1 . When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, “Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault.” or “I know I’m late, but it’s not my fault; the car broke down.” It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming (责怪) somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to improve the situation. This is the winner’s key to success.
Winners are great at overcoming problems. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need. For another example, if your co-worker causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don’t rely on this person. You should accept that the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of(不管) how your co-worker fails to do his job well.
This is what being a winner is all about — creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. Winners don’t have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situations to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. So, stop focusing on “whose fault it is.” Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones for success.
1. What can we learn about winners?| A．They have responsible and able co-workers. | B．They blame themselves rather than others. |
| C．They focus on solving problems. | D．They seldom meet with difficulties in life. |
| A．By giving examples. | B．By making comparison. |
| C．By providing research results. | D．By using opinions from others. |
| A．Excuses for their failures. | B．Chances for self-development. |
| C．Challenges to their co-workers. | D．Keys to the final success. |
| A．A Winner’s Achievement | B．A Winner’s Problem |
| C．A Winner’s Opportunity | D．A Winner’s Secret |
2 . In order to reduce the risk of suffering from COVID-19, people are supposed to say no to a handshake, give up high fives, refuse kisses on the cheek and absolutely avoid hugging. So people all over the world are changing their daily habits at work and at home to prevent it from spreading.
In France, handshaking is regarded as daily greeting habits. And kissing on the cheek is often seen even between people who have only just met. Philippe Lichtfus, a lifestyle expert notices that handshaking is a relatively recent development in human history that began in the Middle Ages. Now, he says simply looking into a person’s eyes can serve as a greeting.
The Brazilian health ministry has suggested that citizens should not share the metal straws traditionally used to drink the caffeine-rich drink chimarrão. And a kiss — even if it is not on the mouth — is totally advised against.
One of Spain’s most treasured traditions is also affected by the outbreak — the kissing of sculptures (雕塑) of Virgin Mary in the week leading up to Easter. During the holy week, the faithful believers queue up to kiss the hands or feet of sculptures of Mary and the saints, seeking their protection.
Germany’s interior minister (内政部长) Horst Seehofer rebuffed Chancellor (总理) Angela Merkel’s try to shake hands with him, smiling and keeping both his hands to himself. They both laughed and Merkel threw her hand up in the air before taking a seat.
In Iran, a video has gone viral (走红) showing three friends meeting, hands in their pockets, two of whom are wearing masks, tapping their feet against each other as a greeting. A similar video in Lebanon shows singer Ragheb Alama and comedian Michel Abou Sleiman tapping their feet against each other while making kissing noises with their mouths.
The UAE (阿拉伯联合酋长国) is advising citizens to stop the traditional “nose to nose” greeting. The UAE also said that people shouldn’t shake hands anymore or kiss. Greet each other “by waving only”.
1. What can we learn from Philippe Lichtfus?| A．Handshaking has a long history. |
| B．It is suggested that people look into other’s eyes as a greeting. |
| C．People can continue to kiss on the cheek. |
| D．It is unusual for two people who have just met to kiss on the cheeks. |
| A．Appreciated. | B．Welcomed. | C．Accepted. | D．Refused. |
| A．People who believe in Virgin Mary must be disappointed to cancel (取消) the ceremony. |
| B．Several traditional greeting habits are advised against in the UAE. |
| C．Brazilians are crazy about drinking the caffeine-rich drink chimarrão. |
| D．Tapping feet against each other has already become a daily greeting in Iran. |
| A．People change their greeting styles to protect themselves. |
| B．Some new greeting styles become popular. |
| C．Different countries have different greeting styles. |
| D．Some old greeting styles are out of date. |
3 . It is easy to get carried away in an argument.
While having a rational conversation with someone who has a different opinion might seem like a challenge, it is possible. One way is to approach the other person with empathy.
The Empathy Challenge is an exercise created by Zoe Chance, senior lecturer at the Yale School of Management. At Yale, Chance teaches a course called “Mastering Influence and Persuasion” where students learn to communicate more effectively.
In her blog, Chance explains that it’s important to listen to people who disagree with you. “As they explain their position, you listen for their underlying values. Finally, you look for common ground as you reflect those values back. That’s it.”
