American researchers say the thought that machines could take over the world is becoming an increasing reality, rather than the nightmarish plot of a sci-fi horror movie. Now, they are fueling workplace worry, with some employees reportedly sabotaging (暗中破坏) and even attacking their robot replacements.
However, psychologists think that reminding ourselves of our humanity could help alleviate irrational (不合理的) fears about machines replacing people in the workplace. It involves repeating positive statements used to promote confidence and belief in your own uniquely human abilities. These statements help shift focus away from perceived failures or inadequacies and onto a worker’s strengths — those you already have and those you want to develop.
Lead author Professor Kai Chi Yam says in a media release, “Some economists theorize that robots are more likely to take over blue-collar jobs faster than white-collar jobs. However, it doesn’t look like robots are taking over that many jobs yet, at least not in America, so a lot of these fears are rather subjective.”
Yam’s team carried out tests and analyzed data from participants in the U.S., Singapore, and India. In one experiment, working with industrial robots fueled stress and unrest among 118 engineers employed by an auto manufacturing company in India. An online survey of 400 participants found self-affirmation exercises reduced feelings of hopelessness. The workers then wrote about characteristics or values that were important to them. “Most people are overestimating the capabilities of robots and underestimating their own capabilities,” Yam says.
While some individuals may have legitimate concerns, media coverage may be unnecessarily heightening fears among the general public. “Media reports on new technologies like robots and algorithms tend to be apocalyptic (毁灭性的) in nature, so people may develop an irrational fear about them,” Yam concludes.
1. Why do people hate robots in workplace?A.They are attacked by robots. | B.They feel threatened by robots. |
C.Robots appear in sci-fi horror movies. | D.Robots take charge of their workplace. |
A.Remove all their fears and horrors. |
B.Remind them of their advantages. |
C.Help them focus better on their work. |
D.Rid them of failures and inadequacies. |
A.White-collar jobs won’t be replaced. |
B.There are too many robots in the U.S. |
C.Worries about robots are not justified. |
D.Robots have taken the place of labor. |
A.One of factors fueling people’s worries. |
B.Other irrational fears of general public. |
C.The media’s attitude toward robots. |
D.The nature of robots and algorithms. |
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【推荐1】Businesses are finding more uses for virtual reality (VR) as the technology develops.
VR is no longer only for gaming or enjoyment. An American company called Blue Goji is using VR to improve one’s health by making exercise more fun.
Blue Goji has offices in Austin, the capital of Texas. The company showed its workout machine called the Infinity treadmill (跑步机) at the South by Southwest festival. A person using the treadmill wears a virtual reality headset when exercising. Before starting, the user is connected to a belt to prevent falls. Then, the user plays a VR game while running on the machine. The game can transport the user into the virtual world, where he or she can be racing against virtual people.
The cost of the hardware and the computer software program is $12,000. That means much for most people. But Kyra Constam of Blue Goji says the virtual reality treadmill is ideal for places where people go to exercise, like high-end gyms or recreation centers.
Recently, Leonardo Mattiazzi tested the Infinity treadmill. Mattiazzi said he had a strong feeling to actually get running and do something that pushed his limits. He said the experience was more interesting than running inside the gym without actually going anywhere.
Constam noted that a lot of VR experiences cause motion sickness (晕动病) because people are in motion during the game, but not moving in real life. But when the user is moving on the treadmill and in the game, the chances of motion sickness are reduced. She said there is generally a learning curve for VR. The first time users feel lost, but the more you do it, the more you get used to it.
After carefully studying the users experiences, Blue Goji plans to begin selling the Infinity treadmill to the public.
