1 . The two Greek words — “philo”, which means love and “Sophia”, which means wisdom, are the beginnings of the word we use today: Philosophy, the love of wisdom.

Most people have a philosophy on life. Everybody has an idea of what is right and what is wrong, and why things are the way they are, and who they are and who to trust. A lot of people believe somebody else’s philosophy. That person may be a religious or political leader, or anybody you look up to. Some people have their own philosophy on life which might be a mixture of theories. Others are philosophers: people who want to know the truth about life for themselves and spend their time studying, thinking and asking questions.

Today philosophers are still encouraging people to think. Schools in some countries teach philosophy to children. Reading books written by old philosophers can be difficult because the language is from the past. So stories are used to help schoolchildren make their own decisions about what is right and wrong and think about the best way to solve problems.

Why do we need philosophy? There are plenty of people who think that killing animals is cruel, but eating animals is fine. If you are one of these people, you should ask yourself why. Why is killing animals cruel? Why is it okay to eat animals? You might find that the answer to each question is very different and you could have an argument by yourself using your own ideas! Go on and argue — you will understand more about what you believe. You will begin to understand the subject more deeply. And this helps you to feel comfortable with it. And you might change something or you might not. When we ask ourselves questions, we start to understand ourselves and our lives, and it’s up to us to make changes or not. If the ideas in your head agree, this means you have integrity. What you say and what you do are the same. Everyone respects someone who has integrity!

By thinking and questioning, we can understand more and maybe prevent problems caused by misunderstanding. But philosophy can also cause problems and conflict when people don’t agree. When one group of people choose one philosophy to believe and another group of people choose a different philosophy, when they need to think or make a decision together, they start trying to change each other instead of working together on bigger ideas about life.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A．The main conflicts among philosophers.

B．The application of philosophical beliefs.

C．The definition and function of philosophy.

D．The pros and cons of philosophical discussions.

2. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “integrity” in paragraph 4?

A．Honesty.

B．Connection.

C．Belief.

D．Unity.

3. Why do we need philosophy according to the passage?

A．To prove our own ideas.

B．To bring about disagreements.

C．To reduce cruel deeds in the world.

D．To inspire thinking and seek answers.

4. What can be inferred according to the last paragraph?

A．Misunderstanding helps prevent problems.

B．Different choices make different philosophy.

C．Philosophy can be both positive and negative.

D．Conflicts and disagreement result from philosophy.

2 . A young woman was sitting next to her mother on the train; she was about 20 years old. Both of them looked tired but _________. The young woman was looking_________from the train’s window. Suddenly, she shouted, “Mom, look! The trees are behind us!” Her voice was so_________ that everybody on the train heard.

Mom smiled. But a young couple_________ nearby looked at the young woman’s behavior (行为) with pity. “Poor young woman. There must be something wrong with her_________ ,” they thought. About a quarter later, the young woman_________again, “Mom, look! The clouds are running with us!” Mom_________again. And she seemed very happy with the young woman’s words. _________ , the couple couldn’t help asking the old woman,   “Sorry if We offend (冒犯) you. But why don’t you _________your daughter to a good doctor?” The old woman smiled and said, “We have just come from a ____________.” “Then you should go to a(n)____________one. Because it seems that your daughter’s situation hasn’t____________,” said one of them. They felt so sorry for the old woman.“No, ____________ , I’m very happy with the treatment (治疗),” said the mother, “My daughter was blind from birth. Today, she is seeing the world for the____________ time.”

Every person has a story. Don’t judge people before you really know them, ____________you’ll be surprised at the truth.

1.

A．relaxed

B．excited

C．interested

D．pleased

2.

A．at

B．up

C．through

D．out

3.

A．loud

B．loudly

C．aloud

D．louder

4.

A．sitting

B．working

C．playing

D．walking

5.

A．voice

B．mouth

C．mind

D．eyes

6.

A．called

B．shouted

C．answered

D．spoke

7.

A．listened

B．laughed

C．shouted

D．smiled

8.

