educator needs to do.”
John asked the professor if he still remembered the incident. He replied to him honestly, “I do remember the situation, the stolen watch and that I was looking for it in everyone’s pockets, but I didn’t remember you, because I also closed my eyes while searching.”
If to correct, you must make students feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people, you don’t know how to teach yet.
1. How did John meet his old teacher?| A．John visited him specially. | B．The passage didn’t tell us. |
| C．A friend told John about him. | D．His teacher asked to see him. |
| A．Nervous. | B．Curious. |
| C．Patient. | D．Unfortunate |
| A．devote himself to his teaching | B．learn some educational science |
| C．respect the students’ dignity | D．help the students keep their secrets |
| A．Because John was only one of all his students. |
| B．Because the teacher hated to mention the past. |
| C．Because he closed his eyes while searching them. |
| D．Because he pretended not to have recognized him. |
5 . Park guards who watch North America’s highest mountain say inexperienced and overconfident climbers are taking more risks and endangering themselves and other climbers. The guards suggest many climbers are trying to move up the mountain too fast after having a year of.
Denali in southern Alaska is 6,190 meters above sea level. So, climbing it requires a high level of skill. Climbers also need to acclimate to high altitudes (海拔), which is not needed for most mountains in the US.
The National Park Service recently made a statement warning that many climbers in the Alaska Range are showing signs of inexperience and overconfidence. After reporting no deaths in 2018 and 2019, at least two people have already died on the mountain in 2021. Two others were seriously injured, officials said.
Earlier this month, a skier from the state of Colorado died after falling into a very deep cut in the ice. A climber from the state of Idaho was killed by a large falling piece of ice.
The guards made their statement after a Canadian climber was seriously injured after falling nearly 305meters. He was not wearing climbing ropes. Other climbers reported the fall. People in a helicopter (直升机) studying mountain ice in the area were able to save the man,park officials said.
The Park Service statement named several reasons for the increase in injuries and deaths. They include extreme tiredness, untested body reactions to high altitudes, quickly changing weather, and not bringing the right equipment.
In recent years,guards said they have seen more climbers try to make Denali’s top by climbing the 2,134 meters from the final base camp to the top in one day. This is nearly impossible to do except for the most experienced climbers.
Experts suggest that climbers take 17 to 2l days to reach the top of Denali. That includes rest days and extra days to wait out bad weather.
1. What does the underlined phrase “acclimate to” in paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Get used to. | B．Get tired of. |
| C．Take control of. | D．Look forward to. |
| A．They are not so confident. | B．They face higher altitudes. |
| C．Most of them are beginners. | D．Deaths have come up among them. |
| A．He didn’t train himself to climb. | B．He didn’t make sure of his safety. |
| C．He didn’t stay with other climbers. | D．He knew little about the mountain ice. |
| A．Dangers of having little climbing experience. |
| B．Results of climbing mountains in a hurry. |
| C．Causes of the climbing accidents. |
| D．Rules of safe mountain climbing. |
6 . I am a freshman at Orange High School. In 2013, I founded an organization called Love For The Elderly. So many elderly people have no one to care for them, and no one to love them. When I say this, I am talking about pure love, unconditional love that shows kindness no matter what the situations may be.
The elderly have smoothed the pathway of success for our generation. They should be shown appreciation (感激) and kindness, but are often forgotten. I am sure all of you have someone in your hearts who has been at a nursing home. Think of them while I say this; they should get the best, nothing but the best. The elderly are such an unusual group of people, and their shining wisdom can most certainly be learned from. This idea of showing appreciation to the elderly reverberated (回响) inside my head, until finally, I decided it was time to step up and make a difference.
My love for and ability in writing led me to create an organization, where people from all across the world send nameless letters filled with kindness and joy, from Iceland, Romania, Finland, Australia, and more. I then send these letters to senior centers, and nursing homes located all across the country. To this date, I have collected over 1,000 letters, and the reaction I have received from these organizations has been truly unbelievable.
This past month, I had the opportunity to receive $100 from KindSpring through their monthly kindness competition to help my organization. This money has been of great help. We do not receive much money, and so it helped to pay for many costs, including postage and envelopes. This act of kindness has been very helpful to my organization, and I could not be more appreciative. If any of you would like to get involved in my organization, please visit lovefortheelderly. org.
