2 . According to a study done by University of Michigan researchers, shopping to relieve stress was up to 40 times more effective at giving people a sense of control and shoppers were three times less sad compared to those who only browsed for items.

More than half of the 1,000 consumers participating in the survey said they have impulsively (冲动地) shopped to deal with feelings of stress, anxiety or depression. Twenty-three percent of respondents said they’ve maxed out a credit card in the past year. Millennials, 68 percent, responded by saying they have stress spent in the past, compared with 53 percent of Gen Xers and only 26 percent of Baby Boomers.

By gender, 48 percent of men and 31 percent of women who have stress spent said they had purchased alcohol when stressed. 82 percent of women stress spent on clothing compared to 52 percent of men. Women also lead stress spending for jewelry, 42 percent, compared to 22 percent for men, with men stress spending more for electronics, 44 percent versus 30 percent for women.

In fact, shopping to reduce stress can actually help you live a healthier life by making sure that your blood pressure is lowered. Shopping to relieve stress is also known as retail therapy (疗法) as a form of regulating stress. The survey found that 82 percent had only positive feelings about their purchases and that the positive mood boost that followed those purchases was long-lasting.

However, the side effect of retail therapy, for many, can start out as a relatively harmless mood booster but could possibly grow into an impulse that uses up money and cause conflict, thereby adding a significant amount of stress to a person’s life.

1. What can we know about Millennials according to the survey?

A．They tend to max out their credit cards.

B．They bear more stress than Baby Boomers.

C．They are more likely to purchase to reduce anxiety.

D．They have an advantage over Gen Xers in managing stress.

2. Which of the following has topped the list when people have stress spent?

A．Alcohol.	B．Clothing.
C．Jewelry.	D．Electronics.

3. What can be learned about retail therapy dealing with stress?

A．It is harmless.	B．It is highly recommended.
C．It promotes personal relationship.	D．It can serve as a temporary solution.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Can Shopping Relieve Stress?	B．Where is Your Money Going?
C．Shopping Habits across Generations	D．A New Cure for Depression

4 . 假定你是校学生会主席李华，最近发现不少同学沉迷于购买盲盒。请给校英文报写一封 倡议书，号召理性消费，内容包括:

1.陈述所观察到的现象:

2.提出建议并给出理由。

参考词汇: 盲盒blind boxes

注意:

1.写作词数应为80左右:

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear fellow students,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Students’ Union

5 . Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world. Whether it is tapping technology or applying the best parenting practices to meet a parenting need, parents nowadays generally invest more time in finding out how best to raise their children.

Modern parents often look to the internet and social media for parenting advice. The availability of resources has helped modern parents engage more in their children’s development, both academically and emotionally. Modern parents are also more eager to find out effective parenting methods to help them raise disciplined and confident children.

A modern parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting, where parents are much too focused on their children. They help children with tasks they’re capable of doing on their own, like selecting activities and friends for them, or calling their teachers about homework matters. Such a parenting style can hold back the development of the children’s ability to handle responsibilities independently. Children might be ill-equipped with life skills such as doing laundry (洗衣),clearing their plates or coping with their schoolwork. Always protecting children from failures may also prevent them developing adaptability and acquiring skills like problem-solving.

On the other hand, parents in the past tended to monitor less. Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends. Domestic helpers were also not the norm then, hence children of the past were often expected to shoulder the responsibilities of caring for younger brothers and sisters and managing housework. Living in the pre-internet age, parents were less informed about different parenting methods, and their parenting styles were guided more by their personalities, common sense and friendly advice from the extended family and neighbors, rather than by social media influences or parenting websites.

There is no one right way to raise a child. Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present but not wandering, who are supportive but not controlling, and who protect but not care too much.

1. What does the underlined word “tapping”   mean in paragraph 1?

A．Employing.

B．Tracking.

C．Monitoring.

D．Identifying.

2. What is a distinctive characteristic of helicopter parenting?

A．Flexible.

B．Efficient.

C．Conventional.

D．Overinvolved.

3. What do we know about parents in the past?

A．They educated kids in a rigid way.

B．They overestimated their kids’ independence.

C．They afforded kids more space for self-growth.

D．They tended to stay away from social activities.

4. What does the text mainly tell us?

A．How to raise all-round children.

B．How to enhance parent-child bonds.

C．How parenting modes have shifted over the years.

D．How information technology boosts people’s lifestyles.

7 . Singapore uses about two billion liters of water every day-a number it expects could double in the next four decades.

That kind of consumption is adding pressure to the Asian city state to address growing concerns about global water shortage. So it's building new technology to prepare itself for a future where obtaining clean water will be even more difficult. "Singapore truly has become a global water center,"said Shane Snyder,executive director of the Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute at Singapore's Nanyang Technological University. “But as it stands, it imports approximately 40% of its water today. And with climate change,that water has become far less dependable.”

Singapore, meanwhile, is home to more than five million people and is covered in fountains,reservoirs and other water features-including the world's tallest indoor waterfall, The Rain Vortex that pumps about 45,000 liters of water per minute. But it has no natural water sources of its own,instead relying heavily on recycled water and imports from its neighbors.

Snyder's research facility is one of several places developing solutions for Singapore's water dependency. The hope is to create projects that could be used across the city. "What we have become used to as reliable water may quickly change-so we have to be prepared,and we have to be thinking about the basic facilities in advance. " Snyder said. " There's a big drive to become water independent-to control our own future -and that is largely dependent on the technologies we're developing. "

Another company,Wateroam, is already taking innovation from Singapore to the rest of the region. Founded in 2014,Wateroam says it has developed a lightweight,portable filtration（过滤）device that has already provided clean drinking water to more than 75,000 people across Southeast Asia. Wateroam CEO David Pong said one of the most innovative aspects of the product is its simplicity. The water filtration device is no bigger than a bicycle pump,yet it can provide clean water to villages of 100 people for up to two years.