Chance first took this challenge herself before asking her students to try. As she couldn’t understand why many people chose to vote for Donald Trump, she found three Trump’s voters and spoke with them.
Through asking questions, Chance was able to empathize with them and realize they had similar feelings. One man, an Orthodox Jew, explained that he supported Trump because Trump’s daughter and son-in-law are Jewish. The next man was a Russian immigrant passionate about freedom. The third was a lawyer who believed that authenticity (真诚) was important in political leaders.
Although Chance and Chose people had different political beliefs, they were able to relate to the life values of others. And that’s the point of the exercise-to understand others as fellow human beings.
1. Which of the following does the Empathy Challenge faces on?| A．Leadership skills. | B．Public speaking skills. |
| C．Communication skills. | D．Problem solving skills. |
| A．Defend their position. | B．Find common ground. |
| C．Reflect on their own values. | D．Meet the needs of others. |
| A．Their life values. | B．Their career history. |
| C．Their family background. | D．Their childhood experience. |
| A．Respect different perspectives | B．Zoe Chance’s empathy |
| C．Vote for Trump | D．Chancels challenge |
注意：词数100字左右；文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。
In some middle schools, iPads are introduced into classrooms to replace traditional textbooks and assist teachers as well as students in teaching and learning.
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5 . A lot of your childhood was probably spent in an ordinary classroom with old desks and chairs. That's because you went to an average school. So whether you loved your school or wished you went to one of the following now, you'll never think of schooling the same way again.
Train Platforms as School Rooms
Now, most children have to take a bus or train to school. However, they don't usually stop on the platform and learn maths. In Orissa, India, in order to try to lower the chances of children quitting school, one woman decided that she would bring the school to the kids and it certainly worked!
Floating School
Each year in summer, the rivers in Bangladesh flood. And kids are left without a way to school. However, one clever town decided to have lessons on 100 boats instead as well as health care centre and homes. With the internet access, computers and a library it's a pretty high tech school!
Elf School
In Iceland there are a lot of stories about elves. According to the school there are different types of elves that have a variety of uses. The school generally trains people in the practice of elves in the hope they can somehow help the government. The Icelandic police have been known to ask for an elf's help when meeting trouble.
Real Life Clown School
The Ringling Brothers set up a number of courses and schools around the United States to teach the students the art of clowning around. Imagine wearing a bright red nose while kids are laughing around you for a balloon animal.
1. Who was Train Platform School built for?| A．The students willing to learn the art of clowning |
| B．The students who cannot pay their high education. |
| C．The children who cannot catch the train to school. |
| D．The young children who are forced to quit school. |
| A．Elf School. | B．The Floating School. |
| C．Real Life Clown School. | D．The Train Platform School. |
| A．The students can have classes on trains. | B．The school trains people to help society. |
| C．The students use computers and a library. | D．The students learn to entertain children. |
6 . Cyberbullying (网络霸凌) was already a problem before the Covid-19 pandemic hit. After the outbreak of the pandemic, lockdown and work-from-home orders were put into force, meaning people were having to spend even more of their time online.
Previously, more time online had been linked to an increased chance of a person participating in cyberbullying. Studies have shown that stress and anxiety have increased during the pandemic, both of which can lead to increases in the number of interactions that involve cyberbullying. Yet this phenomenon has actually decreased during the pandemic. The reason behind this could tell us how to better deal with this problem once we finally emerge from the pandemic.
One reason for the decline is that in-person interactions can fuel both online and in-person bullying. Bullying tends to start in free time, which doesn’t exist in the same way in online schooling. This suggests that if we focus prevention efforts on free time, it is likely that we will be able to stop both traditional forms of bullying, as well as that of cyberbullying.
Bullying rates aren’t fixed. When children feel nurtured and socially and emotionally safe, they bully less. During the pandemic, young people have been spending more time at home with their parents or carers. For some, this has probably provided feelings of safety — a positive effect well known to occur in times of disaster or crisis.
Positive relationships can also help reduce bullying. While it is undoubtedly true that some families have experienced interpersonal conflicts during the crisis, most households have been reporting positive increases in their feelings of unity and bonding among their family members. Studies have shown that children reported more positive feelings when asked about having to spend more time with their families. Keeping these positive relationships strong may also help prevent bullying in the future.