1. Why did the author set up his organization?| A．To help the elderly with their daily life. | B．To organize activities for the elderly. |
| C．To offer true love to the elderly. | D．To raise money for the elderly. |
| A．They are being treated well. | B．They should end up in senior centers. |
| C．They are wiser than the young. | D．They don’t get enough attention. |
| A．The letters received worldwide. | B．His writing ability. |
| C．His family’s encouragement. | D．The support from senior centers. |
| A．The author doesn’t have much money. |
| B．The elderly were very thankful to the author. |
| C．The author turned to KindSpring for help. |
| D．The organization can’t be larger. |
7 . Moving back home is a reality for a lot of adults right now and the trend is increasing for a lot of reasons, for example, the COVID-19 pandemic and economic trouble.
A recent study offers insight into how adults can navigate the often embarrassing experience of moving back in with their parents. Researchers conducted this study to learn more about how adults who move back in with their parents manage that process, how they think about it and how they talk about it. Researchers think the findings are valuable because they provide some guidelines that people can use to help ensure that moving back home is a step forward instead of a step backward.
For this study, researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 31 adults between the ages of 22 and 31. And the findings were straightforward. On one hand, study participants were certainly aware of the stigma associated with moving back in with one’s parents as an adult though both parents and their grown children may give and expect respect in their relationships. However, it was equally clear that making the decision to move back in with one’s parents as an investment in the future helped people think about the decision in a positive way and communicate about it in a positive way.
Specifically, the researchers find there are four things people should do to make moving back home a positive experience for themselves and their parents:
●Communicate clear expectations. For example, do the children pay rent? Are they expected to be home by a certain time each evening?
●Contribute to the household. Grown children should be made clear what they will do to benefit the larger household, such as attending to housework.
●Lay out intended timelines. The people moving back home should think out how long they will be living with their parents, what their career and financial goals are, and how living with their parents will help them achieve those goals.
●Embody (表现) adult behavior. Adults returning home should avoid slipping into habits formed when they were children, if they want to be treated as adults.
1. What does the underlined word “stigma” in paragraph 3 mean?| A．A lack of respect. | B．A natural law. |
| C．A legal behavior. | D．A pleasant feeling. |
| A．Most people don’t take it seriously. | B．Only adults aged 22 to 31 do it. |
| C．It is an embarrassing experience. | D．It is positive if done in right ways. |
| A．Avoiding treating their children as adults. |
| B．Helping their children establish clear goals in life. |
| C．Defining children’s responsibilities in the family. |
| D．Urging their children to move out as soon as possible. |
| A．The reasons for adults moving back home. |
| B．Positive ways of moving back in with parents. |
| C．The cost of moving back in with parents. |
| D．The relationships between parents and their grown children. |
8 . Humankind’s growing need for food is in conflict with thousands of other species’ need for space. By 2050, humans may need to clear an additional 3.35 million square kilometers of land for agriculture. Changing the largely natural habitat would remove more than 17,000 species from the land, researchers report in Nature Sustainability.
“But changing how, where and what food is grown can reduce the effect,” says scientist David Williams of the University of Leeds. “We can feed the planet without making it too bad.”
To figure out how, Williams and his colleagues first identified habitat most likely to be cleared for cropland. The team then calculated how much food 152 countries would need to feed their growing population and mapped where crops would likely be grown in each, based on past land use changes. By 2050, the world’s 13 million square kilometers of cropland would need to increase by 26 percent, the team found. That growth is largely concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa, South and Southeast Asia.
The researchers then put these estimates (估计) on distribution (分布) maps of nearly 20,000 species. While almost all of these species would lose some habitat, the team estimated 1,280 species would lose at least 25 percent of their range and that 96 species would lose at least 75 percent.
“Changing the global food system could cut these losses,” the team says. Among the changes are improving crop output and increasing food imports for food-poor countries. Adopting these measures would actually reduce the world’s cropland area by 3.4 million square kilometers by 2050 and result in just 33 species losing more than a quarter of their natural range, the team found. “Achieving that may be difficult and needs governments’ effort,” Williams says, “but emptying our plates at the family dinner tables could still have big effects.” “The world needs to feed a growing population, but it can be done more sustainably (可持续地),” he says.