1. What are users most likely to do after running on the Infinity treadmill?A.Make more new friends. | B.Gain more useful skills. |
C.Be fonder of exercising. | D.Prefer playing computer games. |
A.Users can not run on it. | B.It is too expensive for most people. |
C.Users can race against anyone. | D.It can be bought in high-end gyms. |
A.Satisfied | B.Disappointed. |
C.Doubtful. | D.Indifferent. |
A.To promote a new company. |
B.To call on people to take more exercise. |
C.To introduce a new application of virtual reality. |
D.To discuss the relationship between life and modern technology. |
【推荐2】The universe is incredibly vast. The diameter (直径) of the observable universe is estimated to be about 93 billion light years across. With just our eyes, we can generally only see a few thousand light years worth of distance though there are some objects we can see that are much further away. The farthest object we can see with our eyes is Andromeda Galaxy (仙女座星系) located 2.5 million light years away, and yet it is only visible if there is little light pollution. In order to see farther into space, we must rely on telescopes. How far can we see using the most powerful telescopes?
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was the record holder for the farthest visible distance in space until the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2021. JWST is now the most powerful telescope ever built, and it is able to see the universe as it was only 200 million years after the Big Bang. That means that JWST is able to piece together an additional 300 million years of universal history compared to HST. JWST will be able to study some of the first galaxies to form after the Big Bang.
The farthest physical distance we can see is the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). CMBR can be thought of as the echo (回声) of the Big Bang as it is the leftover radiation from the birth of the universe. The CMBR itself is the farthest possible distance humans can see as it represents the moment that the universe became transparent to light. Although light did exist before CMBR, gas and dust were simply too dense for light to cross space. CMBR formed only 380,000 years after the Big Bang, and so we are seeing the universe prior to the formation of even the first stars.
1. Why does the author mention Andromeda Galaxy?A.To present the origin of the universe. |
B.To stress the severity of space pollution. |
C.To show the limited range of human vision. |
D.To prove humans' wonderful view of space. |
A.It was launched in 2022. |
B.It is more advanced than HST. |
C.It can see 300 million years after the Big Bang. |
D.It was used to study the formation of the first galaxies. |
A.Distant. | B.Rare. |
C.Tiny. | D.Thick. |
A.How Far Can Humans See In Space? | B.How Will JWST Be Applied? |
C.How Will Humans Explore Space? | D.How Far Can JWST See? |
【推荐3】When Denis wants to relax at work, he steps into a quiet room, sits in a chair, slips on a virtual-reality headset, and escapes to the beach. For Denis, that moment is a tool he relies on regularly to both relieve and prevent stress.
He's not the only one at his company to use the room, where workers can also use a headset to watch a moon walk, take a virtual roller-coaster ride or access a meditation (冥 想)app.
Research shows VR can help reduce pain and anxiety. But it's not yet clear why it works. Experts believe it's related to the technology's power to distract.
“Whatever their problems are, whatever their stresses are, they can leave reality and have a different emotional mood," Denis said.
Virtual-reality headsets haven't taken off with consumers, but they're now powerful and inexpensive enough for companies to consider investing in them to help make workers and customers happier.
The headsets may help people take a virtual break from their surroundings, but there are challenges to consider. Ramon Llamas, a tech-market researcher, noted that there could be challenges in handing out headsets. Some people get sick or dizzy while using virtual reality, and the headsets may get dirty or broken. There's also the task of quickly familiarizing people with using the headsets, especially since VR adoption has been so limited and the ways they are controlled can vary.
For now, Llamas said, he's concerned about privacy and security. What if, for example, someone manages to hack into a headset and insert some content into what you' re watching?
Another potential issue is the management of the headsets and software that goes along with them. This is likely not a complication for an office like Umber Realty's, where people can simply take a headset off if they feel something wrong. But it could be more of a problem if you're stuck in a dentist's chair. “The last thing you want is that in the middle of pulling a tooth something goes wrong," Llamas said.
