1 . “Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organization decision making. For years March( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.
He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning :“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及）serious complications（复杂化），ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.
In one interesting part of book，for example，he turns a double eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. He says “The more accurately（精确的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”
Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher. March is also a poet, and his gift shines though in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding；Don’t pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.
1. According to the text, James March is ____________.

A．a poet who uses experience in his writing

B．a teacher who teachers story writing in university

C．a researcher who studies the way humans think and act

D．a professor who helps organizations make important decisions

2. According to James March, experience ______________.

A．is overvalued

B．is easy to explain

C．should be actively sought

D．should be inactively sought

3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A．Experience makes stories more accurate.

B．Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.

C．The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.

D．Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.

4. What’s the purpose of this text?

A．To introduce a book.	B．To describe a researcher.
C．To explain experiential learning.	D．To discuss organizational decision making.

2 . As a senior, my future is always on my mind. To be exact, thoughts of the future have kept me up countless nights and made me worry enough to do poorly on more than one test. Because of this, words of wisdom are a source of comfort. Steve Jobs gave a speech to Stanford’s graduating class in 2005 and his words resound repeatedly in my mind whenever I think about my future.
It wasn’t always like that, though. It started when I became a junior, when college came into view. It’s the first big step to making your life your own. So when Jobs discussed his life as a student, some fears were eased. He, too, felt the need to attend college to make something of himself. He faced what many are extremely afraid of: uncertainty. His lack of understanding caused him to stop attending college and focus on what he felt was important. His story had a happy ending, of course, since he certainly turned out well.
This doesn’t mean that students shouldn’t attend college, but rather that they shouldn’t worry so much. You’ll get where you need to go, even if your path is a bit more winding (蜿蜒的) than you’d like.
Jobs talked about the hardships in his work. His love of his work helped him carry on and he got where he was meant to be, which restates the point: don’t panic.
One particular part of his speech stayed with me. Steve Jobs quoted (引用) the saying “Stay hungry, stay foolish” and it has become my motto. Staying foolish is realizing that you are still a fool, no matter how much you’ve learned or experienced. There is always more to explore. Staying hungry is wanting to find those things about which you are still uneducated.
Steve Jobs’s level of success is attainable, and I aim to prove that. With the will power to go into the world living every day like it’s my last and allowing the future to take care of itself, I will do great things. In the last moments of my life,   I’ll be proud of what I have done and hope to have all the wisdom a person could wish for.
1. The author felt worried when _________.

A．he had to take tests at school

B．he thought about his future

C．he had lots of sleepless nights

D．he searched for words of wisdom

2. It is suggested in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that _________.

A．Steve Jobs didn’t attend college

B．Steve Jobs failed because of his decision

C．the author is a college student

D．the author cares much about his future

3. What did the author gain from Jobs’s speech?

A．Courage to drop out of school.

B．Confidence in defeating Jobs.

C．Interest in computer industry.

D．Bravery to face uncertainties.

4. What did NOT Steve Jobs encourage students to do in his speech?

A．Have the desire to learn more.

B．Be content with what they know.

C．Stay calm in the face of hardships.

D．Be modest so as to learn more.

5. The passage is mainly about _________.

A．the wisdom drawn from a speech

B．the most impressive quote in life

C．a memorable meeting with Jobs

D．an experience of a speech

3 . How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and the old wishing they were young again! Each age has its pleasure and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting any time in useless regrets.
Children is a time when there are few duties to make life hard. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after, and loved whatever he may do. It’s impossible for him to be given so much again in his life without having to do anything in return. Besides, life is always giving new things to the child. A child finds pleasure in playing in the rain, or in the snow. His first visit to the seaside makes him wild. But a child has his pains; he is not so free to do as he wishes. He is continually being told not to do this, not to do that, or being punished for what he has done wrong. His life is therefore not perfectly happy.
When the young man starts to make his own living, he becomes free from the rules of school and parents; but at the time he is forced to accept duties. He can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the law of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison, lf, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble, and has good health, he can have the great happiness of seeing himself make steady pro-gress in his job and of building up his own position in society.
Old age has always been thought of as the worst age to be, but it is not necessary for the old to be unhappy. With old age should come wisdom and title ability to help others with advice wisely given. They can have the joy of seeing their Children making progress in life; they can watch their grandchildren growing up around them and, perhaps, best of all, they can, if their life has been a useful one, feel the happiness of having come through the battle of life safely and of having reached a time when they can lie back and rest, leaving others to continue the fight.
1. The main reason children wish they were grown up, and the old wish they were young again is that ______.

