1 . What is the connection between violence and sports? Psychologists(心理学家) say that there are many reasons for violence at sports events. One is alcohol(酒精).
David Sampson, a sports sociologist, agrees. “These are often celebratory riots(暴乱)— a large number of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol. They don’t often seem dangerous in the beginning, but things get violent quickly. ”
Dave Zarifis, head of public safety at Northern Iowa University says, “Some people don’t even come to celebrate.
Social psychologist Dr Sharon Kennedy says that there are a few things officials can do to prevent violence.
| A．They just follow the crowd. |
| B．Many fans drink a lot at games. |
| C．They want to drink hard and make trouble. |
| D．Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd itself. |
| E．Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important. |
| F．Be careful when you are at a stadium because there are cameras there. |
| G．Never follow blindly no matter how many people are doing the same thing. |
2 . Being stuck behind crowds of slow walkers when you’re in a hurry is one of the most annoying things. But now, Lakeside Shopping Centre in Essex, one of the UK’s largest shopping malls, has introduced its very own fast lane (通道) for shoppers in a hurry, aiming to help impatient shoppers avoid slow walkers and the anger that goes with them.
The Lakeside Shopping Center in Essex has introduced a 720foot “fast lane” reserved for fast walkers only, just in time for the Christmas rush. The center's management team said: “the lane will help the shoppers who know where they want to go quickly and don't want to get caught in behind unhurried shoppers at the busiest time of the year.”
The fast lane was introduced after a MasterCard survey found that 80 percent of consumers found slow walkers their biggest annoyance while shopping. The research also found that the average walking speed slowed down by 21 percent during the Christmas shopping period, as most shoppers spent more time window shopping during this period.
Gary Mortimer, an expert from the Queensland University of Technology, said he wasn’t surprised by the promotion about the launch of the fast lane, and thought the concept would appeal to shoppers all over the world. “Crowded parking lots and busy shopping centers tend to be two of the biggest complaints of shoppers over the festive season，” he said. “I think the fast lanes are a new approach. However, I suspect it will be a bit like fast lanes on the highway, so it might end up being more trouble than its worth.”
The MasterCard survey also identified the four most common types of shoppers. They include “Skaters” —the 31 percent of shoppers who try and make their way through crowds politely, “Dodgers”—the 51 percent of customers who move down the paths to avoid slow walkers, “Bulldozers” —the 11 percent who push their way through crowds, and “Tutters”—the 15 percent who express their frustrations to slow walkers.
1. The fast lane is intended for the shoppers who ________.| A．can't move quickly because of physical disabilities |
| B．buy things on their shopping lists quickly |
| C．take their time to do window shopping |
| D．want to leave the mall quickly |
| A．Supportive. | B．Indifferent. |
| C．Critical. | D．Objective. |
| A．Skaters. | B．Dodgers. |
| C．Bulldozers. | D．Tutters. |
| A．Shopping can be annoying sometimes. |
| B．How to avoid “slow walkers” when shopping. |
| C．The problems that shopping centers face during busy holidays. |
| D．The shopping mall creates the fast lane to avoid “slow walkers”． |
3 . Some people say that city living in the 21st century is stressful and offers no advantages, but I don’t agree with them completely.
With the development of high-tech and the improvement of living qualities, more and more people crowded into the city, which leads to the uncontrollable urbanization(城市化). Because of this, some of the largest cities must be fairly oppressive(压抑的) places in which to live if you are short of money or unemployed. However, for those with much income, a city provides colourful environment which enables people to enjoy their modern life. In that case, I believe the advantages of urban living far outweigh its shortcomings.
Regarding shopping, as for me, rather than click on the Internet to get what I want, I prefer to window-shop. All kinds of shopping malls and supermarkets located in the city centre really content me. What’s more, a large city’s service even covers numbers of the surrounding towns and benefits many people.
In terms of entertainment, city residents are usually spoiled for choice, from amusement park to sport stadium, whoever you are will find exactly what you need. Maybe going to a concert tonight and visiting museums tomorrow. The city always contains various activities and full of energy.
The city also provides better opportunities with so many choices and challenges. Cities with universities offer high-standard education so that graduates from these places always get ideal jobs with considerable salary. Every day in the business district, you can see a fierce competition among those large companies, while there are exactly places that may give birth to talents.
Many people may complain about the traffic jam or pollution in the city, but I think with some useful measures to take, our city will be more habitable rather than stressful.
1. What does the author intend to tell us in the passage?| A．City living in the 21st century is stressful. |
| B．The city provides more conveniences and pleasures. |
| C．City living brings great trouble to the youth. |
| D．The city is gradually dying out as a matter of fact. |
| A．disposable income and colourful environment |
| B．quantities of population and shopping centres |
| C．great entertainments and better education |
| D．strong measures and fresh air |
| A．they have no more choices for amusement | B．they can hardly find what they like to do |
| C．there are so many kinds of entertainment | D．they will spend more money in a way |
| A．Disappointed. | B．Hopeful. | C．Subjective. | D．Cold-hearted. |
4 . Who’s in control of your life? Who’s pulling your strings? For the majority of us, it’s other people—society, colleagues, friends, family or our community. We learned this way of operating when we were very young, of course. We were brainwashed. We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us. As Oscar Wilde puts it, “Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else’s opinions, their lives a mimicry, their passions a quotation. ”
So when people tell us how wonderful we are, it makes us feel good. We long for this good feeling like a drug—we are addicted to it and seek it out wherever we can. Therefore, we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing to do the things we really want to. Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsening lives to keep getting their fix we worsen our own existence to get our own constant fix of approval.