1. What does Denis's company use Virtual Reality for?A.Improving the customers' experience. |
B.Showing the schedule of his company. |
C.Relieving pressure of the staff. |
D.Saving the trouble of transportation. |
A.Escaping from reality for the moment. | B.Improving their thinking ability. |
C.Designing work for the company. | D.Investing in a new industry. |
A.Some hackers will surely endanger users' health. |
B.It is hard for users to recognize familiar people. |
C.The company may have difficulty storing these devices. |
D.Some users may feel uncomfortable when using it. |
A.To advise people to make use of VR widely. |
B.To prove one of the potential problems of VR. |
C.To prevent all patients from using VR. |
D.To help dentists to repair teeth with VR. |
【推荐1】Willie Sutton, a once celebrated American criminal, was partly famous for saying he robbed banks because “that’s where the money is.” Actually, museums are where the money is. In a single gallery there can be paintings worth more, taken together, than a whole fleet of jets. And while banks can hide their money in basements, museums have to put their valuables in plain sight.
Nothing could be worse than the thought of a painting as important as The Scream, Edvard Munch’s impressive image of a man screaming against the backdrop of a blood-red sky, disappearing into a criminal underworld that doesn’t care much about careful treatment of art works. Art theft is a vast problem around the world. As many as 10,000 precious items of all kinds disappear each year. And for smaller museums in particular, it may not be a problem they can afford to solve. The money for insurance on very famous pictures would be budget destroyers even for the largest museums.
Although large museums have had their share of embarrassing robberies, the greatest problem is small institutions. Neither can afford heavy security. Large museums attach alarms to their most valuable paintings, but a modest alarm system can cost $500,000 or more. Some museums are looking into tracking equipment that would allow them to follow stolen items once they leave the museums. But conservators are concerned that if they have to insert something, it might damage the object. Meanwhile, smaller museums can barely afford enough guards, relying instead on elderly staff.
Thieves sometimes try using artworks as money for other underworld deals. The planners of the 2006 robbery of Russborough House near Dublin, who stole 18 paintings, tried in vain to trade them for Irish Republican Army members held in British prison. Others demand a ransom (赎金) from the museum that owns the pictures. Once thieves in Frankfurt, Germany, made off with two major works by J.M.W. Turner from the Tate Gallery in London. The paintings, worth more than $80 million, were recovered in 2012 after the Tate paid more than $5 million to people having “information” about the paintings. Though ransom is illegal in Britain, money for looking into a case is not, provided that police agree the source of the information is unconnected to the crime. All the same, where information money end s and ransom begins is often a gray area.
1. Why do smaller museums face a greater challenge in preventing art theft?A.They lack experienced staff. |
B.They cannot afford high-tech security systems. |
C.They do not have valuable artworks. |
D.They lack interest in art conservation. |
A.It might damage the artwork. |
B.It is too expensive for smaller museums. |
C.It is difficult to insert into the paintings. |
D.It is ineffective for valuable paintings. |
A.the thieves demanded a ransom from the Tate Gallery |
B.the Tate Gallery regained the lost paintings illegally |
C.the money paid was considered an information fee, not a ransom |
D.the police requested the Tate Gallery to pay the money |
A.to remind criminals to protect and preserve the painting |
B.to give suggestions on how to avoid the crimes of art theft |
C.to urge museums to set up more advanced security systems |
D.to make people aware of art theft and the necessity of good security systems |
【推荐2】The last thing Caitlin Hipp would have expected as she prepared to turn 28 years old was to be living at home with her parents. But through working as a part-time skating instructor and restaurant server, she isn’t able to earn enough to live anywhere other than home.
To some degree, multigenerational households (家庭) have always been a part of American life. However, the number of young adults who have been moving back in with their parents — or never leaving home in the first place — has been growing steadily.
UBS Financial Services released a report that even suggests one reason for the growing number of young adults still living at home could be that their family doesn’t want them to leave.
The report shows that 74 percent of millennials (千禧一代) get some kind of financial support from their parents after college. It finds that millennials have redefined the ties that connect parents and children. Millennials see their parents as peers (同龄人), friends and instructors. Nearly three quarters talked with their parents more than once a week during college. In return, their parents happily provide financial support well into adulthood, helping fund everything for them.