1. What led to more online time according to the passage?| A．Addiction to the Internet. | B．Development of technology. |
| C．Measures against the pandemic. | D．More participation in cyberbullying. |
| A．A close watch on young people. | B．A sense of safety found in study. |
| C．A good relationship with family. | D．A busy online schooling schedule. |
| A．By analyzing causes. | B．By giving examples. |
| C．By making contrast. | D．By describing the process. |
| A．To show cyberbullying is a constant problem. |
| B．To explore possible solutions to cyberbullying. |
| C．To call on people to fight against cyberbullying. |
| D．To compare traditional bullying and cyberbullying. |
7 . Shoplifting is happening in stores or supermarkets throughout the world. However, shoplifting happens more in British stores, according to a recent research, by the UK-based Center for Retail Research
Napoleon once considered Britain as “a nation of shopkeepers(商店扒手)”, to which so many people dreamed of traveling. Now it seems it is a nation of shoplifters. According to the research, Britain is the most light-fingered country in Europe, with nearly one in every two cases of shoplifting across the continent taking place in British stores. The report said there were nearly 566,000 reported cases of shoplifting in Britain out of a Europe-wide total of 1.27 million. The next worst countries in Europe, France and Germany, came well below Britain with only 188,000 and 167,000 cases, respectively. Switzerland lived up to its clean-living reputation, with just 10,198 recorded cases of shop theft, and it is the lowest in Europe.
It is said that some organized foreign groups traveling in cities such as London. “There are traveling groups of thieves, many from places like Poland and Russia. They target large department stores,” Bamfield said. “The problem is right across Europe -- the criminals have formed their own European Union.” “It's a social phenomenon that could happen in any countries”, said Bamfield.
1. Which of the statements is not mentioned?| A．Britain used to be “a nation of shopkeepers”. |
| B．Shoplifting is not very serious in the country Switzerland. |
| C．Shoplifting can be prevented . |
| D．Shoplifting can happen in any country in the world. |
| A．Britain | B．Germany | C．France | D．Switzerland |
| A．Britain's social problems are not very serious. |
| B．Britain is the worst country of shoplifting. |
| C．The things shoplifters pick up are very light. |
| D．It's traveling groups of thieves that make up the majority of Britain's shoplifters. |
| A．Traveling groups of thieves use fingers to steal. |
| B．Serious Shoplifting in Britain. |
| C．Shoplifting does great harm to people across Europe. |
| D．How to prevent shoplifting. |
8 . Can you write the Chinese characters “ganga” (embarrassment) correctly? Do you know how to write characters like “gala” (the corner of walls)? If you can’t, you are not alone. “Now most people are typing into computers instead of writing on paper. We type Chinese characters mainly according to their pronunciation. The result is to recognize characters without remembering how to write them. China Youth Daily did a survey of 2,517 people, in which 90 percent said they had once forgotten how to write a common Chinese character.
Compared to adults, teenagers are better at writing Chinese characters because they spend more time learning and practicing at school. However, the influence of digital (数字的) technology cannot be left out, according to He Yu, head of a research team for Chinese teaching.
“Many students lose themselves in digital tools such as mobile phones and computers, they spent too much time on these tools. As a result, too much use of the tools will make students too lazy to think and write.” he said. Such worries have brought about a popular TV show titled Chinese Spelling Hero, which pays attention to Chinese character writing among teenagers.
In April, the Ministry of Education called for better calligraphy (书法) education in schools. Organizations like the China Calligraphy Association are also working to train more teachers in calligraphy. Interestingly, calligraphy teachers can’t always avoid the influence of modern technology. Shen Bin is a calligraphy teacher at a primary school in Beijing. She said that it’s common for teachers like her to forget certain words. “The calligraphy class is also a good chance for me to remember how to write.” she said.