A．Finally

B．Exactly

C．Nearly

D．Possibly

9.

A．get

B．carry

C．bring

D．take

10.

A．school

B．hospital

C．park

D．station

11.

A．better

B．best

C．more

D．most

12.

A．started

B．gone

C．improved

D．refused

13.

A．in fact

B．at least

C．by the way

D．at first

14.

A．last

B．first

C．second

D．final

15.

A．and

B．but

C．so

D．or

3 . Clinton was a great example of the student every teacher loves to have in class. An immigrant from the Philippines at the age of twelve with _______ English skills, he had traveled far to be the only student at school who _______ scholarships from three different school-based groups. All his teachers felt proud when he announced to be a teacher in the future because we knew he would _______ students’ lives

_______ , Clinton never made it to college. Just two days after he graduated from high school, Clinton was diagnosed with stage four colon(结肠) cancer. The doctors held _______ hope that cancer treatments would do more than postpone the eventual_______ . We were heartbroken. Clinton would never _______ college.He would never teach. He would never marry. He would never have children.

We_______ a hand of help and comfort to Clinton and his family. Many an hour was spent by Clinton's side in the hospital; a T-shirt was sold to help raise_______ for Clinton's medical care, and on the front of that T shirt was the following: “Love is a verb ”. For all of us who knew and loved Clinton, we came to ________ that statement and we believed it would make all the ________ in the world.

Clinton passed away on October 16th. We were all deeply ________ by his death. But we also ________ to the fact that the true duty of our school is beyond the factual knowledge and skills we teach to students. It is helping ________ to grow and mature into ________ people.

1.

A．new

B．limited

C．practical

D．special

2.

A．founded

B．gained

C．offered

D．refused

3.

A．risk

B．threaten

C．impact

D．save

4.

A．Unfortunately

B．Particularly

C．Roughly

D．Hopefully

5.

A．some

B．every

C．much

D．little

6.

A．experience

B．career

C．outcome

D．answer

7.

A．attend

B．quit

C．finish

D．like

8.

A．borrowed

B．extended

C．owed

D．waved

9.

A．doubts

B．loans

C．hopes

D．funds

10.

A．comment on

B．act on

C．concentrate on

D．depend on

11.

A．difference

B．fortune

C．mistakes

D．adjustments

12.

A．relieved

B．pleased

C．saddened

D．shocked

13.

A．bowed

B．awoke

C．adjusted

D．objected

14.

A．adults

B．parents

C．teachers

D．youngsters

15.

A．promising

B．noble

C．modest

D．caring

4 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I could hear one of my classmates expressing her impatience with my slow crawl up the ladder (梯子),“If she’s afraid of heights, why would she sign up for a Bungee Jumping (蹦极) class?” My friend was at the top of the ladder, trying to cheer me up. How did I wind up on a ladder hanging above the Hudson River?

It was my friend who invited me to the Bungee Jumping class. At first, I was doubtful, but her enthusiasm and guarantees of strict safety procedures won me over.

I had been fearful of heights since primary school. Avoiding my fear of heights became second nature. I tried not to look down at balconies or staircases. I avoided traveling by plane as much as possible. I declined invitations from friends to join them on roller coasters (过山车).

But here I was, at age twenty-six, facing my fear of heights in a rather extreme way. I had come around to the idea of trying Bungee Jumping. I figured it wasn’t much different from swinging on the monkey bars as a kid. The one obstacle I didn’t expect was the ladder. In order to reach the Bungee Jumping, I had to climb up a twenty-two-foot ladder.

My friend’s distraction techniques helped to take my mind off my dangerous task. I found a rhythm and kept going. With a slow and steady (稳定的) pace, I made it to the top.

An instructor tied me to a safety belt and told me to step to the edge of the platform. I held the Bungee Jumping bar with sweaty hands, surprised that it was too thick to fix my hand around. Instead of a firm grasp, my hands were in a weak, bear-claw position.

The cheers from my classmates rang out below. An instructor reminded me of the safety rules, including the net below that would catch me at the bottom. He reminded me to listen to the directions while in the air, so I could perform well.