A．both aren’t satisfied with the weak points at their ages

B．both enjoy the strong points at the other age by looking back or looking forward

C．the human beings should be like this

D．they don’t think both ages are acceptable

2. “Enjoy what each age gives him without wasting time in useless regrets” means ______.

A．Enjoy what is given to him by people at his age, feeling regrets

B．Enjoy himself at his own age, feeling regrets for a waste of time

C．Make full use of the time he is given at his age instead of regretting having no achievements

D．Enjoy his own age and took down on the people at other ages

3. “Children is a time when there are few duties to make life hard” means “______”.

A．Children shouldn’t be made to live a hard life

B．All the children won’t have to work for their own living

C．Children shouldn’t answer for the hard life they are leading

D．A child bas few duties to try hard to make a living for himself or for his seniors

4. According to the passage, what is a child’s greatest dissatisfaction?

A．He thinks he has not got the equal freedom as his seniors.

B．He thinks he knows less about things than the older do.

C．He thinks it easy for him to do something wrong.

D．He thinks the society doesn’t believe in him.

4 . There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care. To water his flowers，he used two buckets. One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one, which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best.
Every morning, the gardener would fill up the two buckets. Then he would carry them along the path, one on each side, to the flowerbeds. The new bucket was very proud of itself. It could carry a full bucket of water without a single drop spilled(溢出). The old bucket felt very ashamed because of its holes: before it reached the flowerbeds, much water had leaked along the path.
Sometimes the new bucket would say, “See how capable I am! How good it is that the gardener has me to water the flowers every day! I don’t know why he still bothers with you. What a waste of space you are !”
And all that the old bucket could say was, “I know I’m not very useful, but I can only do my best. I’m happy that the gardener still finds a little bit of use in me, at least. ”
One day, the gardener heard that kind of conversation. After watering the flowers as usual, he said, “You both have done your work very well. Now I am going to carry you back. I want you to look carefully along the path.”
Then the two buckets did so. All along the path, they noticed, on the side where the new bucket was carried, there was just bare(光秃秃的)earth; on the other side where the old bucket was carried, there was a joyous row of wild flowers, leading all the way to the garden.
1. What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean ?

A．dirty.

B．dark.

C．worn-out.

D．plain-looking.

2. What was the old bucket ashamed of ?

A．His past.

B．His aging.

C．His manner.

D．His leaking.

3. The new bucket made conversations with the old one mainly to _______.

A．laugh at the old one	B．take pity on the old one
C．show off its beautiful looks	D．praise the gardener’s kindness

4. Why was the old bucket still kept by the gardener?

A．Because it was used to keep a balance.

B．Because it stayed in its best condition.

C．Because it was taken as a treasure.

D．Because it had its own function.

5 . Maybe it is true that we do not know what we have got until we lose it, but it is also true that we do not know what we have been missing until it arrives.

It takes an hour to like someone, and a day to love someone, but it takes a lifetime to forget someone. Giving someone all your love is never an assurance that they will love you back. Do not expect love in return; but if it does not, be content it has grown in yours. Do not rely on one’s appearance; it can trick you. Do not rely on wealth; even that fades away. Rely on someone who makes you smile, because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright.

There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them. Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be, because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do.

The brightest future will always be based on a forgotten past. You cannot go on well in life until you let your past failures and heartaches go off. May you have enough happiness to make you sweet, enough trails to make you strong, enough sorrow to keep you human, enough hope to make you happy. The happiest of people do not necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that comes along their way. Happiness waits for those who cry, those appreciate the importance of people who have touched their lives. Always put yourself in others’ shoes. If you feel that it hurts you, it probably hurts the other person, too.