1. What will cause danger for species’ natural habitat in the future?| A．Growing human population. | B．Reduction in cropland. |
| C．Agricultural revolution. | D．Change in food planting. |
| A．Scientific tests. | B．Accurate data calculation. |
| C．Reasonable estimates. | D．Previous research results. |
| A．Export more food. | B．Reduce food waste. |
| C．Improve crop output. | D．Protect wild animals. |
| A．To describe a natural law. | B．To state a scientific discovery. |
| C．To introduce a biological opinion. | D．To discuss an environmental problem. |
9 . Nine out of ten U.S. high school students aren’t getting enough exercise, according to a recent study. Colorado State University (CSU) professor Kaigang Li researched the fitness and exercise habits of kids in their late teens. Rather than depending on surveys to get data (数据), Li asked the students in the study to wear accelerometers-devices (设备) that measure the amount (量) of physical activity — so that he could know how much daily exercise the teens were getting. According to the Centers for Disease Control’s (CDC) recommended (推荐) daily amount of exercise for kids to stay healthy, Li found that 91 percent of the 15-to-18-year-olds did not meet the requirements.
Earlier studies have shown that the amount of daily physical activity is likely to go down from childhood to late teenage years. For example, only 0.04 percent of 9 year-olds exercise less than an hour daily, but the number increases to 70 percent for 15-year-olds. And over the age of 15 kids become even less active.
Li found that, after high school, physical activity levels got even lower. Those who did attend college were slightly more active than those who didn’t, and of the college students, those living outside schools exercised less than on-campus students.
Kids who don’t get enough exercise often face serious health problems later in life. Li had a different set of recommendations for college students and those who don’t attend college.
“Colleges should ask students to do more physical activities -not just to build more centers, but to encourage students with more programs,” said Li.
For those who don’t attend college, Li believes that “government and communities” should know their needs and do more.
Part of the reason kids are not getting enough exercise may be because of the fact that only 29 percent of U.S. high schools have daily gym classes.
1. What do we know about Li’s research?| A．It was developed from surveys. |
| B．It asked students to exercise every day. |
| C．It got data with the help of accelerometers. |
| D．It didn’t agree with CDC’s recommendations. |
| A．Kids exercise less and less as they get older. |
| B．Kids around 15 are the most active in exercising. |
| C．Kids without enough exercise face more health problems. |
| D．Kids who attend college practice more than those who don’t. |
| A．Working with the local government and communities. |
| B．Giving students more chances for physical activity. |
| C．Preventing students from living outside schools. |
| D．Increasing the number of gyms in the colleges. |
| A．Pushing college students to get exercise is not easy. |
| B．CDC suggests that teens should exercise every day. |
| C．Teens who exercise daily often live a healthy life. |
| D．90% of U S. teens aren’t getting enough exercise. |
10 . A team from the University of Tokyo just published a new study that says that writing on paper is actually the best for your mind. “Paper is more advanced and useful compared to electronic records because paper contains more one-of-a-kind information for stronger memory recall,” said Professor Kuniyoshi L. Sakai, a neuroscientist at the University of Tokyo and author in the study.
Most people like smartphones or tablets because they seem to make everyday tasks easier, but after gathering 48 volunteers between the ages of 18 and 29 for the study, the researchers found that those who wrote on paper to finish note-taking tasks completed these 25 percent faster than people who used smartphones or tablets. What is the reason? The team said that using paper gave the volunteers more of a chance to write in their own form, while digital devices (数字设备) are more consistent (始终如一的).
The researchers divided the volunteers, including college students and office staff, into three groups depending on their memory, preferences for using paper or digital tools, sex and age. Then each volunteer read a conversation that highlighted characters explaining their plans, which mentioned what they wanted to do in two months, their 14 different class times, the deadlines for the characters' homework, and any other things. After using their paper or a device to take notes about this conversation, the volunteers were given an hour break and at ask to keep them from thinking directly about the study. They were then asked a number of questions like “What are the deadlines for the characters’ homework?”
Those who used paper for notetaking took only 11 minutes to jot down their thoughts during the study, while people who used tablets took 14 minutes; smartphone users spent the most time on the task, taking 16 minutes to write down their thoughts. As for the accuracy of the answers, those writing on paper seemed to stand out. This suggested that writing on paper benefited their memory.
1. Why did the volunteers writing on paper finish note-taking tasks faster?| A．Their tasks were less difficult. |
| B．They took notes without any stops. |
| C．Their writing styles were consistent. |
| D．They could write in their unique ways. |
| A．Make up some conversations. |
| B．Raise questions for each other. |
| C．Take notes about a conversation. |
| D．Discuss notes with group members. |
| A．To test their memory. | B．To ensure the accuracy. |
| C．To keep them energetic. | D．To remove their thoughts. |
| A．Leave out. | B．Write down. | C．Break down. | D．Concentrate on. |