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I stood face to face with my fear of heights.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

My second round of Bungee Jumping went a bit more smoothly.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 . My photographs are the items I would definitely take or guard in case of an emergency. But what else? This was the question I asked myself as a ________ came toward us.

Unlike some friends and________, we decided to stay in our home. We didn’t have to choose what we would save by ________ it into the car, but we still had to decide what required protection by storing it in our walk-in closet. Surprisingly, few items made the cut - an obvious ________ that we had surrounded ourselves with beautiful yet unessential items. We needed ________ for the truly important things: ourselves.

Because when you hear the roar of the winds, or when something ________ hard against your windows, you don’t think of photos.You don’t worry about your big screen TV, or those paintings you’ve covered with towels to protect them, or that ________ car that you still haven’t finished paying for.

As ________ goes on outside, this is what you think: My children, are they OK? Are their impact-resistant(耐冲击的) windows working ________? Are their roofs keeping out the damage? My grandchildren, are they crying out in fear? Are they ________ as their own grandparents are? My relatives — yes, even those I try to avoid — have they ________ the worst of it? My friends, will they be forced to move somewhere else permanently? You don’t think about what you own but about what you love; what money can’t buy back.

Months and years after the hurricane, I often told people that there are two parts to ________ this kind of catastrophe: the horror of the hurricane itself and then the rebuilding that follows. The ________ together of a life, however, will take months, perhaps years.

But we will do it, ________ and as a community. Of that I have no doubt. In fact, I’ll make one more prediction. Piece by piece, item by item, we will once again collect the material possessions that decorate a home. I hate to admit this, but lessons learned ________ fear aren’t always long-lasting.

1.

A．flood

B．drought

C．wildfire

D．hurricane

2.

A．hosts

B．partners

C．relatives

D．architects

3.

A．applying

B．packing

C．exchanging

D．delivering

4.

A．sign

B．gap

C．clue

D．summary

5.

A．kit

B．gym

C．space

D．greenhouse

6.

A．rests

B．erupts

C．carves

D．cracks

7.

A．cheap

B．expensive

C．graceful

D．economic

8.

A．destruction

B．appreciation

C．challenge

D．determination

9.

A．as usual

B．as follows

C．as scheduled

D．as promised

10.

A．annoyed

B．amazed

C．confused

D．frightened

11.

A．escaped

B．protested

C．identified

D．processed

12.

A．causing

B．preventing

C．surviving

D．suffering

13.

A．cutting out

B．putting back

C．giving up

D．working out

14.

A．devotedly

B．creatively

C．individually

D．dependently

15.

A．in favor of

B．in times of

C．in need of

D．in search of

6 . We all have friends who make us frown when they walk in. We know that within five minutes they will have us completely depressed, and we feel that there is nothing we can do about it. Their lives are desperate, sad, tragic, bored or whatever, and if you have a sympathetic ear, you listen and they are likely to keep coming back to tell you more. Do you know why? It makes them feel better. But you just want to jump out the nearest window, and they leave whistling and smelling the roses.

If you are surrounded by people like this, it may be impossible to get them out of your life because they’re your biggest customer, a relative or your business partner. But whatever else you do, you really do need to draw a line in the sand. If more of the people you mix with are negative than positive, you have a problem, which will only get worse over time and keep you trapped in the cycle of feeling overwhelmed.

I made a very conscious decision a number of years ago about the type of people I would have in my life. I want to be surrounded by energetic, enthusiastic and positive people who are getting on with their lives. I don’t care what they do for a living, how much money they have or who they know. All I care about is their zest for life. These people inspire and motivate me to be the best person I can be; they are supportive of any decision or change that will help me to achieve this goal. If I fail, they are the first people to support me and say at least I gave it a go.

If I listened to the negative people, I wouldn’t do anything, because life is clearly so messed up that there is nothing I can possibly do that would make it any better. There is no malicious intention in these people, and it’s just a reflection of where they are in life at the time. And that is sad, but we all need to decide if we want to be equally sad. I made the decision not to and that was that.