When you were born, you were crying and everyone around you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you are the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying.

1. In this passage, the writer wants to tell us ______.

A．what to do in our life

B．where to go with other persons

C．how to treat our life

D．how to get on well with other persons

2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．If you give someone your love, you are sure to receive love in return.

B．We often don’t know what we have lost until it happens someday.

C．It is wise not to rely on anybody because you are likely to be cheated.

D．If it takes you a short time to love someone, you will easily forget the person.

3. If you put yourself in another person’s position, ______.

A．you shouldn’t do what will hurt other people

B．you should put on other people’s shoes

C．you should believe in other people

D．you should depend on your imagination

4. In the last paragraph the writer is actually telling us that a person in the world should be one who        ______.

A．can accept the suggestions made by others

B．can live happily and forget the past

C．does good to other people and is respected and loved by them

D．has made a lot of money for himself before he dies

6 . Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg,a distance of about eighty miles.It was late.Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left,and I became increasingly impatient.

At one point along an open road,I came to a crossing with a traffic light.I was alone on the road by now,but as I drove near the light,it turned red and I made a stop.I looked left,right and behind me.Nothing.Not a car,no suggestion of car lamps,but there I sat,waiting for the light to change,the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.

I started wondering why I refused to run the light.I was not afraid of being caught,because there was clearly no policeman around,and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.

Much later that night,the question of why I'd stopped for that light came back to me.I think I stopped because it's part of a contract we all have with each other.It's not only the law,but it's an agreement we have,and we trust each other to honor it: we don't go through red lights.

Trust is our first inclination（倾向）.Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us.The whole construction of our society depends on mutual（相互的）trust,not distrust.We do what we say we'll do,we show up when we say we'll show up;and we pay when we say we'll pay.We trust each other in these matters,and we're angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.

I was so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night.

1. Why did the author get impatient while driving?

A．He was lonely on the road.	B．He was slowed down by a truck.
C．He got tired of driving too long.	D．He came across too many traffic lights.

2. What was the author's immediate action when the traffic light turned red?

A．Stopping still.	B．Driving through it.
C．Looking around for other cars.	D．Cheeking out for traffic police.

3. The event made the author strongly believe that          .

A．traffic rules may be unnecessary	B．doubting others is human nature
C．patience is important to drivers	D．a society needs mutual trust

4. Why was the author proud of himself?

A．He kept his promise.	B．He held back his anger.
C．He followed his inclination.	D．He made a right decision.

7 .        You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.

Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.

Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others—and even themselves—to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.

In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.

In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.

1. What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?

A．People and things around you.	B．Opportunities and problems.
C．Creators and their choices.	D．Victims and their sufferings.

2. According to Paragraph 2, creators __________.

A．seem willing to experience failures in life

B．possess the ability to predict future life

C．handle ups and downs of life wisely

D．have potential to create something new

3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A．Creators and victims face quite different things in life.

B．Creators and victims are masters of their lives.

C．Victims can influence more people than creators.

D．Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.

4. The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _______________.

A．strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.

B．people need family support to deal with challengers in life.

C．it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.

D．one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.

5. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

A．To define victims and creators.

B．To evaluate victims against creators.

C．To explain the relationship between victims and creators.

D．To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.

8 . [1] Ashley Power’s mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn’t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”
[2] So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called Goosehead. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees.
[3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The Goosehead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called “All About Ashley,” where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. “I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen — I didn’t even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you’d be stressed, too!”
[4] In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, “Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don’t listen when _______, because I heard ‘no’ a lot. Just keep going until you hear ‘yes’!”
1. For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? (no more than 6 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company? (no more than 5 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.
_______________________________________________________________________________

9 . A
I left university with a good degree in English Literature, but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didn’t think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull.
I had enough savings to take a year off work, and I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel. Attending a Novel Writing MA course gave me the structure I needed to write my first 55,000 words.
It takes confidence to make a new start — there’s a dark period in-between where you’re neither one thing nor the other. You’re out for dinner and people ask what you do, and you’re too ashamed to say, “Well, I’m writing a novel, but I’m not quite sure if I’m going to get there.” My confidence dived. Believing my novel could not be published ,
I put it aside.
Then I met an agent（代理商）who said I should send my novel out to agents. So, I did and, to my surprise, got some wonderful feedback. I felt a little hope that I might actually become a published writer and, after signing with an agent, I finished the second half of the novel.
The next problem was finding a publisher. After two-and-a-half years of no income, just waiting and wondering, a publisher offered me a book deal — that publisher turned out to be the one I once worked for.
It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck — of fate, really. When you set out to do something different, there’s no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract of the publisher — to be a published writer — is unbelievably rewarding.
1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?