Stuart Hoffman, chief economist for the PNC Financial Group in the US, said the number of young adults striking out on their own fell during the Great Recession. Although job growth for millennials since 2014 has improved, that doesn’t necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest. He said, "They may like living at home and being able to save money."
"There’s no doubt it has held back household formation and purchases of things people spend money on related to household formation and perhaps related to child-raising," Hoffman explained. "But they are probably traveling more and eating out more if they don’t have a house expense or marriage. I don’t know if it represents a change in moral values. But it’s much more common for adult children to live in their parents’ homes because it’s becoming part of the culture."
1. What can be learned about Caitlin Hipp?A.She is in her thirties. | B.She is ambitious for her career. |
C.She can barely make ends meet. | D.She prefers living with her parents. |
A.The lack of job opportunity. | B.Their parents’ need for them. |
C.The high pressure from modern life. | D.Their parents’ overprotection of them. |
A.It will never go out of fashion. | B.It may allow of more travel chances. |
C.It results from the change in moral values. | D.It goes against America’s cultural development. |
A.To introduce different types of living arrangements. |
B.To stress the importance of financial independence. |
C.To inform people of a social phenomenon in the US. |
D.To explain why Chinese young adults still live at home. |
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness, then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment and self- improvement.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. It more involves devotion and promises.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word “fun” to describe raising children. But they will also attain the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes will do something to increase our happiness but they are temporary and far less effective than nourishing our dreams and hopes. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
1. What is the author’s opinion of true happiness? (no more than 10 words)2. According to the author, why does a bachelor resist marriage? (no more than 10 words)
3. Please explain the underlined word “commitment” in English in Paragraph 3. (no more than 3 words)
4. What is the author’s opinion on raising children? (no more than 10 words)
Japan claimed sovereignty(主权) during the Sino-Japanese War of 1895, seizing the islands by illegal means.
The Cairo Declaration issued after World War II stipulated(规定) that all territory taken by Japan illegally, including China’s northeast, Taiwan and Penghu islets, must be returned to China.
In August 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender under the terms of the Potsdam Declaration. The declaration laid out that Japan must return Taiwan, the Diaoyu Islands and surrounding islets to China.
But the islands came under US control after 1945. In 1951, Japan and the US signed an illegal treaty in San Francisco without inviting China. The islands were then "entrusted" to Japan according to the treaty.
On September 18th, 1951, then Chinese Premier and Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai made a solemn(庄严的) statement on behalf of the Chinese government that the Treaty of Peace with Japan signed in San Francisco was illegal , and would not be recognized without the participation and signing of the People’s Republic of China.
In June 1971, Japan and the United States signed an agreement to hand over Okinawa to Japan. The Diaoyu Islands were mapped into the handover area.
China’s Foreign Ministry announced on December 30th 1971 that such a move was "totally illegal" and reiterated(重申) that the Diaoyu Islands and surrounding islets were "an integral part of the Chinese territory".
1. The underlined word"maritime"in Paragraph 1 probably means _____.
A.referring to sea | B.referring to many time |
C.referring to marriage | D.referring to hard life |
A.The order of importance |
B.The order of time |
C.The order of place or direction |
D.The order of advantages and disadvantages |
A.China's sovereignty to Diaoyu Island dates back to the Ming Dynasty. |
B.The Potsdam Declaration issued that Japan must return Diaoyu Island and surrrounding islets to China. |
C.In August 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender under the terms of the Cairo Declaration. |
D.So far as new China's government is concerned, the treaty between Japan and USA about Diaoyu Island and surrounding islets is considered illegal. |
【推荐2】The color of deep blue oceans is quickly changing when the planet warms, according to new research published in the journal Nature. The study’s authors found over half the world’s oceans, 56%, experienced a change in color. This is because of changes in the thickness and spread of plankton (浮游生物). These small living things contain chlorophyll (叶绿素), which helps plants get food from sunlight.