I suggest keeping such people at arm’s length. Some of them won’t like you for it. Be prepared for some bad results, but try it because the pay-off is big. And developing a proper way will make it easier.

1. What is the function of the first paragraph?

A．To explain the reason.	B．To introduce the topic.
C．To criticize the behavior.	D．To analyze the phenomenon.

2. Which of the following does the author agree with?

A．The identity of a person matters when we choose who to mix with.

B．We must stay away from a negative person even if he is our customer.

C．Being negative is a reflection of the state of life negative people are in.

D．The more negative people we stay with, the less overwhelmed we will be.

3. What does the underlined word “zest” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Doubt.

B．Control.

C．Expectation.

D．Enthusiasm.

4. What is the author likely to talk about in the following paragraph?

A．How to define the pay-off.	B．How to ignore the bad results.
C．How to say no to a friend you dislike.	D．How to keep a distance from negative people.

7 . Life is not always smooth and easy. Sometimes we may encounter adversity, such as illness, loss, failure, or conflict, which test our resilience and courage. In these situations, we may feel lonely and helpless, and lose confidence and hope. However, we are not alone. We have our family members, who can play a significant role in helping us overcome adversity.

Family is the most intimate and trustworthy group of people in our lives. They share our blood and genes, and have a deep bond with us. They know our strengths and weaknesses, our joys and sorrows, our dreams and fears. They care about our well-being and happiness, and are willing to sacrifice for us. They can offer us unconditional love and acceptance, which can heal our wounds and soothe our pain.

Family is also the most supportive group of people in our lives. They have a long history and rich culture, and have a profound impact on our values and beliefs. They can teach us important lessons and skills, such as honesty, responsibility, cooperation, and perseverance. They can also provide us with various resources and assistance, such as money, information, advice, or connections. They can help us cope with challenges and difficulties, and find solutions and opportunities.

Family is also the most inspiring and motivating group of people in our lives. They have their own stories and achievements, and have a great potential for growth and development. They can set examples for us to follow and admire. They can also challenge us to improve ourselves and pursue excellence. They can encourage us to explore our interests and talents, and follow our passions and goals. They can support us in our endeavors, and celebrate our successes and contributions.

In summary, family is an indispensable part of our lives, especially when we face adversity. They can play a positive role in many aspects, such as giving us love and acceptance, teaching us lessons and skills, providing us with resources and assistance, setting examples for us, challenging us to improve ourselves, encouraging us to follow our passions, supporting us in our endeavors, celebrating our successes. Therefore, we should appreciate our family members and express our gratitude and affection to them.

1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A．We face difficulties and challenges in life.

B．Adversity challenges our strength and bravery.

C．We feel hopeless when we face the problems.

D．Families provide support in time of adversity.

2. What does the author imply by saying “They share our blood and genes and have a deep bond with us”?

A．We have the same blood type as our family members.

B．Family members are willing to give up their lives for us.

C．We are genetically and emotionally close to our family members.

D．We have little in common with family members.

3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a lesson or skill that family can teach us?

A．Honesty.

B．Responsibility.

C．Cooperation.

D．Competition.

4. How does the author support his conclusion in the last paragraph?

A．By restating his opinion.	B．By giving examples.
C．By asking questions.	D．By offering his suggestions.

8 . Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…” and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.

I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.

So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.

I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.

When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.

Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.

1. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name?

A．Anxious.

B．Angry.

C．Surprised.

D．Settled.

2. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.

A．criticise the review process	B．stay longer in the Sahara Desert
C．apply to the original project again	D．put his heart and soul into the lab work

3. According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.

A．demanding

B．inspiring

C．misleading

D．amusing

4. What can we learn from this passage?

A．An invitation is a reputation.	B．An innovation is a resolution.
C．A rejection can be a redirection.	D．A reflection can be a restriction.

9 . My mother was always knitting (编织). What a shock to me when she recently admitted that knitting was a great way to help her get through stresses of ________four children. And I realized that knitting has also been________to me.