"We've been very blessed to have access to clean drinking water," Pong said. It's necessary to bring the privilege to the rest of the region, and advocate that clean water is an essential aspect for life on Earth,according to him.

1. What worsens the water shortage problem in Singapore?

A．More water imports.	B．The lack of technology.
C．The increasing population.	D．Double water consumption.

2. How can water crisis in Singapore be eased?

A．Searching for natural water sources.

B．Controlling the increase of population.

C．Importing water from more neighbors.

D．Using technologies to provide clean water.

3. What do we know about the filtration device from Paragraph 5?

A．It is easy to carry and use.

B．It is larger than a bicycle pump.

C．It has already been used across Asia.

D．It has already been in use for two years.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Clean water is an essential aspect for life on Earth.

B．Technology can help Singapore out with its water shortage.

C．The increasing water consumption is adding pressure to Singapore.

D．Singapore's filtration device has provided many people with clean water.

8 . Is Managing Kids' Screen Time a Good Idea?

Screen time is a big topic of conversation in today's households, particularly during the pandemic when online education hours have multiplied for many students.    1    They hope to spare their kids from the countless challenges that technology can bring. Yet the challenges of screen time overuse seldom come from kids' devices themselves, but rather from the tense relationships that technology can bring to families.    2    But technology has positive benefits too. Since every child and family is different, managing screen time calls for joint family decision-making.

If parents believe they can manage a child's screen time through adolescence, they are not only fooling themselves but also inviting relationship trouble with their teens. It is a myth to think that parents can or should manage their kids' screen time through authoritarian restrictions, even during elementary school.     3     When children are left out of those decisions, they often become less communicative with parents and siblings. This is the opposite of what parents want to achieve.

    4     From early ages, children are quite capable of understanding that a good life involves awareness and balance. Just as they learn right from wrong, and good from bad, they can also learn to use technology in healthy ways. Learning how to regulate oneself and develop healthy behaviors is one of the primary tasks of childhood and adolescence. What happens when an adult tries to regulate a child is that the child misses out on the opportunity to learn for themselves. Enforced restrictions can also make children feel helpless and less confident.

To be clear, this article is not suggesting that families never use apps or trackers, or that there should be no restrictions on screen time.    5    Parents should give voice to children and involve them in the planning and decision-making process.

A．Of course, there are websites that are unhealthy for kids to access.

B．The alternative is to involve children in decisions that govern screen time.

C．However, every family needs a family media plan between family members.

D．The goal is to see, hear, feel, and understand how children view screen time.

E．To manage children's screen time, parents have invested in apps and trackers.

F．To get children involved, parents should trust and develop kids' self-awareness.

G．What it is suggesting is that parents look at managing screen time in a different way.

9 . Punks, Ravers, Mods and Teddy Boys. No, these aren’t some hot new bands, but the names of a number of British youth subcultures from the last 70 years. Youth Club, a UK not-for-profit organization, released a book earlier this year celebrating many different subcultures from throughout Britain’s recent history.

“A catalyst for creativity on the worldwide stage, British youth culture movements from the Teddy Boys of the 1950s to the Grime Scene of the 2000s continue to play a pioneering role in music, fashion and creativity across the globe,” it wrote on its website.

These subcultures were traditionally a way for young people to show their personalities to others. Walking around London in the 1970s would have meant seeing dozens of young “punks” — people dressed in ripped denim, leather jackets, body piercings and with brightly-dyed hair on the streets. And in the 90s, “ravers” were young people who threw all-night parties in abandoned buildings or car parks.

So, what was the reason behind these subcultures?

“On both sides of the Atlantic, more and more young disappointed teenagers were looking for an escape from the boredom and restrictions of society,” wrote Ian Youngs, BBC entertainment reporter. “Unemployment, racial tensions and social changes added fuel to their fires.”

Youth subcultures have almost disappeared in the West. Some experts believe the reason for this is the instant and low-priced availability of music and clothing in the Internet age. “Fashion and music, they’re much cheaper and they’re much faster today,” Ruth Adams, a culture lecturer at King’s College London told The Guardian.

“When I was a teenager, you had to stick to one type of music or fashion, because it cost more money. Now, it's all a bit vaguer,” she said, believing that it's harder to figure out someone’s personality or music tastes nowadays just by looking at them.

Despite this, Adams believes that today’s young people are still finding their own way to express themselves, but in a more modern way. “It’s certainly happening online, ”she said. “It’s a lot easier to use personas online just by showcasing certain types of mysterious knowledge. ”

1. What do we know about British youth subcultures?

A．They date back to the 1970s.	B．They were started by Youth Club.
C．They are contemporary culture movements.	D．They were a way for youths to express themselves.

2. What contributed to the appearance of these youth subcultures?

A．The easy access to music and clothing.	B．Young people’s desire for freedom and fun.
C．The political pressure young people suffered.	D．Young people’s longing for fame and wealth.

3. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 6 probably refer to?

A．The faster and cheaper music.	B．The instant and low-priced fashion.
C．The disappearance of youth subcultures.	D．The availability of music and clothing.

4. Which of the following would Ruth Adams probably agree with?

A．Young people are less willing to express themselves.

B．Young people are less interested in music and fashion.

C．Music and fashion develop too fast for young people to follow.

D．The Internet makes it harder to tell the young’s real personalities.