1. We type Chinese characters mainly according to their ______.| A．spelling | B．pronunciation | C．meaning | D．shape |
| A．They have a good memory. |
| B．They play mobile phones less. |
| C．They know more ways in learning Chinese characters. |
| D．They study and write Chinese characters for a long time. |
| A．Calligraphy teachers are not influenced by modern technology at all. |
| B．Adults are better at writing Chinese characters than teenagers. |
| C．Students will be too lazy to think and write if they use the digital tools too much. |
| D．The TV show Chinese Spelling Hero pays attention to Chinese writing among adults. |
9 . Classroom rules are important for all students—even middle school and high school students. Start your school year or even your lessons with a discussion on the rules. Students are more likely to follow the rules when they understand the reasons for them. For this reason, it is important to explain why you have made certain rules.
Two helpful teaching ways—when setting rules for middle school and high school students are:
◆Make rules that say what to do instead of saying what not to do.
◆Start every rule with an action word (verb).
Perhaps a better way to go about writing classroom rules is to do it democratically (民主地). Get your class together and ask them what rules they want to see in their classroom. I have found that young people are surprisingly conservative (保守的) about the rules. They’ll offer some tough and powerful rules that they all must follow.
By getting students to come up with the rules together, they are setting their own personal rules. It makes them more accountable (有责任的) not only to yourself as the teacher, but also to themselves.
Classroom rules are necessary for learning. When students misbehave, they are disrespecting (不尊重) other students. Everyone in the class has the right to learn. If a student influences other students who are trying to learn, that needs to be stopped.
1. It is more possible for students to follow the rules when ________.| A．the rules are made by the teacher |
| B．their teachers force them to do so |
| C．they know they will be punished if they break the rules |
| D．they understand why the rules are made |
| A．It is polite to keep quiet when others answer a question. |
| B．Be quiet when others answer a question. |
| C．You must be quiet when others answer a question. |
| D．Don’t make a noise when others answer a question. |
| A．Correcting the students’ mistakes in class. |
| B．Having a discussion on students’ opinions. |
| C．Asking students to join in the rule-making process. |
| D．Requiring students to make their own personal rules first. |
| A．students | B．teachers | C．parents | D．headmasters |
10 . We often hear that 60 is the new 50. Just check out the images of your grandparents or greatgrandparents and notice their stooped (曲背的) bodies, their wrinkled faces when they were barely pushing 60. What a contrast with energetic, gymgoing sexagenarians (六十几岁的人) of today !
The research overseen by gerontologist(老年学专家)Taina Rantanen, compared adults born in 1910 and 1914 with those born roughly 30 years later. Both birth groups were examined in person at age 60 and again at 70 with the same set of six physical tests and five measures of cognition(认知).
According to the research, the laterborn group could walk faster, had a stronger hand grasp and could use more force with their lower legs. On cognitive tests, the laterborn group had better verbal fluency, and scored higher on a test matching numbers to symbols. But not everything changed across the generations: measures of lung function were surprisingly not changing, and there was no improvement in the shortterm memory task of recalling a series of figures.
There are many reasons why people are aging better, including improved medical care and a drop in smoking, but the key factor shown in the study of physical function was that the laterborn adults were more physically active and had bigger bodies, which suggested better nutrition. For brain function, the key seemed to be more years of education.
“Education is a powerful influence on aging and health,”says Luigi Ferrucci, scientific director of the U. S. National Institute on Aging. “With more education, you are probably going to have a larger income, which means you are more likely to go to the doctor, and have good nutrition.” He also points out that the average lifespan is seven years shorter in a poor state such as Mississippi than in a wealthier one such as California. “Here we still have lots of people who cannot take the drugs they need because they cannot pay for them,” he says. In short, 60 may be the new 50 for many of us but not for all.
1. How does the writer begin the passage?| A．By imagining a scene. | B．By presenting an image. |
| C．By raising a question. | D．By making a comparison. |
| A．The laterborn group could hardly grasp things tightly. |
| B．Everything didn’t change across the generations. |
| C．The laterborn group did worse in matching numbers to symbols. |
| D．There was a little improvement in shortterm memory in both groups. |
| A．Better nutrition. | B．Education. |
| C．Improved medical care. | D．Energetic images. |
| A．Many reasons contribute to people’s better physical function. |
| B．Today’s energetic sexagenarians have much better images. |
| C．Education is the key to people’s better aging. |
| D．People today are aging better than people born earlier. |