The recent study supports a similar prediction (预测) in a Nature Communications study published in 2019. The study copied the changes in plankton when oceans continue to warm. And though the new study used satellites to discover small changes in color, the former research predicted important changes by 2100. If the world keeps warming at its present speed, the blue areas in the oceans will become bluer, and the green areas will become greener. When the oceans warm, the movement of water in the oceans become more unusual, and the layer in the water become more, which means that warm areas are less likely to mix with cold areas.
There are thousands of plankton, which are used to warm or cold water. When oceans continue warming, some kinds of plankton may die off, some will thrive, and others will go to different areas. The 2023 study showed that many of these predicted changes have already happened.
But just looking at chlorophyll alone, we still don’t know how the warming climate is changing plankton. Some strange natural events can influence the number of plankton in an area.
It’s too early to say for sure what influence these changing colors will have on the environment, but scientists think more ecosystems could be controlled by smaller-sized plankton in the future, according to a press release from the National Oceanography Center in the UK.
“Plankton are the base (基础) of the food web in the ocean. Everything in the ocean needs plankton,” a marine ecologist Dutkiewicz says.
1. What is the main cause of the change in ocean color?A.The temperature of sea water. | B.The increase of plankton kinds. |
C.The growth of small living things. | D.The thickness and spread of plankton. |
A.Grow and develop well. | B.Keep oneself safe. |
C.Make oneself happy. | D.Feed oneself. |
A.They are unusual. | B.They can control climate. |
C.They are changeable. | D.They are necessary for the ocean. |
A.The chlorophyll is contained in plankton | B.Climate change will change the oceans’ color |
C.Plankton help plants get food from sunlight | D.The warming climate is changing plankton |
【推荐3】Have you ever wondered why most store-bought tomatoes are so tasteless? Does it relate to climate change or soils? The answer has something to do with farmers’ income: Tomato farmers care about output, and the genetic variants (基因变体) associated with output are not associated with tasty tomato flavor, a new study finds.
Is it possible to bring back the rich, sweet flavor of the tomato? To find out, Denise Tieman, research assistant at the University of Florida, explored which genes are associated with tomatoes’ taste.
In an attempt to fix supermarket tomatoes, Florida researchers looked at 398 different types and identified the chemical and genetic makeup of each one. They had participants taste-test 101 varieties, cross-referencing the participants’ favorites with their research findings. They ended up with 13 genetic compositions that are most likely responsible for giving tomatoes their flavor. The researchers then measured the content of the 13 flavor compositions in each of the tomatoes, and identified about250 genetic loci (遗传基因座) that controlled tomato flavor. And the researchers also wanted to explore why supermarket tomatoes have no taste.
It turns out that for industrial growers, it all comes down to priorities (优先性). North American consumers want year-round availability, so farmers started raising their plants for qualities like firmness, shelf life, high output and disease resistance, says Tieman. “Not to discount any of that because it’s all important. We want to have tomatoes in the grocery stores year round and be able to ship them long distances when it’s winter in the north. If they have to be shipped from Florida or Mexico, you need to have all those features.” But as growers planted tomatoes to meet those priorities, the flavor gradually disappeared.
Going back to the old varieties is not an option—at least, not for grocery stores. But the researchers believe that there is hope for a growable tomato that’s both long-lasting and flavorful in about three to five years.
1. What is the main reason for the tasteless store-bought tomatoes?A.They get little energy from the soil. |
B.They are affected by climate change. |
C.Tomato farmers prioritize output over flavor. |
D.Consumers demand tomatoes with a longer shelf life. |
A.They conducted a survey on tomato consumers. |
B.They measured the size and firmness of tomatoes. |
C.They analyzed the genetics of different tomato varieties. |
D.They interviewed tomato farmers about their growing methods. |
A.Reserved. | B.Positive. | C.Objective. | D.Dismissive. |
A.How Are Tasty Tomatoes Produced? |
B.New Tomato Varieties to Be Released |
C.Risks of Too Much Tomato Consumption |
D.Why Do Store Tomatoes Lose Their Flavor? |