A．I was waiting for good fortune.

B．I was trying to find an admirable job.

C．I was being aimless about a suitable job.

D．I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time.

2. The author decided to write a novel ______ .

A．to finish the writing course

B．to realize her own dream

C．to satisfy readers’wish

D．to earn more money

3. How did the writer feel halfway with the novel?

A．Disturbed.

B．Ashamed.

C．Confident.

D．Uncertain.

4. What does the author mainly want to tell readers in the last paragraph?

A．It pays to stick to one’s goal.

B．Hard work can lead to success.

C．She feels like being unexpectedly lucky.

D．There is no end in sight when starting to do something.

10 . Ammie was only 18 months old when she had an accident that scarred her for life. While her mother was away for a moment , the curious baby reached up to a hot kettle in the kitchen and poured boiling water all over her body.

An ambulance was called and rushed the baby to nearby hospital. About 20 percent of Ammie’s body had been burned and all of her burns were third degree. The doctors could tell immediately that Ammie’s best chance of survival was specialized burns unit some miles away at Glasgow Royal hospital.

There , using tissue taken from unburned areas of Ammie’s body, surgeons performed complex skin grafts（植皮手术）to close her wounds and control her injuries , an operation that took about six hours. Over the next 16 years, Ammie underwent（经历）12 more operations to repair her body.

When she started school at the age of 4, other pupils made cruel comments or simply wouldn’t play with her. “I was the only burned child in the street , the class and the school,” she recalls, “Some children refused to become friends with me because of that.”

Today, age 17, Ammie can only ever remember being a burned person with scars; pain is a permanent part of her life, she is still awaiting two further operations. Yet she is a confident, outgoing teenager who offers inspiration and hope to other young burnt victims.

Ammie’s parents have been a great support to her. “They told me of people had a problem with my burns, the problem with my burns, the problem was theirs not mine,” says Ammie. “They taught me to cope with other people’s reactions and constantly reminded me I was valued and loved.” Ammie’s positive attitude to life means she is often contacted by burns charities（慈善机构）, helping younger patients build their self-respect to live with permanent scars.

Now she is a member the Scottish Burned Children’s Club. “Ammie provides so much encouragement for the younger ones. She is optimistic and outgoing and a perfect role model for them , ” says Donald Todd, chairman of the club.

This month, Ammie will join some younger children on a summer camp. “I’ll show them how to shrug off unkind stares from others,” she says. Ammie loves wearing fashionable sleeveless tops（无袖上衣）, and she plans to show the children at the summer camp that they can too. “I don’t go to great lengths to hide my scars , ” she says . “I gave up wondering how other people would react years ago.”

1. Ammie was taken to Glasgow Royal hospital because      .

A．it was the nearest hospital to her home

B．it was the only hospital curing her burns

C．surgeons there were skilled at performing skin grafts

D．it was a local hospital excellent at treating burns

2. How many operations will Ammie have to receive altogether ?

A．12

B．13

C．14

D．15

3. The underlined phrase “shrug off” in the last paragraph is closet in meaning to      .

A．ignore

B．avoid

C．accept

D．tolerate

4. Which of the following best describes Ammie ?

A．Shy, pessimistic and discouraged.

B．Strong-minded , optimistic and helpful.

C．Fashionable , sensitive and easygoing.

D．Careful , confident and intelligent.

5. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Ammie had an accidents and had to do many operations.

B．Ammie was a brave gire after the accident.

C．Ammie helped many younger patients.

D．Ammie has a positive life through many operations.