But, just as with any drug, there is a price to pay. The price of the approval drug is freedom—the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think. People have their own agenda, and they come with their own baggage and, in the end, they’re more interested in themselves than in you. Furthermore, if we try to live by the opinions of others, we will build our life on sinking sand. Everyone has a different way of thinking, and people change their opinions all the time. The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting tired and probably pleasing no one in the process.
So how can we take back control?I think there’s only one way—make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think. We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values—not values imposed from the outside by others, but innate values which come from within. If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others, we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and happy life.
1. It can be concluded from the passage that .| A．it’s better to follow others’ opinions |
| B．it’s important to accept others’ comments |
| C．we shouldn’t change our own decision |
| D．we shouldn’t care too much what others think |
| A．discussing questions | B．making suggestions |
| C．analyzing causes and effects | D．providing examples and facts |
| A．most people have a variety of thoughts |
| B．we have thoughts similar to those of others |
| C．other people’s thoughts are more important |
| D．most people’s thoughts are affected by others |
| A．The price of taking the drug is freedom. |
| B．We may lose ourselves to win the approval of others. |
| C．We need to pay for what we want to get. |
| D．Changing opinions may cost us our freedom. |
5 . German artist HA Schult is an unusual artist who uses trash (废物) to make sculptures. “We are living in the time of garbage,” says Schult. “I created a thousand sculptures of garbage. They are a mirror of ourselves.” Here, Schult was talking about his 1,000 trash sculptures in the form of humans. He first exhibited them in 1996 in the western German state of North Rhine－Westphalia.
“They are social sculptures,” he explains. “They are not only sculptures for the eyes. They are sculptures to spread the idea that we live in a time of garbage.” So far, Schult’s social sculptures have been on show in Paris, in Moscow’s Red Square, on the Great Wall of China, and in the desert next to the Pyramids of Giza near Cairo.
HA Schult’s work is unforgettable. Although his work has had a big influence on the art world, Schult remains modest about his creations: “Artists have to learn every time. We are not important. All that counts is the time in which we are living.”
Trash art has been around for years. But it seems that only the popular artists are regarded as true artists when working with trash. Why can’t common people be considered artists when they use the same things and change them into some form of personal art? Maybe it’s because we all have our own preset ideas of what art is and isn’t, or whom artists are or should be.
You can be an artist like Schult if you try. Look at used metal cans. What might be done with them? Imagine them in any number of new uses, or imagine them simply as an art form. What about boxes or clothing? Boxes can usually serve as new storage containers and houses for pets. And clothing? Imagine taking old clothes and turning them into hats or hanging organizers.
1. HA Schult’s artistic works also get the message across that an artist must ________.| A．be socially responsible |
| B．be as modest as possible |
| C．make garbage recyclable |
| D．take diverse artistic forms |
| A．it takes talent to be a trash artist |
| B．preset ideas are important to artists |
| C．trash art can't be seen as a real art form |
| D．average people can also make trash artists |
| A．They served as garbage containers. |
| B．They reflected environmental issues. |
| C．They were first shown in Paris, France. |
| D．They were to raise economic awareness. |
At present, major parks across the US are facing a
Record numbers of visitors at Yellowstone National Park, in Wyoming, have caused problems. Visitors stray from
The breaking of park rules comes from disbelief among visitors
As the number of visitors increase, the group is working
As a child, reading was one of my favorite
SuperSummary, an online resource, wanted
The results were fairly close. Overall, 34% of people enjoyed the book,
Perhaps the slight preference for the book over the movie is related to libraries being a little
At present, major parks across the US are facing a
Record numbers of visitors at Yellowstone National Park, in Wyoming, have caused problems. Visitors stray from
The breaking of park rules comes from disbelief among visitors
As the number of visitors increase, the group is working
The Chinese language has become increasingly popular in the world. More British students chose to take Chinese tests than German in this year’s A levels, showing a great
This is the first time that Mandarin
A total of 3,334 candidates chose Mandarin
French and Spanish still remain the most popular foreign languages. The German language
According to the Office of Chinese Language Council International (Hanban), as of 2017, some 100 million people, excluding native speakers, use Chinese
South Korea has a larger population of Chinese language learners
The United Nations in 2010 suggested a Chinese Language Day which falls on April 20th each year to celebrate cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all official languages.
The influence of America is increasing in Spain. Spanish people drink CocaCola, wear blue jeans, watch Hollywood movies, listen to American music, and eat fast food, and they do all these things daily.
I think that American movies are a good way to spread American culture because people are often influenced by what they see in the movies. Most of the entertainment programs and documentaries we watch on TV are from America, and most of the movies we go to are made in Hollywood.
In the last few years, the government has tried to protect the Spanish movies. Now, in our cinemas, at least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from Spain or from a country of the European Union.
American culture is very much a part of Spanish life. It’s certain that many things from America are as much a part of their lives as Spanish things. For example, CocaCola is as familiar to everybody as any typical Spanish product. I’ve known CocaCola my whole life.
However, it’s different with Western fast food. For example, I don’t think McDonald’s is as successful in Spain as it is in other countries. In my opinion, one of the reasons may be the lifestyle of the Spanish people. The Spanish people normally eat at home.
It may be that McDonald’s hamburgers will eventually replace the famous Spanish tapas because in every city in Spain you can find a McDonald’s, and they are more popular among the Spanish children than among the adults. In any case, it’s obvious that American culture is more and more a part of our everyday life.
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