My mother ________me to knit when I was about 6, starting first with the beginner’s scarf. But I soon abandoned the________, as it was boring for a young child.

My next knitting adventure was an awakening in Madison, Wisconsin, where I was in graduate school and feeling the________of the demanding program. One day, as I cycled to school past the knitting store on State Street, I stopped and went inside. I was not even sure what I was ________. The gloves in the display area caught my fancy, and I determined that I would learn to knit these ________gloves. Too big a project for a beginner, but the store employees were kind and patient with my daily visits for instruction. In the following months the project ________to a gift of gloves for each one of my dear friends, and miraculously, the gloves saved my soul in that tense semester of studies and other life________of love and loss.

My ________fingers wrapped in yarn (毛线) have long relieved my anxiety during medical appointments and hospital stays for friends and family. Knitting during the pandemic eased my despair at not being able to ________in my usual volunteer activities that had been central in my life for decades. I channeled my energy into knitting dozens of scarves to donate to a shelter and this helped me feel ________to the community.

Knitting scarves and blankets for my daughter when she went away for university brought me ________as I imagined every stitch (针脚) of love wrapped around my now-adult child—as once my arms protected her when she was ________.

My mother’s influence on me is great, but the major life lesson she taught me through knitting is that there is a step-by-step ________of building, tearing down and rebuilding. It requires patience and a belief that stitches that are cast off can always find their way back on.

1.

A．warning

B．raising

C．dressing

D．praising

2.

A．beneficial

B．challenging

C．hopeful

D．stressful

3.

A．requested

B．forced

C．taught

D．wished

4.

A．project

B．housework

C．achievement

D．honor

5.

A．excitement

B．glory

C．regret

D．pressure

6.

A．seeking

B．learning

C．researching

D．observing

7.

A．strange

B．sweet

C．broken

D．huge

8.

A．expanded

B．reduced

C．moved

D．returned

9.

A．signs

B．disasters

C．ceremonies

D．events

10.

A．cold

B．busy

C．clean

D．lazy

11.

A．break

B．major

C．participate

D．put

12.

A．grateful

B．addicted

C．ashamed

D．connected

13.

A．fear

B．thrill

C．curiosity

D．comfort

14.

A．lost

B．successful

C．young

D．aged

15.

A．effect

B．process

C．progress

D．exchange

10 . One day a poor farmer was taking a bag of rice to town. Suddenly the bag fell off his horse on the road. He didn’t know what to do about it because it was too heavy for him to carry it by himself. He only hoped that somebody would soon pass by and help him.

Just at this moment a man riding a horse came up to him. But the farmer was very disappointed (失望) when he saw who he was. It was a great man living nearby (附近). The farmer had hoped to ask another farmer or a poor man like him.

But to his surprise, the great man got off his horse as soon as he came near. He said to the farmer, “I see you need help, friend. How good it is that I’m here just at the right time.” Then he took one end of the bag, the farmer took the other. They together carried and put it on the horse.

“Sir,” asked the farmer, “how can I pay you? ”

“It’s quite easy,” the great man answered with a smile, “wherever you see anyone else in trouble (有困难) do the same for him.”

1. What happened when the famer went to town?

A．The farmer lost his bag.	B．The bag fell from his horse.
C．His horse’s leg was hurt.	D．The horse was ill.

2. The farmer couldn’t carry the bag onto the horse by himself because ________.

A．the bag was broken	B．the horse ran away
C．the bag was too heavy	D．the farmer was too old

3. The great man ________ when he saw the farmer on the road.

A．was riding a bike	B．was walking
C．was driving a car	D．was riding a horse

4. ________ helped the farmer.

A．A poor man.	B．Another farmer.
C．The great man.	D．A friend of the farmer’s.

5. If you see someone in trouble, what will you do after you read this story?

A．I’ll volunteer (自愿) to help him or her.

B．I’ll give some help if I know him or her.

C．I won’t give any help unless he or she pays me money.

D．I’ll go away as soon as possible because I don’t want any trouble.